（整理版高中英语）高考英语专题01冠词和名词.doc

高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题01 冠词和名词 【高考预测】4.冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和局部物质名词、抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法【难点突破】难点 1 名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别1.The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicyclesshop难点2 名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别2. When we are in France, China is an _ country.A. east B. easter C. eastward D. eastern难点3 冠词在固定短语中的有无问题3. I didnt expect that Tom would _ my failure to a chieve his own goal.A. make use of B. make the most of C. take advantage of D. take the advantage of【变式探究】1 This set of golf clubs was sent by _ .A. a friend of my father B. my fathers friend C. my father friends D. a friend of my fathers答案: D解析:双重所有格，“我父亲的一个朋友。【易错点点睛】易错点1 名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用1. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses【错误解答】 A或D【错解分析】 此题考查名词的意义和用法。company“公司，organization“组织，business“买卖，商业，branchd(地方办事处或分支机构。根据题意“这家银行的总部在，但在全国各地都有分支结构，因此选B.【正确解答】 B2. Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children.A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance【错误解答】 A或D【错解分析】 考生所熟悉的是课本上out of(ones)reach的说法。根据语境不难看出这是一个祈使句，这里习惯表达还可以是beyondwithin(ones)reach，意思是“手不能及。错误的根源在于考生只是记住其中的一种搭配，而语言是灵活的，多变的。 【正确解答】 B3.The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.A. length B. distance C. way D. space4. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality.A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict5. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others.A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character【错误解答】 A或C【错解分析】 此题考查意义相近名词的用法。temoper脾气；appearace外貌，仪表;slent天才，才能；character品性，性格，品度。根据句意应该是指和别人共同工作时的性格，因此填Characler.【正确解答】 D【特别提醒】 1.英语中专有名词是指个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等所有的名称，如Asiathe Nile，China，THE Great Wall.普通名词(一般可为数)，表示一类的人或物的个体，如:car ，book，student等;集体名词(一般为不可数)，表示一群人或一类物的集合体，如jewelry，class，majority等;抽象名词(一般为不可数)，表示品质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象 概念如 danger，anger，friendship，encouragement等；物质名词(一般为不可数)，表示无法分为个体的实物，如salt，water，coffee，silk等。2.名词词组一般由一个中心名词来构成，如：the World Cup，a woman teacher，thje blind 等。也可台是“限定词+前置修饰词中心词+后置修饰语来构成，如：a four milestrip 或a four-mile trip，a son in-law 等。【变式探究】3 Now I come here at the _ of Mr. Smith to assist him finishing the work.答案: D解析:at the request of sb.或at sbs request是固定 短语，“应某人的请求。4 She waited in for her mothers letter. A.anxious B. anxiety C.anxiously D. antique答案: B解析:短语in axiety表示“处于一种焦虑的状态或情态。 5 There were some flowers on the table.A. artitlcial B. unnatural C. false D. unreal.答案: A解析:强调不是天然生长的，而是“人工的、人造的。易错点2 名词的可数和不可数 1. The young dancers looked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large number of2. He gained his _ by printing of famous writers.A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works【特别提醒】 1.有些名词一词多义，同一个名词表示这个意义时是可数(表示个体事物)，表示另一个意义时是不可数(表示抽象概念)。如：experience作“经验讲时是不可数名词，作“经历讲时是可数名词。2.有些名词用作可数名词时，表示个体的人或物，而用作不可数名词时，那么表示 一类的人或物集合体。例如:My grandfathers hair is grey.(泛指头发)She has got grey hairs.(指一根根头发)这些名词的单复数形式有不同的含义，再如:water 水， waters 水域;danger危险，a danger 一个危险人物。Advice (劝告)，advices(消息);arm(手臂)，arms(军火);cloth(布)，clothes(衣服);custom(习惯)，customs(海关)等。【变式探究】2 You know I have no _ for foreign languages.A. knowledges B. gift C. character D. characters答案: B解析:make sense of sth.是固定搭配，意为“弄懂，搞清楚。3 Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make for our new students.A. place B. area C. room D. space答案: C解析:这里room用作不可数名词，表示“空间。易错点3 名作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法1. Your fluency in Chinese gives you an advantage _ the other candidates for the job.A. for B. with C. than D. over2. He got to the station early, missing his train.A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of3. Weve missed the bus. Im afraid we have no but to take a taxi.A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 汉语习惯会理解成没有方法了，所以有可能错选A。这里是固定短语have no choice but to do something，意思是“除了做别无选择。【正确解答】 B4. The classroom is big enough , but well have to move if we have more students.A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment【错误解答】C【错解分析】此题考查短语的意义和用法。For the moment目前，暂时;in a moment马上，立刻;for a moment 片刻，一会儿。根据题意，应该填for the moment.【正确解答】A【特别提醒】1.作直接定语的中词一般是表示 时间、地点、材料和类别的名词。如:summer school ,streer lights,paper money,coffee cup,women doctors.