高一英语概要写作材料选编.doc

,. 高一英语故事续写训练（1）Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.One possible version：People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. (要点 4)【范文点拨】(一)要点分析1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards dirt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on the skin. 范文中的要点1“People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. ”概括非常精炼。2第二段主要谈到了在16世纪，人们认为dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，尤以英、法两国的贵族为代表。结合第三段第一句Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18 century.可知，直到18世纪之前，人们都认为dirt是很“友好的”，有助于预防疾病。范文中的要点2 “For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.”很好地总结了这些要点。3. 第三段用Though引出人们对dirt观点的转变“since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.”再结合本段最后一部分Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea可得出要点3“However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.”4. 文章最后一段第一句指出，现在人们对于dirt的态度还是有所不同，On the contrary引出专家的观点，一位免疫学家认为dirt有助于增强免疫系统。这一观点获得了一些支持。范文中的要点4“However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.”表达很恰切。(二) 要点连接文章概要，在写完了要点之后，下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进行连接，使上下句之间具有连贯性。本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构，要点2和要点3在观点上截然相反，因此，之间需要表示转折的连接词，范文用了However恰到好处。要点3和要点4在观点上又存在不同，因此，还是用表转折的连接词However。不过小编认为，此处用Nevertheless可以避免三句话内出现两次However。(三) 关键词汇第一段：fixed (确定的；不变的) 第二段：means (手段，方法), block out (挡住), open up (打开), upon (之后；立即) 第三段：long-lived (长期存在的), sell the idea (说服某人接收某个观点) 第四段：warn off (警告某人不要靠近), position (观点), gain some ground (取得优势)以上这些关键词对于整篇文章的理解与转化成自己的语言都很关键，如果不能准确领会其用意，语篇理解的效果会大打折扣。所以，概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，形成概要。读后续写训练六篇：一、读后续写（25分）A farmer grew some vegetables in his garden. One day his wife was ill and he had no money. He had to sell some cabbages and carrots in the market. The next morning he took two baskets of vegetables to town. But it was raining hard that afternoon and there were few people in the street. When his vegetables were sold out, it was dark. He bought some medicine and hurried to his village. On his way home he saw a person lyingon the snow. He placed his baskets on the ground and was going to help the person to get up. At that time he found it was a dead man and there was much blood on his body. He was soafraidthat heran awayquickly, without taking the baskets with him.The next afternoon the farmer was sent tothe police station. Having shown the baskets, an officer asked, “Are these yours” “Yes, sir.” the farmer answered timidly（胆怯地）. “Have youkilled the man” “No, no, sir.” the farmer said in a hurry. “When did you see the dead man” “About seven last evening.” “Did you see who killed the man” “No, sir.” The officer brought out a knife and asked, “Have you seen it yet” “No, sir.” The officer becameangryand told the policemen tobeat him upand sent him into prison. the officer wanted to trap the farmer into the confession(供认), but the farmer didnt admit he was the murderer.注意：1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1:The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again.The farmer was lucky .A few days later,参考范文:Paragraph 1The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again.The farmer was very afraid, he thought he would be sentenced to death by killing people, but he didnt, he was innocent. He must tell people the truth, but no one could hear his voice. he hoped that someone could come and save him.Paragraph 2The farmer was lucky .A few days later,a young man came to the police station with a lot of journalists, saying that he saw the murderer.It was the police officer who killed the man on the snow!He saw the police office used a knife killing the man late in the evening. he was so frightened and ran away. But the young man thought the farmer was innocent.So he took the great courage to expose the real criminal.After the investigation, the young man was right.The police officer was sent into prison and the policeman who beat up the farmer was fired, and the brave young man was regarded as the hero by the villagers二、读后续写（25分）I was responding to a call from a small brickflatin a quiet part of town. I assumed I was being sent to pick up someparty-goers，or someone who had just had a fight with a lover，or a worker heading to an early shift at some factory for the industrial part of town.When I arrived at 2：30 a.m.，thebuildingwas dark except for a single light in a ground floor window. Under such circumstances，manydriversjust honk（按喇叭）once or twice，wait a minute，then drive away. But I had seen too manyweakpeople who depended on taxis as their only means of transportation.Unless a situation smelled of danger，I always went to thedoor.This passenger might be someone who needsmy assistance，I reasoned to myself. So I walked to the door and knocked. “Just a minute，” answered a frail，elderly voice. I could hear something being dragged across the floor. After a long pause，the door opened.A small womanin her 80s stood before me. She was wearing a print dress and a pillbox hat，like somebody out of a 1940s movie. By her side was a small nylon suitcase.The apartment looked as if no one had lived in it for years. All the furniture was covered with sheets. There were no clocks on the walls，noequipmenton the counters. In the corner was a cardboard box filled with photos and glassware.