（整理版高中英语）英语unit1《Greatscientists》暑假预习题（新人教必修5）.doc

英语：unit1Great scientists暑假预习题新人教版必修5本试卷分第一卷选择题和第二卷非选择题两局部。总分值120分，考试时间100分钟。 . 单项填空共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分21. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to _ the problem. A. handle B. raise C. face D. present【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为没有人知道机器到底出了什么毛病，我们必须派人去请工程师来处理这个问题。handle the problem符合题意。 22. In the reading room we found her _ at a desk, with her attention _ on a book. A. sitting; fixingB. sit; fixedC. seated; be fixedD. seated; fixed 【解析】选D。考查宾补。句意为：在阅览室里我们发现她坐在桌子边，全神贯注地读书。seat为及物动词，表示状态要用be seated；with her attention _ on a book是with结构作伴随状语，fix ones attention意为“集中注意力，attention与fix之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，故答案选D。23. Whenever we are in _ trouble, we should never lose _ heart. A. a; the B. a; a C. /; / D. /; the【解析】选C。be in trouble处于麻烦中，有困难；lose heart灰心。两者都是固定短语，中间不加冠词。24. Have you heard of a person in Qingdao who won a million in the lottery? A million! _ we had won it. A. What if B. Only ifC. What about D. If only 【解析】选D。考查句式结构辨析。句意为：你听说了吗？有个人买彩票中了一百万。一百万！要是我们中了该多好啊。if only要是就好了，后边常跟虚拟语气，表示一种假设，符合本句句意。what if. . . 如果将会怎么样？only if只要，表示条件；what about. . . (对于)怎么样？均不合题意。25. I thought the plan he _ at the meeting _A. put on; makes no senseB. put forward; made no senseC. put off; didnt make any differenceD. put forward; doesnt make any difference 【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：我认为他在会议上提出的建议没什么意义。put on穿上，戴上；增加；上演；put forward提出；put off推迟；make no sense无意义，讲不通。D项中第二个空的时态不对，故答案选B。26. Dont use words，expressions，or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. known【解析】选D。考查过去分词作后置定语。句意: 不要用那些只有专业人士才认识的单词、词组或短语。 words，expressions，or phrases应是被知道，因此，应用过去分词known作后置定语表被动。27. Failure is never a pleasure, but it can have a _ effect on your life once you learn to use it. A. positiveB. majorC. concreteD. sure 【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。句意为：失败决不是让人快乐的事，但是一旦你学会利用失败，它就会给你的生活带来积极影响。positive积极的，肯定的；正面的；major主要的；concrete具体的，有形的；混凝土的；sure肯定的，有把握的。根据句意可知选A。28. Would you like to _ my birthday party tomorrow? Sorry, but I have something important to_. A. attend; attendB. attend to; attend toC. attend; attend toD. attend to; attend【解析】选C。考查词语辨析。句意为：明天你愿意来参加我的生日宴会吗？很抱歉，我有重要的事情要处理。attend参加，可以参加会议、宴会、婚礼等；attend to处理；照料。根据句意可知答案选C。29. You cant go out since you havent finished your homework；_ ，it is a stormy night. A. apart fromB. meanwhileC. thereforeD. besides【解析】选D。句意：既然你没有完成作业，你就不能外出。况且，今晚又有暴风雨。besides“况且；除此以外，与句意相符。_the money you gave me yesterday, I have another 10 dollars in my wallet. A. Apart fromB. ExceptC. In additionD. Except for【解析】选A。句意：除了你昨天给我的钱，我钱包里还有10美元。由句意可知此处指除了以外还有，故应选A。30. Chinese people did all they could to help the earthquake victims. Some offered medical help while others _ money to them. A. presentedB. paidC. recommendedD. contributed【解析】选D。句意：中国人民都尽他们所能帮助地震灾民。有些提供了医疗帮助而另一些为他们捐了钱。contribute在此意为“捐献。A、B、C三项均与句意不符。31. Our monitor is not only strict _ us, but also cautious _ expressing her ideas in public. A. in; aboutB. with; aboutC. on; ofD. with; in【解析】选B。考查介词搭配。be strict with sb. 对某人严格；be cautious about sth. /doing sth. 做某事小心的，谨慎的。My mother is a _ motorist; she never does any dangerous driving. A. casualB. consciousC. cautiousD. careless【解析】选C。句意为：我母亲开车非常小心，从来不危险驾驶。