初一英语暑假专题状语从句湘教.doc

初一英语暑假专题：状语从句湘教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：暑假专题：状语从句二. 重、难点内容：状语从句的分类及讲解三. 具体内容：1. 地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。例如：Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。 2 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, just asso, as if, as though引导。1as, just asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在just asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如，“就像，多用于正式文体。例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如清扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛似的，“好似似的。例如： They completely ignore 不顾，不理，无视these facts as if as though they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。He looks as if as though he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。 说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好似很愤怒。3. 原因状语从句 比拟because, since, as和for： 1because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，答复why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。例如： I didnt go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因为我怕。 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。2由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，那么可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如： He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席，因为他病了。 He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。4. 目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。 He wrote the name down for fear thatlest he should forget it. 他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿点衣服，以防天变冷。5. 结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由sothat 或 suchthat引导。sothat与suchthat之间可以转换。例如：The boy is so young that he cant go to school. 这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。 He is such a young boy that he cant go to school6. 条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。 unless = if not. 例如： Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我们去散散步。 If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.典型例题You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. ifD. or 答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否那么你就会迟到的。可转化为 If you dont leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子应为 You leave immediately or you will be late. 7. 让步状语从句 1though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。例如：Although its raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。谚语2as, though 引导的让步状语从句中表语或状语必须提前形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。例如：Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。3even if, even though即使。例如：Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。4whetheror不管都。例如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，这确实是真的。5“no matter +疑问词 或“疑问词+后缀ever。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么，他不在意。替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 错No matter what you say is of no use now. 对Whatever you say is of no use now. 你现在说什么也没用了。Whatever you say是主语从句错Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given. 对Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。8. 比拟while, when, as 1as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如： Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一刹车，有一个人向我走来。2当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 干完活后，你可以休息一下。3从句表示“随时间推移连词能用as，不用when 或while。例如：As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。9. 比拟until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时，动词必须是延续性的。否认形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事。动词为延续性或非延续性。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否认式。肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.否认句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6点才到。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 区别：1until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 2until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。例如： Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？Until next Monday.呆到下周一。注意：否认句可用另外两种句式表示。1Not until在句首，主句用倒装。例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。2It is not untilthat。例如： It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.10. 表示“一就的结构 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示“一就的意思。例如： I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。例如： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.【典型例题】根本型根据A句完成B句，使两句意思一致，每空只填一词：1. A: Jane is a singer. She is also a dancer.B: Jane is _ _ a singer _ _ a dancer.2. A: We should learn from books and we should learn from teachers.B: We should learn _ from books _ from teachers.3. A: His mother cant help him with his lessons, and his father cant, either.B: _ his mother _ his father can help him with his lessons.4. A: Its hard work, but I enjoy it.B: _ its hard work, I enjoy it.5. A: Men cant live without air and water.B: Men will die without air _ water.Keys: 1. not only ; but also 2. both ; and 3. Neither ; nor 4. Though 5. or 6. A: If you stand higher, you will see farther.B: Stand higher, _ _ you will see farther.7. A: If you dont work harder, you will fail in the exam.B: Work harder, _ you wont pass the exam.8. A: How important the meeting is! I cant miss it.B: It is _ _ important meeting _ I cant miss it.9. A: After the mother came back, the boy went to bed.B: The boy _ go to bed _ his mother came back.10. A: Therere many rabbits there. They cant kill them all.B: Therere _ many rabbits there _ they cant kill them all.Keys: 6. so that 7. or 8. such an ; that 9. didnt ; until 10. such ; that 11. A: When I get there, Ill go to see him at once.B: Ill go to see him _ _ _ I get there.12. A: You may stay at home. You may also go out with us.