高三英语语法定从专题讲练.doc

高三英语语法专题讲练定语从句编制人： 审核人： 序号：4 班级: 姓名: 小组:一 定语从句的基本概念1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行 词后面。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词：where, when, why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read. (that I have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。)二 关系代词as引导的定语从句限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“的”。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。1）当先行词为整个句子时，只能用非限制性定语从句。引导这类从句的关系代词只有as和which。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中和句末，译作“正如，正像”。而which引导非限定性定语从句不能置于句首，译作“这”。常用形式：as we can see(正如我们所看到的),as we had expected(正如我们所预料的),as is often the case(情况常常如此),as is reported in the newspaper(正如报纸报道的那样),as is well known/as we all know(众所周知),as the saying goes(俗话说)等。2）as也可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式： such + 名词+ as the same + 名词+ as ；She must pay for what she has done, which / as is natural. She, as we all know, can speak three foreign languages.As was pointed out, this kind of substance(物质) is poisonous.This is the same book as I lost yesterday. ( the sameas 表示与同样，但不是同一个)This is the same book that I lost yesterday. ( the samethat 表示同一个，就是那一个)三“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词一般只有which，whom。先行词是物时，用which，先行词是人时，用whom。that与 who 不能用在介词后。介词的选择1） 依据定语从句中动词与形容词的搭配习惯来确定。I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. (spend on)Ours is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud. (be proud of)2) 依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.3）“名词/代词+ of + 关系代词”结构在非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可以用“名词/代词+ of + 关系代词”的结构。常见的有some/ several / a few/ a little/ many/ more/ most/ the largest of which/ whom等形式。There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.He paid the boy10 for washing ten windows,most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year4）whose 引导的定语从句可以转换为“of + 关系代词”They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. = They live in a house, of which the door opens to the south. = They live in a house, the door of which opens to the south.四关系副词where ,when 和why 引导定语从句的关系副词除了起连接先行词和从句的作用外，它们还有一个重要的作用，那就是在定语从中充当成分。具体地说，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此在选择引导词时，如果从句中不缺主语或宾语，那么一定用关系副词；在实际的运用中，when 相当于on /in / at/ during which， where 相当于in/ at/ on/ under which ，why相当于for which。1. What do you think of teaching, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.  (2009北京)A. where                  B. which                  C. when                   D. that2. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (2009江苏)  A. if               B. when             C. which             D. since五that 与which 的使用区别只能用that的情况：1.先行词为不定代词little，much，all，everything，anything，nothingFinally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.This is the first time that we have met.3.先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。He is the only person that I want to see now.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5.主句是以which,who,what开头的特殊疑问句时Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.在there be句型中,只用that.He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.不能用that 的情况：1. 关系代词前有介词时，不使用that. 2. 在非限制定语从句中，不使用that.多项选择1.【2013北京】Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where2.【2013江苏】The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A. where B. which C. what D. when3.【2013山东】There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 4.【2013天津】We have launched another man-made satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper. A. that B. which C. who D. what5.【2013浙江】The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom6.【2013重庆】John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of_ are family members.A them B. that C. which D. whom7.【2012山东】Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what8.【2012陕西】It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what9.【2012浙江】We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 10.【2013江西】He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.A. what B. which C. where D. how11. 【2011浙江】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of_ uses itsomewhat differently . A. which B. what C. them D. those12. 【2011江西】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. A. for whichB. with which C. of which D. to which13. 【2011福建】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A. thatB.whenC. sinceD. before14. 【2011湖南】Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that15. 【2011天津】The days are gone_ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which16. 【2014 安徽】The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. when B. where C. why D.which17. 【2014北京】I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me. A.who B.which C.when D.where18. 【2014福建】Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth. A.who B.when C.which D.where19. 【2014福建】 I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A.as B.why C.when D.where20. 【2014江苏】 The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must. A.which B.when C.as D.where21. 【2014山东】A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A.which B.whose C.who D.why22. 【2014陕西】 Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. A.that B.which C.as D.what完成句子1.（2013湖北）Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two me greatly. (influence) 上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中二位对我影响很大。2.（2013山东）Finally he reached a lonely island _from the outside world. (cut) 最后他到达一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。3.（2013新课标I）”You cant judge a book by its cover”, _ . (go)正如古语所说,人不能以貌取人。4. (2012天津)I wish to thank Professor Smith, _I would never have got this far. (help) 我真得感谢史密斯教授。如果没有他的帮助，我就永远不会（在学术上）走这么远的。5. (2012四川)In our class there are 46 students,_ wear glasses. (half) 在我们班上的46个学生当中，一半都带眼镜。6.(2012江苏)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. （need）洪水过后，那个地区的人们忍受着巨大的痛苦，人们迫切需要清洁的水，药品栖身的临时住所。7.(2012福建)The air quality in the city,_ in the report, has improved over the past two months. (show) 正如报告中所写的那样，该城市的空气质量在过去的二个月已经得到了改善。8. This depends on the way_. (treat) 这取决于我们对待他们的方式.9. It was in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _. (do) 他们正在由张教授负责的那个实验室里做实验。10.It was on the shelf _that I found my car keys. How careless I was! (put)就在我放鞋子的地方的架子上我发现了车钥匙，我太粗心了！ 11. (2014湖北)Hes the only student in the class to take part in the Model United Nations conference.(select)他是班上唯一被选上去参加模拟联合国大会的同学。12.I shall never forget the day when Zhengzhou V was lunched, _. (effect )  我将永远不会忘记神舟五号发射的这一天，这对我一生有着重大影响。5