高中英语必修---知识点总结.docx

精品名师归纳总结高中英语必修 2（北师大版） Unit 4 Cyberspace学问点总结一、重点词汇词义辨析： likely/possible/probable三者都可以表示“可能的”, possible可能性最小, probable可能性最大, 但用法不同。主语用法likely人/ 物/itsb. be likely to do sth.It is likely + that从句possibleitIt is possible for sb. to do sth.It is possible +that从句probableitIt is probable +that从句因此,“我们学英语时可能会犯错”可以表述为：We are likely to make mistakes when learning English.=It is likely/possible/probable that we make mistakes when learning English.=It is possible for us to make mistakes when learning English.词义辨析： affect/effect/influence这些动词均含 “影响 ”之意,但在词性和意义上有差别。词性意义affectvt.主要指一时的影响。effectn. （可数或不行数）主要指一时的影响, have an effecton 意为“对 有影响”。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结influencevt.& n. （通常不行数,但有时可连用不定冠词）主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响, have an influence on意为“对 有影响”。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Both diet and exercise affect blood pressure.饮食和运动都对血压有影响。What you read has an influence on your thinking.你读的东西对你的思想有影响。词义辨析： as well as/as well可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结二者都表示“也”,但在词性上有差别。含义词性as well as“也”, “不仅 而且” 连词as well“也”副词,大致相当于 also或 tooShe is my friend as well as my doctor. 他不仅是我的医生,也是我的伴侣。He can speak Chinese as well.他也会说中文。词义辨析： be known for/be known as/be known to三者的含义不同,详细区分如下：含义介词后的搭配be known as作为 而出名as 后接表示主语身份的词be known for因 而出名for 后接表示特点、品质之类的词be known to为 所知的to 后接表示人的名词或代词George is known as a successful banker.乔治作为胜利的银行家而出名。 Guilin is known for its beautiful scenery. 桂林因风景美丽而著名。She is known to everyone in the college.他在学院里人人皆知。average ： adj.平均的,一般的 n.平均数1. on average：平均,平均来说2. over/below average：高于 / 低于平均值How long do you spend on-line on average each time.你每次平均上网是多少 .Her brother is above average in his reading ability.他的阅读才能在平均水平以上。focus on sth.：集中留意力在某事The noise made it hard for me to focus on work.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结噪音让我无法集中留意力工作。in chaos：纷乱不堪After the failure of the electricity supplies, the city was in chaos.电力供应中断,城市陷于纷乱之中。fancy doing sth.：想做某事,喜爱做某事I dont fancy going home alone at night.我不喜爱晚上一个人回家。be located +介词：坐落于 The new college will be located in the suburbs.这所新建的学院将设在郊区.Their factory is located at the foot of the mountain.他们的工厂坐落在山脚下。do harm to sb./sth.：对 有害Excessive drinking did harm to his health. 过量饮酒损害了他的健康。as if：似乎1. as if=as though,可在 look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句。He looked as if / though he was ill.他看起来似乎生病了。2. as if可引导方式状语从句。I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday.我记得整个事情,就似乎它是发生在昨天一样。touch词组1. get in touch with sb.：与某人取得联系2. keep/stay in touch with sb.：与某人保持联系3. lose touch with sb.：与某人失去联系Do write to me as often as you can. I don't want to lose touch with you.多多写信给我,我不期望与你失去联系。be up to1. be up to sth：做,从事于,胜任John was dismissed, because he was not up to the task.约翰被解雇了,由于他不胜任这份工作。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. be up to sb.：由某人打算 It s up to you to decide where to go.去哪儿由你打算。in the flesh：本人I have corresponded with him for some years, but I have never met him in the flesh.我已和他通信联系好几年了,但始终未与他本人见过面。一词多义： view n.景色。观点 vt.观看。看待In your view, who is right for the job.在你看来,谁适合这份工作？（in one s view ：在 看来） We can view the problem in many ways.（view ：看待） 我们可以从多方面来考虑这些问题。一词多义： hang on1. （电话用语）别挂断Hang on a minute while I look it up.电话别挂断,我查一下。2. （面对困难或阻力）坚持不懈,不泄气It's hard work but if you hang on you'll succeed in the end.这是件困难的工作,但如你坚持不渝,最终是能胜利的。阅读必备词汇conceptn.观念。概念chartn.图。图表artificialadj.虚假的。人造的。人为的climate n.气候globaladj.全球的global warming全球变暖virtualadj. （通过运算机软件）模拟的,虚拟的reality n.现实。事实virusn.病毒 rapidlyadv.快速的growthn.增加。成长pessimistic adj.悲观（主义）的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结crimen.罪行。犯罪hackern.黑客 terrorist n.恐惧主义者attack n.&vt.突击chaos n.纷乱,杂乱,紊乱crashn.&vi.&vt.撞车。碰撞。倒闭。崩溃optimisticadj.乐观（主义）的entertainment n.消遣disappear vi.不见。消逝obvious adj.明显的,显而易见的destructionn.毁坏military adj.军事的,军用的scientificadj.科学的nuclear adj.原子能的 project n.课题。方案。工程rejectvt.拒绝 arrangementn.支配destinationn.目的的flesh n.肉,肉体historicaladj.历史的pack vt.打包dipvt.浸tourismn.旅行业guiden.指南。导游vt.指导settlevi.定居settlementn.定居的central adj.中心的regular adj.