casual意为“漫不经心的；conscious意为“意识到的；careless意为“粗心的。只有cautious“小心谨慎的符合句意。32. Take care not to keep your children _ to the bad books and magazines. A. to exposeB. exposingC. exposeD. exposed【解析】选D。句意为：留神别让你的孩子们接触到不好的书籍和杂志。be exposed to暴露于；接触到，符合句意。33. Bob got one of his feet injured last week, and it will take about two months for the foot to_. A. heal B. cure C. treat D. recover【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意为：Bob上周把一只脚弄伤了，要有两个月的时间这只脚才能痊愈。cure sb. of a disease治愈某人某种疾病。treat治愈，强调动作不强调结果；recover恢复；heal愈合，由句意可知应选A项。34. Dont be upset. I think Tom, rather than you, _ . A. is to blame B. are to blameC. is to blamedD. are to blamed 【解析】选A。考查blame的用法。句意为：别难过了。我认为是汤姆而不是你应为此负责。be to blame应该受责备，用主动形式表被动意思，当主语后有rather than时，谓语动词不受rather than后的词影响。来35. I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first timeB. for the first timeC. the first timeD. by the first time【解析】选C。考查引导时间状语从句的连词。根据句意“我第一次见到她，就认为她善良而且老实。for the first time是介词短语；by the first time和过去完成时连用；the first time作连词使用时the不能省略，故答案为C。. 完形填空(共20小题；每题1分，总分值20分) Mars is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed it to be. Astronauts who are 36 to go there in the next decade may find plenty 37 water to slake(消除)their thirst. And with water present the 38 of finding some sort of life of Mars are 39 brighter. This is the view of forty geologists 40 have been analyzing 41 of pictures and other scientific 42 obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventies. To begin with, scientists thought the Red planet was as 43 as the Moon 44 dust storms swirling over vast sandy 45 . But now the picture is very different 46 mountains and valleys carved by 47 glaciers and rivers rushing and rumbling deep underground. In a report on the analysis of the Martian pictures Dr Michael Car of the U. S. Geological Survey comments: “I am convinced 48 lots of water on Mars. Any surface water will be in the 49 of ice. But it could save explorers from 50 to take so much 51 with them. The report says 52 Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages 53 due to its axis(轴)having been more tilted(倾斜)towards the sun. 54 signs of plant or animal life have been detected by instruments landed on Mars, 55 the landing vehicles have been sent there for a few years. 36. A. expectedB. imaginedC. requiredD. sent【解析】选A。sb. be expected to do sth. 表示“某人被期望做某事。imagine“想像；require“要求；send“派遣，均不符合句意。37. A. to B. of C. more D. in【解析】选B。plenty of为固定短语，意思是“大量的；许多的；充足的。38. A. chancesB. openingsC. occasionsD. possibility【解析】选A。此句意为：由于水的发现，在火星上面找到某种生命形式的时机就变得更加明朗了。39. A. quite B. very C. much D. more【解析】选C。此处的much用来修饰比拟级，其他选项都不能修饰比拟级。40. A. which B. they C. who D. whom【解析】选C。此处应填关系代词，指代geologists, 并在从句中作主语，应选C。A项不能指“人；B项不能引导从句；D项不能在句中作主语。41. A. a fewB. manyC. thousandD. thousands【解析】选D。thousands of用复数形式表示不确定的数字，意为“数以千计的，后接复数名词。42. A. skillsB. newsC. intelligenceD. information【解析】选D。此处意为：在六七十年代探测器获得的其他科学信息(information)。其他三项均不符合文意。43. A. peaceful B. quiet C. lifeless D. dead【解析】选C。此句意为：刚开始的时候，科学家认为这颗红色的行星像月球一样没有生命(lifeless)。由下文可知其他三项不合文意。44. A. of B. with C. for D. through【解析】选B。这里是“with+名词+现在分词构成的复合结构作状语。45. A. deserts B. mountainsC. rivers D. seas【解析】选A。此句意为：沙尘暴(dust storms)在广袤的沙漠(deserts)上旋转。由sandy得知后面应接deserts。46. A. fromB. betweenC. forD. with【解析】选D。这里不是be different from结构，而是“with复合结构作状语。47. A. energetic B. great C. heavy D. powerful【解析】选D。这里用powerful形容冰河对山谷冲刷的威力巨大。