（整理版高中英语）高考英语备考总动员易错点睛系列专题01名词与冠词（教师）.doc

考前必读易错点睛易错点1 无视抽象名词具体化的用法【易错题l】How about _ Christmas evening party? I should say it was _ success.A. a; a               B. The; a            C. a;不填              D. the; 不填【答案】B【错因透视】抽象名词具体化往往表示具有某种特性、情感、情绪的人或物，这时要在该名词前加不定冠词，如：in surprise惊奇地，a surprise一件惊奇的事情；with pleasure愉快地，a pleasure一件愉快的事情；worry about担忧，a worry一件令人担忧的事情；must一定，a must一件必须做的事情；youth青春，a youth一个年轻人；beauty美丽，a beauty一个美人；wonder惊奇，a wonder一件令人惊奇的事情；danger危险，a danger危险人物；trade贸易，a trade一桩生意买卖；have pity on sb可怜某人，What apity!多么遗憾!易错点2没有结合语境和词义对名词进行正确辨析【易错题l】From their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation【答案】B【错因透视】名词的辨析题是高考的重点，主要考查名词在特定语境下的应用，所以必须先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。因为英汉两种语言的差异性，同样一个汉语词汇，翻译成英语时，可能有很多对应的英语单词，但是每一个英语单词所表达的含义和运用的语境不尽相同，其中存在着一些细微的差异，不经过大量的阅读积累，一般考生是很难把它们分辨开来的。考生在选择时，往往依据字面意思，根据汉语的思维习惯，没有考虑到英美人的习惯表达，而做出错误的选择。因此，要想突破名词辨析这一难关，必须展开广泛阅读，培养语感，进一步熟悉常用名词的惯用场合。易错点3 混淆特指的定冠词和泛指的不定冠词【易错题1】This area experienced heaviest rainfall in month of May.A 不填; a B a ; the C the ; the D the ; a【答案】C【错因透视】形容词的最高级前面通常要加定冠词the；当表示月份的名词后面接of短语加以限定的时候，其前面要加定冠词the。另外，比拟级前一般不加定冠词the，但是“the+比拟级，the+比拟级是一个固定句式，表示“越，就越，前一句类似于条件句，后一句是主句，主句通常用一般将来时。另外，在比拟级表示“两者之中更的意思，尤其是出现“of the two字样的时候，通常比拟级前面加定冠词。如：He is the taller of the two brothers他是兄弟两个中个子较高的一个。【易错题2】In order to find _ better job , he decided to study _ second foreign language .A. the ; a B. a ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the【答案】B【错因透视】序数词表示顺序，其前一般要用定冠词the。假设序数词表示“又(另)一、在名次中排“第几时，序数词前要用不定冠词。如：He asked a question，then a second，then a third他问了一个问题，又问了第二个，第三个You should try to get a first or a second in the examination你应力争在这次考试中得个第一、二名。【易错题3】We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the【解析】考生容易误选D项，认为sky和world是表示独一无二的名词，按照常识它们的前面应该加定冠词the。但在这里这两个独一无二的名词前面都有了形容词修饰，这就由特指变成泛指了，表示会出现一个什么样的sky和world。【答案】A【错因透视】表示独一无二的名词如sky，world，earth，sun，moon等，其前一般加定冠词the，但如果它们的前面加了修饰语，那么这些词就由特指变成泛指了，这时它们的前面应该加不定冠词。如：a new moon一轮新月，a world like ours像我们这样的世界。易错点4 短语中冠词的运用不当【易错题l】What pity that you couldn't be there to receive prize! Aa; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the【答案】C【错因透视】英语中有很多短语要用到不定冠词，这样的短语常见的有：at a time每次；as a whole作为整体；as a result因此；all of a sudden突然；have a dance跳舞；have a talk谈话；have a rest休息一下；have aswim游泳；have a quarrel吵架；have a fever发烧；have a toothache牙痛；have a cold患感冒；have a word withsb同某人谈话；have a try试一下；have a good time玩得快乐；have a look看一看；have a headache头痛；have a 【答案】A【错因透视】英语中有些固定搭配中不用冠词，常见的有：at dawn在黎明；at noon在正午；at dusk在黄昏；at night在夜间；at times有时；at work在工作；at first起初；at last终于；at home在家；on fire着火；on show在展出；on foot步行；on duty值日；on time准时；on business因公出差；on holiday在度假；on leave在休假；on watch值班；go to school易错点3混淆用冠词和不用冠词的不同【易错题1】Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A. /; the B. the; /C. a; /D. /; a易错点5对零冠词的用法把握不到位【易错题l】Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a【解析】考生容易误选B项，原因是忽略了air pollution是抽象名词，在这里是泛指，故其前不加冠词；weather尽管也是抽象名词，但是在这里是特指全球的气候，故其前加the。【答案】A【错因透视】不可数名词(包括抽象名词和物质名词)在不特指的情况下，前面通常不加定冠词。【易错题2】 Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops，or to use wood as fuel or as building materialAthe; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; / (4)名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格时，不可再加冠词。如：Which bus did you take?你乘哪路公交车?(5)家庭成员名称前不用冠词。mother，father，uncle，aunt等家庭成员，当用作专有名词时，不加冠词。如：Mother is watering the flowers妈妈在浇花。乘船，走海路；by airplane乘飞机；by land走陆路，由陆路；by taxi乘出租车；by railtrain乘火车。跟踪练习：1、市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语I really admire the people full of _. Im always tired.Youd better take more exercise.ApowerBstrengthCforceDenergy3、 一中高三年级第四次考试英语The TV series of Gong became popular and the theme song Love the feed sung by Yang Mi was a _ at once and loved by young people.AshockBstrikeChitDbeat4、省四市高三联考英语In a natural disaster, minutes and even seconds of warning can make the _ between life and death.AdivisionBdifferenceCseparationDsense【答案】B【解析】 考查名词辨析。语意：在自然灾害中，数分钟甚至是数秒钟的警告都能影响人的生死。make a/the difference“产生影响，起作用，是固定短语，故 difference 正确。6、省市三县市高三上学期联合考试英语If you dont work hard, it will be of no _ for others to help you.Asympathy BsignificanceCrelation Dsign【答案】B【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意：如果你工作不努力，别人帮助你也无济于事。significance 表示“重要性；意义，符合句意。8、市高三年级第一次质量检测试题英语He was _ poorest man here years ago, but now he is _ rich man.Aa; theB/; theCthe; aD/, a【答案】C【解析】 考查冠词用法。形容词的最高级前应用定冠词修饰，故第一空填 the; a rich man 泛指一个富人，故第二空应用不定冠词a。9、市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语_ M (m) oney plays an important role in _ material world. But you cant expect it to give you real happiness.AA; theB/; aC/; theDThe; the【答案】C11、市西城区高三上学期期末考试英语My frieds birthday is coming soon. I would like to go to _ store, or some place close by to buy him _ present.Athe; theBa; theC/; aDthe; a【答案】D13、市重点高中高三尖子生综合素质展示英语It is said that _ wool produced in Australia is of _ high quality.A/; /Bthe; /Cthe; aDthe; the【答案】B【解析】 考查冠词用法。句意：据说澳大利亚产的羊毛质量很好。“produced in Australia 是后置定语，所以前一个空格处用 the 表示特指；后一个空格处是“be of抽象名词结构，名词前不用冠词。14、市高三年级第一次模拟考试英语Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?_ younger one. He is _ most humorous man.AA; aBA; theCThe; aDThe; /【答案】C