定期的,规章的location n.位置,场所material n.材料可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结officiallyadv.正式的scenery n.景色 attractive adj.吸引人的come true（理想等）实现二、重点句型In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet; now there are around 50 million and this growth is clearly going to continue.解析 ：本句是由分号连接的两句话, 其次句话为 and 连接的并列句, 第一句话中过去分词 connected to the Internet做后置定语,修饰computers 。翻译： 1983 年,只有 200 台运算机联网,现在有大约5000 万并且仍在连续增长。拓展：过去分词作定语,在语态上,表被动。在时间上,表示动作已经发生或完成。也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情形,一般作前置定语,它不表示被动意义,只表示主动意义,强调动作完成。如：fallen leaves落叶 retired workers退休工人the risen sun升起的太阳“In the next few years,”says Angela Rossetto of Cyberia magazine,“it is clearthat weare going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet. "解析：本句的直接引语中采纳了主语从句,it做形式主语, that引导主语从句。这种句型可以表达为： It is +adj.+that从句。翻译：网络世界杂志的安吉拉.罗塞托说： “明显,将来几年中我们会看到网上购物迅猛进展。”拓展： it做形式主语的句型仍有：1. It is+n. +that2. It is+v-ed +thatShe alsobelievesthat,inthe future,we willgetentertainmentfromthe Net and thattelevision will probably disappear.解析：本句主句为： she also believes.,后接 and 连接的两个宾语从句,其次个宾语从句不能省略that 。在通常情况下, 引导宾语从句的连词that是可以省略的 （通常只含有一个宾语从句）。但是以下三种特别情形下,that不能可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结省略。1. that引导的宾语从句置于句首时,that不能省略。2. 当 that从句被其他词或从句隔开时,that一般不宜省略,以免造成语义纷乱。3. 当两个或多个 that引导的宾语从句并列使用时,即使省略了第一个从句的引导词that ,后面的 that也不行省略。翻译：她仍认为将来我们会再网上进行消遣活动,而且电视可能会消逝。Cathy, do you mean well use the computer to travel around the world, entering andexiting countries in seconds and visiting all the historical sites.解析：本句中主句为： do you mean. ,后接宾语从句, 从句中现在分词 “enteringand exitingcountries inseconds and visiting all the historical sites”做相伴状语,与句子主语之间是主动关系。翻译：凯西,你的意思是我们将用电脑周游世界,几秒钟内进出各国,并参观全部的历史名迹？We would not only be able to travel around the world, but also go to studyin anyworld famous universities we wanted to go.解析：本句中 not only but also 连接两个谓语动词,同时we wanted to go 为定语从句修饰 any world famousuniversities,省略引导词 that 。not only. but also.在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分,also可以省略。翻译：我们不仅能周游世界,仍能去任何想去的名校学习。But I still find it hard to imagine.解析：本句中 it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为动词不定式,可以总结为句型：findit+adj.+ to do sth , 意为：发觉某事是 的。翻译：但是我仍是发觉很难想象。拓展：it做形式宾语的句型归纳为：“动词 +it+ 宾语补足语 +不定式（动名词或从句） ”的结构,动词通常是： think,believe, make, find, consider, feel, take,宾补通常为形容词和名词。如：We think it important to learn a foreign language.我们认为学外语很重要。They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.他们发觉两天完成工作很难。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结三、重点语法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结will与 be going to的区分：willbe going to可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结表示估计,揣想依据直觉,体会或学问等依据观看到的迹象,证据等可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结表将要暂时打算提前方案,支配,准备估计,揣想：I think itwillbe rainy tomorrow.我认为明天有雨。Look at the clouds; its going torain.看看这些云,又要下雨了。表示 “将要”：1. -“Kate is in hospital.”-“Oh, really, I didn't know. Iwillgo and see her at once.”（暂时打算去看Kate ）。2. -“Kate is in hospital.”-“Yes, I know. Iam going to see her this afternoon.”（提前已准备好去看 Kate ）拓展：在“主将从现 ”中,一般用 will,而不用 be going to。例如：I won t go if he doesn't come.他不来,我就不去。if真实条件句和 if虚拟条件句真实条件句： 所表示的条件是真实的,或者完全有可能实现的,主从句的谓语都用陈述语气 。时态留意使用 “主将从现 ”。例如：If shedoesn'thurry up, shewill missthe first bus.如果她不快点儿的话,她就错过第一班车了。If itrainstomorrow, Iwill stayat home.假如明天下雨的话,我就待在家里。虚拟条件句： 所表示的条件不行能或很难实现,或与事实相反,主句和从句的谓语要用虚拟语气 。同学们需牢记：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结if从句主句与现在事实相反过去式（be 用 were） would/ should/ might/ could+原形动词与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/ should/ might/could+ havedone与将来事实相反1. 过去式（ be 用were）动词原形would/ should/ might/could+原形动词2. were to +3. should +动词 原形If Iwere you, Iwould not let out the secret.假如我是你的话,我不会泄露这个隐秘的。（暗含事实：我不是你）If Iknew his new address, Iwould tell you.假如我知道他的新的址,我会告知你的。（暗含事实：我不知道他的的址）If shewere to/should come/cametomorrow, Iwould tell her the secret.假如明天她来的话,我会告知她这个隐秘。（暗含事实：她明天不太可能来）If youhad takenmy advice, youwouldn't havebeen late for the meeting.假如你听了我的建议,你开会就不会迟到了。（暗含事实：你当时没有听我的建议）高考不提分,赔付 1 万元,关注欢乐学 明白详情。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载