48. A. theres B. therere C. heres D. herere【解析】选A。此处是“there be结构，其后的名词water(即主语)为不可数名词，故谓语动词be用单数形式。49. A. appearance B. wayC. form D. shape【解析】选C。in the form of意为“以形式，是固定短语。此句意为：任何外表上的水将以冰的形式存在。50. A. have B. having C. carry D. carrying【解析】选B。from为介词，后面接动词的-ing形式，故可排除A、C两个选项。此处为have to结构，意为“必须；不得不。51. A. waterB. iceC. equipmentD. oxygen【解析】选A。此句意为：水的存在使探险者们不必随身携带大量的水。52. A. what B. if C. how D. that【解析】选D。此句意为：报告说由于火星的轴在过去的岁月中更倾斜地面对太阳，那时火星的天气，可能比现在暖和。此处that引导一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义，仅起连接的作用。53. A. pass B. past C. ago D. before【解析】选B。in ages past表示“在过去的岁月中。54. A. Not B. No C. Nor D. Never【解析】选B。no为形容词，等于“not a/not any，表示“没有，后接名词。而not的后面一般接动词、形容词等成分。55. A. probably B. perhapsC. supposed D. although【解析】选D。连词although引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然。其他选项都不能连接两个句子。. 阅读理解(共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分)(A) One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations(适应能力)was Charles Darwin(达尔文). He was born in England in 1809. He wasnt the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing nature more than attending medical classes. He dropped out without graduating. Next, Charles father sent him to school to become a minister牧师. This time he made it to graduation, but he didnt want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science. After graduation, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist. He wasnt the first choice, but he was the lucky one to go. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. The crews task was to make maps of the places they visited. On December 27th, 1831, Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to study. Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive and they are passed on to offspring(后代). Darwins ideas about adaptations contribute to the study of living things. 56. Darwin was very interested in_A. attending medical classesB. the work of a minister C. sailing around the worldD. science【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science. 可知，达尔文的兴趣在于科学。57. The Beagle was a(an)_. A. ship B. plane C. plant D. animal【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句After graduation, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist. 可以推知，the Beagle是一艘船。58. When Darwin published the scientific paper, he was years old_. A. twenty-three B. twenty-twoC. forty-five D. fifty【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章内容，达尔文出生于1809年，1831年达尔文跟the Beagle船只出海，这次航行持续了五年，最后提到在这之后23年他出版了科学论文，由此推出那时达尔文50岁。59. The underlined word “they in the last paragraph refers to _ . A. adaptationsB. Darwin and WallaceC. animalsD. Darwins ideas【解析】选A。猜想词义题。在论文中，达尔文提到了一些动物是如何具有能够使它们生存的适应性的，以及这种适应性是如何被传给后代的，由此可知they指的就是“适应性(adaptations)。60. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Darwin graduated from a medical school. B. Some animals have adaptations so that they can survive. C. Darwin published a scientific paper by himself. D. Darwin was first chosen to sail on the Beagle. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文章最后一段第二句可知B项正确；由第一段最后一句可知A项错误；由文章最后一段第一句可知C项错误；由文章第三段第二句可知D项错误；故答案为B。