“Would you carry my bag out to the car？” she said. I tookthe suitcaseto the cab，then returned to assist the woman. She took my arm，and we walked slowly toward the cab.She kept thanking me for my kindness. “Its nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”注意：1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1:Having given me anaddress, a hospice , she asked.“Could you drive through downtown?”Paragraph 2: we drove in silence to the address she had given me , and it参考范文：Paragraph 1:Having given me anaddress, a hospice , she asked.“Could you drive through downtown?”Asked why we didnt take the shortest way, thesmall womantold me it was the last chance for her to visit the city.We drove through the neighborhood where she and her husband had lived. Besides, she asked me to slow in front of a particularbuildingor corner and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing. At last, she said she was tired and wanted to go to the hospice.Paragraph 2:we drove in silence to the address she had given me , and itwasa low building,where the old lady would live the rest of her life. Two nurses who must have been expecting her came out tothe cabas soon as we pulled up. I opened the trunk and tookthe suitcaseto the door and the woman was already seated in a wheelchair.When she asked how much she owed me, without thinking, I said nothing and bent to give her a bug . It wasmy assistance that helped one ofweak peoplerealize her wish.三、读后续写（25分）My fiance (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds werelimited, and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.One agentrecommendeda house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price wasbeyondour range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a lookat least.We finally did and it wasloveat first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth andhappinessof the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming ofwhatit would be like to live there.Days later, we made a(n)offerfar below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didntlaugh atus. They renewed their offerinstead. It was also much more than we could afford, but farlessthan the original asking price.The next day, we got adisappointingmessage that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with theownersdirectly. We made our final offer, whichstillwas thousands of dollars less than the other buyers bid. We knew it,butwe had to try.Nobody knew if we could get it.注意：1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1:Paragraph 2:参考范文：Paragraph 1We went to the ownershome after we made our final offer,the other buyer came to visit the owners, he said the price he offered was much higher than ours, he begged the owners to sell it to him, then the owner asked the buyer, “why do you want this house?” the buyer said ,”because it is near the city, I want to buy it for investment. I can rent it to earn money”the owner thought for a while and then looked at him and said, Im sorry, sir, I cant sell my house to you, because I am looking for someone who truly loves my house, not just for money.”Paragraph 2:The owner looked at us and said,“I want to sell my house to you!”then he explained:Hed seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that wedappreciatethe years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take alossby selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider thedifferencein the price “an early wedding present.”Thats how we found our home and how I learned that when people arekindthey are not strangers, only friends we havent yet met.四、读后续写（25分）A friend of mine,named Jack,received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Jack came out of his office, a street urchin(顽童)was walking around the shining car.“Is this your car, sir?”he asked.Jack answered,“Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.”The boy was surprised. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it did cost you nothing? Sir, I wish”He hesitated(犹豫),Jack thought of course he knew what the boy wanted, but what the boy said surprised him greatly.“I wish,” the boy went on,“that I could be a brother like that.”Jack looked at the boy in surprise, and then he said again,“Would you like to take a ride in my car?”“Oh yes, Idlove to ,”the boy answered.After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said,“Si