（整理版高中英语）专题一名词考点集汇讲解和训练.doc
专题一：名词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s构成，其主要变法如下：1一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。2以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclassesboxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 3以ce, se, ze,dge结尾的名词加s，例如：orangeoranges。4以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y为“i再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。5以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。6 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾s或es的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s或es的读音方法情况 读法 例词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztd3F等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdgv等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives 7少数名词有不规那么的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。8单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。9数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保存单数形式，中间加连字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。10还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。11只用作单数的复数形式的名词有： 科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称：bowls 专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词：news, falls2不可数名词“量的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念，可以用以下两种方法：1用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice2用a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of watermilk a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶、“四张纸这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格那么必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，那么表示“分别有，例如：John's and Mary's rooms约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间；Tom's and Mary's bikes两人各自的自行车。两个名词并列，只有一个's，那么表示“共有，例如：John and Mary's room约翰和玛丽共有一间；Tom and Mary's mother即Tom与Mary是兄妹。【演练】1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room【练习答案】1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B
