（整理版高中英语）高二英语语法复习情态动词人教实验.doc

高二英语语法复习：情态动词人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 语法复习：情态动词情态动词一情态动词的根本用法1. can、be able to 和could1can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to那么有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如：Can you use chopsticks?The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.2can和couldcan和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比拟委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，答复时那么用can。如：Could you help me carry the bag?Can I help you?2. may/might1may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-Why isnt he in class? He may be sick.生病的可能性较大 He might be sick.生病的可能性较小2may/might表示“允许，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时，表示比拟委婉的语气，答复用may。如：He says we may leave.He said we might leave.3may / might 表示建议或请求，但might比may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。3. must1must表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。如：You must do everything as I do.2must表示肯定的推测。如：The light is still on, so he must be at home.3mustnt 表示禁止做某事。如：You mustnt smoke in the office. 4. have to have to 表示“必须、不得不，是由于某种外界客观原因而“必须，“不得不做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须做。have to的否认形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。如：You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.I have to be at my office every evening. 5. should / ought to1should和ought to表示应当、应该，前者比后者语气轻。如：You should / ought to work hard.2should / ought to 表推测Since she is not here, she should / ought to be in the classroom.3should / ought to的否认形式表示禁止之意。如：Children shouldnt smoke.4should可表示陈述意见，提出建议或请求；而ought to可以表示劝告之意。如：You ought to respect your parents.He suggested that they should leave at once. 6. will / would1will 用于各种人称表示“意志、“意愿或“决心等，否认式wont + 动词。如：I will tell you all about it.Tom wont do such a thing.2will用于疑问句中，常用在第二人称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求或“询问如：Will you please tell her the news when you see her?3will 表示习惯性的动作，有“总是、“惯于的含义。如：Fish will die out of water.4would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如：Would you please be quiet?Would you like coffee?5would 表示过去反复发生的动作。如：When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago. 7. needneed 作“必要讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。如：I need to think it over.Need you go now?Yes, I must./No, I neednt 8. daredare表示“敢的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否认句中。dare假设作实义动词，后面可带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：How dare you say that?She doesnt daretoask her father. 9. used toused to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。如：He used to smoke. 10. shall1shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、“警告、威胁、强制和“允许等意思。如：We shall do as our teacher says.You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.2在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：Where shall he wait for us?Shall we go out for a walk?二情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使 用 场 合Mustmust + 动词原形must have done肯定句May / mightmay / might + 动词原形may / might have done肯定句、否认句can /couldcan / could docan / could have done否认句、疑问句could可用于肯定句should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会should do/beshould have done肯定句、否认句、疑问句 例如：It must have rained last night.She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home.She cant be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.They should be there right now.三情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：1should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做，而shouldnt have done那么表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了。如：You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have said such words to your parents.2ought to have done也表示“本应该而ought not to have done那么意为“本不应该。如：You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.3neednt have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了。如：You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.4could have done表示“本来有可能而事实上未做到。如：I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.情态动词笔记：一情态动词的根本含义： 1. 表示能力用can, could, be able to比拟: could 与 was/ were able to = 表示经过一番努力才能做到=managed to do=succeeded in doingeg. The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone _get out.A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not 2. 表示可能性 can-could-may-might可能性依次减小 3. 表示义务,命令,要求 “必须, 应该must , have to, should, ought to 区别: must 主观看法 have to 客观需要You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.A. might B. need C. should D. would4. 表示意愿和决心shall, will, would rather shall用于第二, 三人称表 “命令,警告,允诺,威胁eg. Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You _have my computer if you dont take care of it.A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt key: A翻译：我宁愿去钓鱼而不去逛街。_我宁愿你不要抽烟。_ 5. 表示“过去常常would 过去的习惯性动作used to 强调过去的行为同现在的比照“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了Mother _ us stories when we were wrong.A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling6. 表推测肯定：may should- must否认：may not cant couldnt 对现在或将来的事进行推测: 情态动词 + do 对过去已发生的事进行推测: 情态动词 + have doneeg. Isnt that Anns husband over there?No, it_ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not I stayed at a hotel while in New York.Oh, did you? You _with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stayC. would stay D. must have stayed 二必背固定用法: should / ought to + have done “本应该 表示过去应该做而没有做的事,也可表惊讶,赞叹,责备等情绪shouldnt /ought not to + have done “本不应该表示过去不应该做某事却做了could have done “本能够,本可以表示过去本可以做某事，但却没做must have done “一定做了某事neednt have done “本没有必要，表示过去本没有必要做某事，但却做了cant tooto无论怎样也不过分，越越好cant help doing 情不自禁做某事may/ might as well do 还是做的好would rather dothan do宁愿做也不愿做1. There was plenty of time, she _.A. must not hurry B. neednt have hurriedC. may not hurry D. might not have hurried 2. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. mustnt have leftC. shouldnt have left D. couldnt have leftE. neednt have left F. could have left 【模拟试题】一. 用适当的情态动词填空1. May I smoke here? No, you _.2. Must I have in my paper in two days? No, you _.3.Need he stay behind after school? -Yes, he _.4. You _ not play with fire. You _ start a fire.5. Do you think I _ apologize to the teacher for my rudeness?6. Could I have a look at your newly decorated house? Of course, you _.7. Without water, there _ be no life on the earth.8. This pencil looks like mine, but it isnt. Whose _ it be?9. He isnt what he _ be. He has changed to much.10. If I _ you, I _ pay more attention to English idioms and phrases. 二. 选择题1. This couple had been separated for twenty years, you _ imagine how happy they were when they met again.A. might B. will C. can D. must2. They havent finished the work up to now. Well, they _.A. should have B. should doC. ought to have finished D. ought have3. Well done, Tom Thanks, but given more time, I _ it much better.A. should have done B. should doC. might not do D. could have done4. By the time we got there, they had already finished the work, so we _ there.A. neednt go B. neednt have goneC. didnt neednt to go D. shouldnt go5. You _ so tired. Weve only been to a party.A. mustnt have felt B. wouldnt have feltC. should have left D. couldnt have left6. Where _ Margaret have put the empty bottles? She _ them away. They must be somewhere.A. can; cant have thrown B. must; needntC. must; must have thrown D. can; must throw7. I cant think why he _ that; it was my fault.A. would have said B. should have saidC. ought to have said D. might have said8. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might studyC. should have studied D. would study【试题答案】一. 用适当的情态动词填空1. mustnt2. neednt/dont have to3. must4. mustnt ; may5.should6. can7. would8. can9.used to10. were, would二. 选择题1. C can与表示感官或知觉的动词see, hear, understand, imagine等连用，表“能力。2. A should/ought to+ have done表示“本应该做某事但事实上没做对于一般疑问句的简短答复是ought to have或should have3. D 表示一种与过去事实相反的虚拟证据。4. B neednt have done表示“本来不必做某事但却做了5. C 6. A7. B根据后面的It was my fault判断，“他过去不该那么说而事实是他那样做了， 我不理解。8. C