2015中考英语冲刺讲座.ppt

河南中考英语试题的命题依据和走势走势走势：重视基础、强调能力重视基础、强调能力淡化语法、强调语境淡化语法、强调语境突出语篇、注重语用突出语篇、注重语用关注热点、透视实际关注热点、透视实际依据依据：英语课程标准英语课程标准考试说明与检测考试说明与检测 一、明确复习进度 二、专项讲解，知识系统化 三、模拟做题，查漏补缺一、建立复习进度表 截止5月上旬，根据考试说明“地毯式”记忆重点词汇及其派生词；加强口语专项练习，追求简洁无误； 5月下旬，专项强化训练，积累自己的错题集，通过反复温习达到事半功倍效果； 6月，套题实战演练，通过查漏补缺有针对性地专攻薄弱项。 第二轮分类复习阶段：第二轮分类复习阶段： 1. 二周语法、句型、写作训练。二周语法、句型、写作训练。 2. 二周完成完型填空、阅读理解、词语运用训练。二周完成完型填空、阅读理解、词语运用训练。 3.一周完成听力、补全对话训练。一周完成听力、补全对话训练。 第三轮综合模拟练习和应试技巧阶段：第三轮综合模拟练习和应试技巧阶段： 二周完成模拟考试、试题讲解、适应性练习、查二周完成模拟考试、试题讲解、适应性练习、查漏补缺。漏补缺。 2天休息，稳定心态、放松心情、准备中招！天休息，稳定心态、放松心情、准备中招！ 重点是错题集和作文二、专项复习 冠词 The的用法08-12河南中考对冠词的考查 2008.How do you like your holiday in Mount Yuntai?We enjoyed it very much._sight is very beautiful. A.A B.An C.The D./ 2010.一Shall we pay visit to Expo 2010，Shanghai? 一No，Id rather stay at home and play football A a; the B the；a C不填，the D a，不填 2011.What do you want to be in the future，Nick? I want to be_ pilot. It is_ exciting job. A. a；a B. a；an C. the；an D. a；the 2012.Would you like _red dress as a birthday present , Mary? Sorry, mom. I prefer _ orange one. A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an主要考察冠词的基本用法：主要考察冠词的基本用法：1）定冠词用来特指，用在公）定冠词用来特指，用在公共场所名词前，还有某些习惯用法和常用短语中，如：共场所名词前，还有某些习惯用法和常用短语中，如：play the guitar, in the morning等；等；2）不定冠词的基本）不定冠词的基本用法，即表示用法，即表示“一个一个”，还有，还有a和和an的区别，以及一些习的区别，以及一些习惯用法和固定短语中，如：惯用法和固定短语中，如：pay a visit to, take a shower等等；零冠词常用情况，如：零冠词常用情况，如：by bike, play soccer等。等。不定冠词 英文字母前用a还是用an的问题 在26个英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅音开头的.用于专有名词前 Many young people want to be a Bill Gates. 许多年轻人都想成为比尔.盖茨式的人物。用于不可数名词前 不可数名词如education, history等在表述其某一部分或某一方面的内容、概念时，前面常加不定冠词。 Chinese is an Asia country with a long history. 中国是一个有着悠久历史的亚洲国家。 She has a good knowledge of English.名词 1. 名词词义辨析 近几年中考，结合同义词、近义词词义的差别以及语境和生活常识对名词进行考查的试题逐渐增多。解答此类试题不仅要掌握不同的名词所表示的具体含义，而且要能辨析它们之间的一些差异。2. 名词固定短语搭配法 名词的固定搭配是中考英语中考查的一个重要方面，所以牢牢掌握一些固定的短语，对于解答试题很重要。 It was very hard for me to make a _, but I decided to leave my job. A. suggestion B. decision B. plan D. speech河南中考对名词的考查河南中考对名词的考查2008.When I hurriedly got to the airport; the lady at the window told me that there were no_left on that plane.A.placesB.seatsC.spaceD.room2009.I like _ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles2010. It was very hard for me to make abut I decided to leave my job A suggestion B decision C plan D speech2011. I have some problems with my English writing. Can you give me some_? A. advice B. decisions C. information D. messages2012. Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of _. A. knowledge B. energy C. change D. Courage 主要考查大纲上要求掌握的名词的含义，以及单复数变化，主要考查大纲上要求掌握的名词的含义，以及单复数变化，区分可数名词和不可数名词，和常见的搭配，如：区分可数名词和不可数名词，和常见的搭配，如：make suggestions, give advice, make a decision等等。等等。小结： 可数名词及其单复数 不可数名词 专有名词 名词所有格代词 代词的用法是中考的重点，代词多而杂，代词词义易混，所以准确记住代词的词义很有必要。 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 不定代词（some, any, no，不止这3个） 疑问代词河南中考对代词的考查河南中考对代词的考查2008.What a nice MP5! Whose is it?Its _ . My father bought it for me. A. me B. him C. his D. mine2009.I saw Tony at the party.But he didnt speak to me_evening.Maybe he didnt see you. A.all B.every C.either D.another2010 To help Tommy learn better, his parents have done _they could：cards,tapes，special learning centers，in short, everything they can think of A both B all C none D neither2011.Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow? Sure. I see as a chance to prove_. A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you2012. How was your trip in Chengdu? Not so good. I stayed there for two days. But it rained on _of the days. A. none B. neither C. both D. all主要考查人称代词的五种不同形式的用法，以及不定代词主要考查人称代词的五种不同形式的用法，以及不定代词的用法，尤其是的用法，尤其是all，both，neither，none。