雅思作文作品写作技巧窍门与注意事项.doc

.-雅思小作文技巧与注意事项 1。试卷发下后，请花半分钟的时间来浏览作文的题目，这里包括议论文在内。2。此后，请看第一部分的题目，明确以下几点 1）属于什么题型的图表，是一个曲线图，一个饼图，一表格，一个流程图还是一个物体以及其他类型的图表 2） 是一幅图还是两幅或者是以上的图 3）时间、字数以及其他的要求3。用5分钟的时间分析并形成以下的内容 1）注意不同类型图表的技巧（包括时态、语态、关键描述词语与句型） 2）划出并分析题目中的关键内容，分析图表中的关键特征点（依据各种图表的特点来决定） 3）考虑结构（开头引言，描述特征，可能总结）注意以下 开头不能与文章已经给出的东西一样，用自己语言表达； 描述关键以及有代表性的点或者是趋势； 在语法与句法正确的基础上，力求用不同的句型组合（如简单句，复合句，定语/表语/宾语/非谓语从句），用近意词语；正确表达文章所给信息；在可能的情况下做简单的总结；不要发表有个人或者是评论性的句子；标点符号，单词的拼写应该正确；4。书写的时候注意流利与工整，采用现代式的书写格式5。留有时间检查，保持卷面的整洁技巧性套句（仅供参考）a、开头句型(用简单的句子给出尽可能多的信息WHEN，WHAT，WHERE，有特色。)一般有两种，一种是主动一种是被动。1)The chart/graph/table/diagram/process (show,reveal,illustrate,demonstrate,depict,describe,indicate) 2)According to/As can be seen from/As shown in/It is clear/apparent from/It can be seen fromb、结尾句型（如果没有可以充分说的，可以不用结尾。结尾不要节外生枝。最好不要出现很明显有结尾特征的词语“in conclusion”）c、中间关键句型要注意认真审查题目，弄清楚要描述的数据究竟代表什么，单位是什么，用什么方式表达。OBJECT （描述物体）注意点：要明确以一定的顺序来写。从左到右或者是从上到下，从内到外（根据物体自己的特点）等等。把题目中给出的部件详细描述。（如202的自行车）句型：介绍功能 The illustration is of a _ which is designed to (do something) 说明构成部分 A _ is made up of /consists of/comprises How many ?A number of parts/sections 描述各个部件功能 不要用you ,one 可以用 we, the operator (单数个体) First , (the cyclist) puts his or her _on the _ 要有一定的顺序，不要将每个部分单独写出，应该将能够合并的一起结合，注意用以下句型（被动态，定语从句，非谓语动词） 要用关联词PIE CHART （饼图）注意点：1）文字中要表达出总量与分量的关系，在两个以上的PIE中，要注意各个PIE间的比较 2）数据究竟代表什么应清楚语言点：1）percentage / proportion 2) (v.) make up/ constitute / account for 3) the biggest difference between 2 group(A+B) is in ,where A makes up 5% while B constitutes 67% the highest percentage of A, which was approximately 12% the percentage of A in .is more than twice that of B,the ratio is 67% to 45%($% compared to $%) in,while a greater percentage of A than B are found in. (the former is $% and the latter is $%) there are more A in,reaching $%,compared with $% of B A , which used to be the.,has become less important, which declined(increased) sharply from $% in 1978 to only $% in 1998. The biggest loss was to某区域.The biggest gains in A were made by 某区域.FLOW CHART (曲线图)注意点：1）抓住“变化”和“趋势” 2）有两种情况其一是在不同时间段内的数据比较，另外是单独数据的全程描述。前者适合于数据代表的物体较少且时间界限明确的情况下，后者适合于描述数据对象很多且时间划定不清晰。当然依据考试中的题目来决定。 语言点：1）变化状态幅度词(要依据描述的情况决定) 轻微-slightly, slowly(速度), steadily(平缓) 逐渐-gradually 显著-significantly , markedly 急剧-rapidly , dramatically , abruptly ,sharply 突然-suddenly 趋势-trend inclination tendacy 2）变量幅度词语增加-increase, jump ,go up ,rise, climb , ascend , level up ,surge,减少-decrease, drop ,go down ,fall,- , descend, level down , 水平-keep/stay/remain/maintain stable ,-steady ,be similarto ,there is little/hardly any/no change最高-reach a highest point/the top/the summit/the peak/the most/peak in,at最低-reach a lowest point/the bottom/rock/hit a trough /bottom out交叉-correspond with in -year; - crossing the line for - 3) 时间幅度词语During the period 19701999 ; From 1970 to 1999 ; Since the early 1970s ; In 1970-then in 1980-ten years later 4)基本句型There was变化趋势in the number of A from 1986-1990(over next.yeas) ,which was followed by 变化趋势and then变化趋势 until 1998 when there was变化趋势 for the next .yearsFrom 1990 onwards, there was变化趋势 in the number of A which then 变化趋势 at $% in 1994.In 1990,the number reached (was) $%,but 30 years later there was变化趋势.After 变化趋势 fromto ,A begin 变化趋势 over the next.years. The number of increased rapidly from 1988 to 1990 during the five-year period There was a rapid increase from 1988 to 1990 during the five-year period A has almost/nearly/about/over a quarter/half/twice/one third /as many students as/as much money as /B; A has about/approximately/exactly/precisely the same number/proportion/amount of students/money as.It has reached something of a plateau,X percent/an average of X percent in the past few years in 1998.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998.the percentage of.is sightly larger/smaller than that of.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of.decreased year by year while.in 雅思作文写作技巧与注意事项(2)-议论文一、议论文注意事项1。开头必须直接明了，不需要对背景做介绍（或者简单介绍），然后直接列出题目的观点用你自己的观点来对比（即平常说的“thesis statement”）2。结尾不能太长，必须是对“thesis statement”以及每段的SUMMARY做概括3。雅思的议论文，必须是先列出题目观点即你自己反对的观点，然后再提出你的观点，而不是单一观点的陈列。4。每一个段落只表达一个问题或者是观点而且必须有主题句，而其后的句子必须与此主题句子相关，是比较，是论证，是举例，无论如何都要围绕中心来写。在每一段的结尾必须有引入下一段的过度性句子。你必须保证你所写的每一句话都与中心有关系，而不是凭借感觉的乱写5。文章的主题句必须在第一段出现，或是支持或者是赞同，或者是站在中立的角度6。认真分析题目，划出重点以及题目潜在的意思，并进行分析7。评分项目 CQ 交流技巧 AIE讨论、论点和论据 VSS 词汇与句型谈交流技巧以及其应用请使用关联词(但重复使用会扣分)，即比较常用的来增加文章的连贯性如：比较性 however but although,nevertheless 重要性 in fact indeed 总结性otherwise as a result because of this as a consequence therefore 例子性 including such as for instance 增加性 moreover in addition and also as well 时间性 between during when just after before until following whilst 请注意语法 表达将来，请不要用标准的将来时用语如will/ going to 要用 It can be argued that - It is often argued that - This suggests that This would suggest that This seems to suggest that It could potentially result in - It may result in It is possible that 请使用代词 如-nuclear energy 后面提到时候要用it.its 二、图表作文注意事项1。