()B: You may _ stay at home _ go out with us.13. A: Mary is the tallest girl in her class.(1999)B: Mary is _ _ any other girl in her class.14. A: Peter draws well. Henry draws well, too.(1999)B: Henry draws _ _ _ Peter.15. A: Mary runs faster than my sister.(1999 )B: My sister doesnt run _ _ _ Mary does.Keys: 11. as soon as 12. either ; or 13. taller than 14. as well as 15. so fast as 16. A: Uncle Wang finished his work. He went home.B: Uncle Wang _ go home _ he finished his work.17. A: Lucy has been away from the USA for 5 years.()B: Its 5 years _ she _ the USA.18. A: “Does the girl need any help? he asked me.( )B: He asked me _ the girl _ some help.19. A: Mrs. Smith is my teacher. She is also my good friend.B: Mrs. Smith is _ _ my teacher _ _ my good friend.20. A: “Nanjing has changed a lot these years. “Thats right.B: “Nanjing has changed a lot these years. “_ it _.Keys: 16. didnt ; until 17. since ; left 18. if ; needed 19. not only ; but also 20. So ; has 提高型1. They didnt start the work _ their teacher came back.A. until B. while C. as soon asD. if2. The dictionary cost me too much, _ its really useful.A. and B. so C. but D. or3. Carl, are you interested in swimming?Yes, _ Im not good at it at all.A. so B. and C. or D. but4. Youll be late _ you dont get up early tomorrow morning.A. if B. when C. before D. until5. Id like to change this pair of trousers, _ give me my money back. (99)A. so B. or C. but D. andKeys: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A6. Alice wanted to know _ her grandmother liked the bag.A. that B. if C. which D. what7. Mr John has worked in that small town _ he left Canada in 1998. (98)A. when B. after C. for D. since8. That was our first lesson, _ she didnt know all our names.A. for B. but C. so D. or 9. _ Saturday _ Sunday is OK. Ill be free in these two days.A. Either or B. Neither nor C. Both, and D. One, the other10. Please come _ have dinner with us. (1998)A. or B. but C. and D. so Keys: 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C【模拟试题】答题时间：40分钟I. 填入适当的引导词 1. I havent heard from him _ he went to America.2. He wont be here _ he is invited.3. He will not go to the cinema _ he is very busy.4. We found the key _ she had left it.5. We found the books two days _ he had gone away.6. We had no sooner got to the station _ the train left.7. He speaks English _ he were an Englishman.8. He is explaining clearly _ they could understand.9. Do not leave the room _ you have finished the test.10. She sang _ she went along.II. 改错1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can.2. Since her husband had died，so she had to support her family.3. He wont go out until his mother will come.4. He was very foolish that he didnt pass such an easy exam.5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.6. It was three months since he came to our school.7. The playground of our school is larger than their school.8. The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai.9. Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.10. She sings songs as if she is a bird.III. 找出从句并指出是哪类从句1. It depends on whether we have enough time.2. The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored.3. The mountain is no longer what it used to be.4. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.5. He was not the man that he was before.6. Now you was free，why not go swimming with us？7. Where there are schools and colleges，there are examinations.8. Bad habits，once firmed，are difficult to give up.9. She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does.10. The moment he opened the window，a bird flew in.IV. 填入适当的引导词完成句子1. _ will do the experiment comes to the professors office.2. _ will do the experiment hasnt been decided.3. The teacher didnt leave _ twelve oclock.4. _ the day went on，the weather got worse.5. _ she is young，she knows quite a lot.6. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.7. You will be late _ you leave immediately.8. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it.9. _ is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.10. _ had I entered the room _ the phone rang.V. 改错1. Is this the watch for which he is looking now？2. This is all which I can do for you.3. Do you know the old man at the back of the room，whom has been chosen head of the factory.4. I want to know the way which you learn new words.5. Can you tell me that theres a bookstore near here？6. Our school quite different from that it was before.7. If she likes the present is not clear to me.8. For she is ill，she hasnt come to school.9. It gave him so a big shock that his face turned pale.10. He is cleverer than any boy in his class.【试题答案】I、1. since2. unless3. because4. where5. after6. than7. as if8. so that 9. before10. asII、1. can 改为could 2. 去掉so 3. will come改为 comes 4. very改为 so 5. as soon as 改为when6. was 改为is 7. than 之后加上that of 8. than 后加 those in 9. whatever改为 wherever 10. is改为 wereIII、1. whether we have enough time 介词宾语从句2. he asked 定语从句 where the electrical equipment should be stored表语从句3. what it used to be 表语从句4. that she works hard 同位语从句5. that he was before 定语从句6. Now you was free 让步状语从句 now= now that7. Where there are schools and colleges 地点状语从句8. once firmed 时间状语从句9. as her twin sister does 定语从句10. The moment he opened the window 时间状语从句IV、1. Whoever 2. Who 3. until4. As 5. Although 6. that7. unless 8. where 9. As10. Hardly，when No sooner，thanV、1. for 放在looking 之后2. which 改为 that3. whom 改为who4. which改为 how 5. that改为 whether 6. that 改为what 7. If改为 Whether 8. For改为Because 9. so改为 such 10.any 后加other