初二上语法总复习.ppt

U1-Grammar P7-8some肯定肯定和和 any否定否定/疑问疑问+ 可数名词复数可数名词复数/ 不可数名词不可数名词somebody, anybody和和nobody 不定代词不定代词some和和any意思都是意思都是“一些一些”。都可以用来。都可以用来修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词和和可数名词的复数可数名词的复数。具体用法具体用法如下：如下：（1）some一般用于肯定句中一般用于肯定句中如：如：There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里杯子里有一些牛奶。有一些牛奶。（2）any一般用于否定句和疑问句中一般用于否定句和疑问句中如：如：Do you have any friends here? 你在这你在这里有朋友吗？里有朋友吗？（3）some有时也用于疑问句中，但一般表有时也用于疑问句中，但一般表示征求对方意见并希望得到肯定的回答，示征求对方意见并希望得到肯定的回答，或者是提建议。或者是提建议。如：如：Why not have some milk? 为什么不喝点牛奶呢？为什么不喝点牛奶呢？some和和any意思都是意思都是“一些一些”。都可以用来。都可以用来修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词和和可数名词的复数可数名词的复数。具体用法具体用法如下：如下：（4）any 用在有用在有hardly几乎不几乎不, never从不从不, seldom极少极少(具有否定意义的词）的肯定句具有否定意义的词）的肯定句中中1. -Did you see _ in the classroom? -No, I saw _ in the classroom. A. someoneanybody B. anyonenobody C. someonesomebody D. anyoneanybody 2. There is not _ in the box. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. anybody 3. Would you like _ coffee? A. any B. no C. some D. somethingBCC4. -Is _ here? -Yes, I am here. A. anybody B. some C. everybody D. nobody 5. I knocked on the door but _answered. A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. someone6. There was not _in the room, so the thief stole all the money there easily. A. no one B. nobody C. anybody D. something7. Somebody _ singing in the room.A. are B. is C. be D. amABCB8. -Do you have _ to say? -No, I dont. A. anything B. anyone C. nothing D. someone9. I couldnt meet_on the island, so I had no one to talk with. A. nothing B. anybody C. something D. nobody10. Peter, would you like_cookies? Yes, Mom. I am hungry. A. any B. anything C. something D. someABD U2-Grammar P25基数词和序数词基数词和序数词加减乘除加减乘除写出基数词1-10序数词第1-第10one twothreefourfivesix seven eightninetenfirst second thirdfourth fifthsixth seventh eighth ninthtenth3 plus 9 equals/is12. (3+9=12)9 minus 3 equals/is 6. (9-3=6 )3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 27. (3x9=27)9 divided by 3 equals/is 3. (93=3)Add 3 and 9. (3+9)Subtract 3 from 9.(9-3) Multiply 3 by 9. (3x9)Divide 9 by 3. (93)Things to rememberThings to rememberPlus and minus are prepositions.U3-Grammar形容词比较级和最高级形容词比较级和最高级Summary 原形比较级最高级talltallertallestnicenicernicestbigbiggerbiggesteasyeasiereasiestclevercleverercleverest单单音音节词节词和少数双音和少数双音节词节词尾加尾加er/est变为变为比比较级较级/最高最高级级Summary 原形比较级最高级interestingmore interestingmost interestingcarefulmore careful most carefulslowlymore slowly most slowly多音多音节词节词和一些双音和一些双音节节在在词词前加前加more/most变为变为比比较级较级/最高最高级级拓展拓展 1. A is + adj.+er +than B .(两者）两者）Jim is taller than Mike. 2. 比较级前面可以有比较级前面可以有much,a little, a lot, even等修饰语等修饰语Jim is much taller than Mike. 3.数量数量+比较级比较级+thanJim is 10cm taller than Mike.拓展拓展 4.比较级比较级+比较级，表示比较级，表示 “越来越越来越” hotter and hotter more and more beautiful 5. the+比较级，比较级，the+比较级比较级 表示表示 “越越就越就越” The harder you work, the better you will be. 1. A is the adj.+est of / in .（三者或（三者或三者以上）三者以上） Jim is the tallest boy in Class 3. = Jim is taller than the other boys in Class 3. = Jim is taller than any other boy in Class 3.拓展拓展 2. the + 序数词序数词 + 形容词最高级形容词最高级 + 名词名词 + in/of 表示表示“第几最第几最” Mike is the second tallest boy in Class 3. 3. one of + the+形容词最高级形容词最高级+名词复名词复数数+in/of 表示表示“最最之一之一” Jim is one of the tallest boys in Class 3.拓展拓展 U4-Grammargood, bad, far的比较级和的比较级和最高级最高级asas 的用法的用法Summary 原形比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastold 年长的，年长的，老的，旧的老的，旧的olderoldestold 年长年长的的eldereldestfar 远的远的fartherfarthestfar 更加更加furtherfurthest 1. as as 中间用原级；肯定，否定中间用原级；肯定，否定 No one is as tall as Lucy in the class. 2. 否定：否定：not asas not so as The weather is not as cold as yesterday. The weather is not so cold as yesterday.拓展拓展 U5-6 Grammar现在完成时现在完成时 already, yet, ever, never, since for, so far, just现在完成时和一般过去时的现在完成时和一般过去时的区别区别 ago, yesterday结构：结构：have/ has + Vpp过去分词过去分词肯定句：肯定句：already 已经已经否定否定/疑问句（句末）疑问句（句末）yet 还没还没疑问句（句中）疑问句（句中）ever 曾经曾经肯定句中表示否定：肯定句中表示否定：never 从不从不 如：如：for + 一段时间，一段时间， since +时间点，时间点， since +一段时间一段时间+ ago， since + 从句从句(从句用一般过去时从句用一般过去时)。1)I have taught in this school for 5 years.2)His father has worked in that factory since 1991. have / has been to , have / has been in 与与have / has gone to 的区别的区别:have / has been to表示表示“去过去过(某地某地)” ，人已回来，是说话以前的动作。人已回来，是说话以前的动作。have / has been in表示表示“在某地有一段时在某地有一段时间，并且仍在某地间，并且仍在某地” 。have / has gone to表示表示“已去某地已去某地”, 人已人已离开离开, 不在说话现场不在说话现场, 所以这一结构只用所以这一结构只用于第三人称于第三人称(he , she, they,人名人名)。选择填空选择填空:1.We _ each other since 1980. A. know B. knew C. have knew D. have known2. My aunt _ a letter from my brother just now. A. received B. receive C. receives D. has received3. -Have you ever been to England? -Yes, I _ last spring.A. was B. have been C. have gone D. wentDAD4.It is three years since we _ last. A. meet B. have met C. met D. meted5.I _ from him for a long time. When _ you _ his letter last time? A. didnt hear, did, receive B. havent heard, have, received C. didnt hear, have, received D. havent heard, did, receiveCD6.We _ that house in 1990. We _ there for over ten years. A. built, lived B. built, have lived C. have built, have lived D. have built, lived7. My uncle _ the Party in 1978. He _ for over 16 years. A. joinedhas joined the Party B. joinedhas been a Party member C. has joinedhas been the Party D. has joinedhas been in the PartyBB8. Peter _ the bicycle for half a year. A. had had B. has bought C. has had D. bought9. -Has the film already begun? -Yes, it _ for five minutes. A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. was on10. Peters mother _ three years ago. She _ for three years. A. died, died B. has died, has died C. died, has died D. died, has been deadCBDU7 GrammarIf 从句从句 现在完成时和一般过去时的现在完成时和一般过去时的区别区别 ago, yesterday If If you put salt into water, it you put salt into water, it disappears.disappears. 从现从现主现主现