当名词作直接定语时应该注意以下几个问题。(1)名词作直接定语时一般 用单数，例如:a book srore ,a traffic light,a ticket office,a bus driver ,aboy friend,它们的复数形式分别是 book stores,traffic lights,ticket offices,bus drivers,boy friends.但是man ,woman作定语时，要与所修饰的名词汇的数保持一致。例如: a man teacher ,这绵复数形式是men teachers.(2)某些常有用复数形工的名词作直接定语旱也用复数。例如:a goods train,a cloths shop,a sales department,a sports field,a news reporter等(3)名词固定短语常有出现在英语考试试题如单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写和短文改错中。尤其是一些动宾关系的固定搭配。在复习中要注意积累。例如:You can take as many as you like because they are free of .A.charge B.fare C.money D.pay 此题的答案选 A.be free of charge 是固定用法，意思是“免费。 【变式探究】3 The new students are making _ for the coming _ meeting.A. preparations; sports B. preparation; sport C. preparations; sport D. preparation; sports答案: A解析:短语make preparations for sth.to do sth中preparation常用复数形式，sprot作定语时也常用复数形式。易错点4 冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和局部物质名词、抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法1 .After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ _ Capital Airport.A. the; a B.a; the C./; a D./; the【错误解答】D【错解分析】 此题是考查冠词的根本用法。名词ride这里是表示“搭乘的含义，是可数名词；后者是由普通名词，通常有定冠词。【正确解答】 B2. It is _ world of wonders,world where anything can happen.A.a; the B.a; a C. the; a D./; /3.The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in Industrial Revolution.A./;/ B. the;/ C. the; the D.a; the4.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. / B. the C. a D. one【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 因为knowledge是不可数名词，所以很多考生会错选A.但这里knowledge前有修饰词修饰，从而抽象名词具体化，前面需加不定冠词。又如:He has a good knowledge of English.【正确解答】 C5.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remeber it was _ Monday.A. the;the B. a;the C. a;a D. the;a【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 此题考查冠词的用法。Leave the ciry 离开了他所住的那座城市，是特指。星期前还常不用冠词，但此题中a mondqy 表示统指，表示某个星期一。【正确解答】 D【特别提醒】 1.不定冠词一般有any或one 的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来指事物，说明其名称或种类。(1) 泛指人、事、物的类别。例如: A plane is a machine than can fly .(泛指飞机) (2)泛指某人或某物。例如: Mary was a teacher (3)表示one,every 或per的意义。例如: My father studies Japanese four hours a day .(相当于per) (4)在某些固定短语中。例如:A. have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrelB. have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary,in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while,once up on a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a mouthful, at a distance. (5)用在方向名词和某些表示时间的名词前。例如: on the left/fight, in the east/west,in the evening, on the other hand, in the end,in the daytime3.使用冠词的考前须知。 (1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、称呼语、头衔、职务、季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称、球类、棋类和表示泛指的名词前不用冠词。例如:Comrade Li was chairman of the meeting.Spring is the best season of the year.注意:如果月份或季节等被一个限制性定语修饰，要加冠词。例如:He joined the army in the spring of 典型例题 (2)在某些特别结构中不用冠词。例如:Child as he is, he knows right from wrong. (child前冠词省略)He entered the forest, gun in hand. (gun 和 hand 前冠词省略)(3)不同语境不同冠词的取舍。例如: A. by car, by bike, by train, 但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike. B. Chinese s French 但 the Chinese language.(4)注意有些短语没有冠词时在意义上的区别。sit at table 吃饭，sit at the table 坐在桌旁，be in charge of 负责，【变式探究】1 He has _ great interest in history, especially in_ _ history of Tang Dynasty.A.a; the B.a; / C./; the D./; a答案: A解析:前者抽象名词interest具体化，表示泛指；后者那么是特指“唐朝的历史。2 Apples are usually sold by _ _ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by dozen.A. the; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a答案: C解析:前者by weight表示“以重量；后者by the dozen表示“按打。5 He likes music so much that I think it right to buy him _ MP3 as _ birthday Present.A. the;an;a B./;an;the C. ;an;a D. the;a;a答案: C解析:注意第二空M读音为元音。【高考突破】3 When he was a student, his father gave him a monthly _ _ towards his expense.A. salary B. allowance C. wage D. money答案: B解析:allowance津贴。6 In some case, different approaches _ _ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.A. to B. in C. of D. for答案: A解析:the approach to.为固定搭配，意为“方法，途径。10 I had no choice but to receive part of my previous lecture those who had been absent from some classes.A. for the benefit of B. on purpose C. in return for D. on the pretext of答案: A解析:意思是“为了。选项B，成心地；选项 C，作为的报答；选项D，以为借口。11 Now we can pick up _ _ weather information from _ new type of_ _ weather satellite.A. the; a; / B. /; the; the C./; a; / D./; a; a答案: C解析:information为不可数名词，不用冠词；后者表示泛指。