开头除了包括我们以前练习作文时所说的介绍，还要加入what you would expect to find （即一眼就能够看出来的整体趋势），还要写出我们所能真正找到的如 the chart shows average earnings in the uk over a 30 yers period -we would expect to find that a person-however-2.结尾除了回应文章外，还要把最关键的点或者是最明显的变化提出来如while peoplkes earnings increased accoring to their level of education ,the differences are far smaller than would be expected .What is more interesting , however ,is, that the increase in earnings among =-雅思作文写作技巧与注意事项(3)-大作文在着手写文章之前，应该提醒自己注意下面几点）句子与词语的正确用法。这是最基本的一点。这里包括单字的正确拼写、词语在特定句子中的正确应用、正确的句子模式。注意：千万不要在文章中出现中国式的英语。这就要求在构思的时候不要用中文进行思考，写的时候要仔细斟酌文章的语句。）句子的多样化。这点的实现必须在句子与词语的正确上来实现。句子的多样化是体现一个人英语语言水平的关键也是使文章获得高分的重点。如非谓语从句、定语从句、宾语从句等，以及简单句、复杂句的综合使用。）标点的正确使用文章的整体风格与气氛。作为考官或者是阅读你文章的人，在第一次接触到你文章时就可以感受到文章的特点与风格，或者活泼或者呆板，而依据模板写的文章很难做到活泼或者是吸引读者。保持书写的工整性与字迹常见错误提醒一 不一致（disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等例 when one have money ,he can do what he want to .(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么)剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致改为：once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) 二 修饰语错位（misplaced modifiers）英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解例 i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末三 句子不完整（sentence fragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生例 there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .剖析：本句后半部分for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句改为：there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper.四 悬垂修饰语（dangling modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了改为：when i was ten, my grandfather died.例 to do well in college, good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚改为：to do well in college, a student needs good grades.五 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等例 none can negative the importance of money.剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。改为：none can deny the importance of money.六 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：we can also know society by serving it ourselves.七 不间断句子(run-on sentences)什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。例 there are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world八 措词毛病(troubles in diction)diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例 the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。改为：the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.九 累赘(redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him.本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：in spite of his laziness, i like him.例 for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。改为：diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.十 不连贯(incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。例 the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 剖析：the fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。it 与things 在数方面不一致。常见联词表层进first, firstly to begin with/second, secondly to start with/third, thirdly whats more/also and then/and equally important/besides in addition/further in the first place/still furthermorelast but not the least/next besides/too moreover/finally 表举例for example for instance/to illustrate as an illustration/after all/表解释/as a matter of fact/frankly speaking/in this case namely/in other words 表总结in summary in a word/in brief in conclusion/to conclude in fact/indeed in short/in other words /of course/it is true specially/namely in all/that is to summarize/thus as has been said/altogether in other words/finally in simpler terms/in particular that is/on the whole to put it differently/therefore 表强调of course indeed/above all most important/emphasis certainly in fact 表让步still nevertheless/in spite of all the same/even so after all/concession granted naturally/of course 表比较in comparison likewise/similarly equally/however likewise/in the same way/表转折by contrast although/e same time but/in contrast nevertheless/notwithstanding on the contraryon the other hand otherwise/regardless still/though yet/despite the fact that even so/even though for all that/however in spite of/instead 表时间after a while afterward/again also/and then as long as/at last at length/at that time before/besides earlier/eventually finally/formerly further/furthermore in addition/in the first place in the past/last lately/meanwhile moreover/next now/presently second/shortly simultaneously/since so far/soon still/subsequently then/thereafter too/until until now/when