BLouis Pasteur and Rabies Nine-year-old Louis Pasteur rushed into the little house, his face white. “Mother! he cried. “A mad dog has bitten my friend Henry, and now they are burning him with red-hot irons. Its terrible! “Rabies(狂犬病), Louis. Burning the bites(伤口is the only hope of stopping Henry from catching the disease. Henry did get rabies and died, in great pain, some days later. Louis Pasteur never forgot. “One day, he thought, “I must do something to help people like Henry. Sixteen years later Pasteur became a Doctor of Science. And he began making important discoveries in his special field. Pasteur achieved great success in his life. But during the years of research he lost the use of his left arm and leg. Yet he worked on and on, as hard as ever, as he was eager to find a way for curing rabies. He never forgot his friend Henry. After many dangerous experiments on mad dogs, he finally found the answer. Just then a boy who had been badly bitten by a mad dog arrived at his lab. A few days after Pasteurs treatment the boy got better. He did not catch rabies. The discovery gave new hope to people in many countries. People sent money to help build the Pasteur Institute in Paris. Today it is one of the worlds most famous centres for research. 本文记叙了路易丝·巴斯德成长为一名理学博士的经历，以及他为治愈狂犬病所作的奉献。61. Pasteur became a Doctor of Science, Doctor of Science here means_. A. a degree which is the highest in scienceB. someone whose job is to make sick people well againC. a person who works in the labD. the post in science【解析】选A。词义猜想题。Doctor of Science意为“理学博士，即：a degree which is the highest in science, 应选A项。62. Though Pasteur was in poor health, he worked hard in order_ . A. to make a livingB. to prevent the dog from rabiesC. to find a good way to cure rabiesD. to protect children from mad dogs【解析】选C。细节理解题。从文章第6段中的：But during the years of research. . . for curing rabies. 但在几年的研究过程中，他的左臂和腿都残疾了，然而他仍像从前一样继续努力工作，因为他迫切想找到治愈狂犬病的方法。C项与原文最为贴合，是最正确答案。B项为干扰项，不是预防狗得狂犬病，故排除。63. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. His disabled left arm and leg had nothing to do with the mad dogs. B. Though his left arm and leg were disabled, he worked as hard as ever. C. Louis was famous for his discovery. D. In his childhood he made up his mind to become a doctor. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。此题可采用排除法。A项显然正确，可首先排除；由第6段可排除B；根据最后一段的描述，可知路易斯的发现带给人们新的希望，而且人们捐钱建造的巴斯德学院成为最著名的研究中心之一，可见C项也正确，可排除。只有D项与文章事实不符。64. The fact that people in many countries sent money to help build the Pasteur Institute shows that_ . A. Pasteur was respected by peopleB. the people supported Pasteurs research on rabiesC. the people rewarded Pasteur for the discoveryD. the people knew he lived a poor life【解析】选B。推理判断题。由末段中“The discovery gave new hope to people in many countries. 推知，人们捐钱建造巴斯德学院是人们支持他研究工作的一种表现，并非因为A、C、D项所说的，应选B项。65. This passage is mainly about_ . A. Louis Pasteurs experience and achievements in curing rabiesB. how Louis Pasteurs friend diedC. how Louis Pasteurs arm and leg were disabledD. Louis Pasteur cured a boy who had been badly bitten by a mad dog【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章大意，我们不难得出全文主要是讲Louis Pasteur的成长经历及其为治愈狂犬病所作的奉献，所以选A项。C Scores of passengers on the busiest subway route in Shanghai were trapped underground for 4 hours, and at least a million more were affected by delays yesterday due to a breakdown caused, in part, by the collision of two trains early in the morning. One frequent passenger on Line 1, Tony Zhang, said he and other co-passengers were trapped for “hours in the underground before rescue workers