12 More and more people choose in the supermarket, for they are especially interested in the _ of goods on offer. A. price B. variety C. value D. amount答案: B解析:svarietyof大量的。15 The radiation of uranium was then regarded as secret of nature.A.a; the B.a; a C. the; the D. a; /答案: D解析:前者表示某种，泛指；nature大自然，不可数名词。16 Some of the passengers told the reporters about their_ _ in the burning train.A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences答案: D解析:这里experience是指“经历，可数名词。17 It is _ _ great pleasure to go to _ _ cinema after a weeks hard work.A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the答案: A解析:前者抽象名词具体化，后者go to the cinema 是习惯说法。18 Thank you for sending us _ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us _ great service.A./; a B. the; a C./; / D. the;/答案: A解析:复数名词vegetables泛指，不用冠词；do sb.a service是固定搭配，意为“对有帮助/好处。19 We stood at the top of the mountain _ east of the city, watching _ burning sun rising.A. /; a B. the; a C. the; the D. /; the答案: A解析:eastofthecity名词短语作状语；后者是“看 一次日出，泛指。22 Read the poem more slowly, with a slight at the end of each line.A. pause B. stop C. rest D. space 答案: A23 As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further .A. news B. information C. notice D. message 答案: C24 $ 500 ,but that is my last offer.OK, it is a_ .A. cost B. price C. reward D. deal答案: D解析:Its a deal:I agree to your terms.25 These boxes are too heavy for me to move. Here, Ill give you a hand them.A. for B. to C. with D. by答案: C解析:短语give a hand to sb. give sb.a hand表示“给某人帮助的意思。26 Those football players had no strict _ _ until they joined our club.A. practice B. education C. training D. exercise答案: C解析:train(正式的)训练。29 The building of that school was completed in August of 典型例题t in September, A. /; the B. the; the C./; / D. the; /答案: D32 _ way to understands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. The; the B. One; a C. A; the D. The; / 答案: B解析:后者抽象名词knowledge具体化。35 In the face of _ failure, its most important keep up _ good state of mind.A./; a B.a; / C. the; / D./; the答案: A解析:failure为不可数名词，不用冠词；“保持一种良好的心态，用a。38 Whenever I go out, father warns me to turn police in time of trouble.A./; the B.a; / C. the; / D. the; the答案: C解析:police前常用定冠词，in time of trouble是固定用法。39 She is the only one among the _ writers vstories for children.A. woman; writes B. women; write C. women; writes D. woman; write 答案: A解析:woman作定语时形式随所修饰名词的数变化而变化；后者主语是the only one，所以用单数。42 I got bad toothache yesterday, which kept me awake whole night.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /答案: A解析:have a toothacheheadachestomachache是固定说法，the whole night名词短语作状语。45 The small grocer was at the of the people owed money to.A. expense B. cost C. mercy D. sigh 答案: C解析:at the mercy of任凭摆布，受支配；at the expense of有负担，以为牺牲；at the cost of以为代价；at the sight of一看到就。46 Im sorry I cant see you immediately, but if yot like to take a seat, I 11 be with you momerit.A. for a B. in a C. for the D. at the48 If you ask me, she has too high of herself.A. opinion B. idea C. an opinion D. a regard 答案: C解析:have too high an opinion of oneself对自己估计太高，过高地估计自己。可以说have(a)regard for对尊重或赞许，或hold sb.in regard对器重或赞赏。49 To protect his new invention, he took out a on it.A. pattern B. protection C. hcense D. patent答案: D解析:take outobtain a patent on sth.取得一项项的专利。.完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从5170各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填人空白处的最正确选项。 She died at the age of 15 in one of historys greatesttragedies. 51 her spirit lives on to this day through the diary in which she recorded her 52 . 53 touched bydespair and terror, the message of 54 in her words has inspired many. Anne Frank, the most famous 55 child of World War I , is indeed a symbol of the Holocaust (大屠杀). Her secret writings, later published 56 "The Diary of Anne Frank, 57 of two years in the life of a young Jewish girl hiding in Nazi - controlled Amsterdam. To mark the 75th anniversary of her 58 , on June 12 this year, annefiank, org is to 59 some rare photographs and a short film of the girl taken when she was 12. Born in 1929, Anne Frank was a German - Jewish teenager who was 60 to go into hiding to 61 being arrested by the Nazis. She and her family, along with four 62 , spent 25 months in a few small rooms above her fathers office in Am; sterdam. The family was 63 found by the Nazis, and forced to go to concentration camp. In March 194