上下文语境暗示法 中考试题考查的是代词在具体语境中的灵活运用，这样的题目需分析具体的语境才能选出正确答案，忌死扣语法。 Are you _ from Korea? _ No, none of us. A. both B. all C. any D. either由答句中的none可知此处指“三者或三者以上”，再结合句意可知B.形容词 1. 形容词的比较级 2. 形容词的位置（表语形容词、修饰不定代词） 3. 形容词与介词的搭配 4. 形容词词义辨析副词 比较级和最高级数词 基数词 序数词介词和介词短语河南中考对介词的考查河南中考对介词的考查2008.We will never forget what happened_the afternoon of May 12,2008. A.in B.by C.at D.on2009.When is Henrys birthday party, Lynn? The 18th , _ about there oclock in the afternoon. A. in B. at C. on D. to 2010. If you try to sit on two chairs，you will fall them For life，you must choose one chair A between B under C among D into2011. Mr Hu, can you tell us how to learn math well? Sure. But remember nothing can be learned _ hard work A. by B. at C. without D. for2012. I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in _ the window. Its dangerous to do that. A. in B. through C. over D. to主要考查常用介词的基本含义和用法，如：主要考查常用介词的基本含义和用法，如：in, on, at, from, for, of, about, with, without, through, over, across, near, between 等等；尤其是等等；尤其是in, on, at用在不同用在不同的时间名词前。的时间名词前。连词河南中考对连词的考查河南中考对连词的考查2008.Your dream wont come true_you know what your dream is.A.afterB.unlessC.whileD.since2009. Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers _ people get off the bus.A. after B. since C. until D. when 2010 its difficult to make her dream come true，she never gives up A Though B Unless C Because D If2011. You wont feel happy at school _ you get on well with your classmates. A. though B. when C. unless D. because2012. We should give the boy another chance _he has made some mistakes. A. though B. when C. unless D. because主要考查从属连词引导不同的状语从句，尤其是主要考查从属连词引导不同的状语从句，尤其是though, unless, when。动词 vt & vi 系动词 助动词 情态动词 时态（现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在完成时） 被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时） 非谓语动词动词不定式作宾语、宾补、目的状语 动词短语河南中考对动词辨析的考查河南中考对动词辨析的考查2009. Taiwan is part of China. We _ the same history and culture.A. explain B. express C. connect D. share2010. Rebuilding in Yushu began soon alter the earthquake，and it will long into the future A . reach B keep C stop D last2012. The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you _a life without it? A. understand B. imagine C. consider D. expect主要考查考纲上所规定必须掌握的动词的基本含义和常见主要考查考纲上所规定必须掌握的动词的基本含义和常见用法，尤其是表达积极向上和常用的词汇，如：用法，尤其是表达积极向上和常用的词汇，如：care, share, expect, develop, encourage, make, protect, provide等等。等等。河南中考对情态动词的考查河南中考对情态动词的考查2008.Our class won the English speaking contest.Congratulations! You_be very proud of it.A.can B.need C.would D.must2009.Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting? Im not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He _ know.A. can B. may C. need D. shall2010Its such a long way! What shall I do?一Youtake my car if you want A will B must C may D shall2011. _ you wait a few more minutes? Itll be your turn soon. A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Might2012. Do you have any plans for this weekend? Im not sure. I_ go climbing Mount Yuntai. A. must B. need C. may D. can主要考查情态动词主要考查情态动词can, may, must表判断的用法，还有表判断的用法，还有can，may表示允许、表示允许、must表示必须、以及表示必须、以及could表请求表请求的用法。的用法。河南中考对非谓语动词的考查河南中考对非谓语动词的考查2008 seems that it is going to rain.Youd better_the windows open when you leave the house.A.not leaveB.leaveC.not to leaveD.to leave2009.Have you made up your mind _ the sick kids? By singing songs.A. what to tell B. how to cheer up C. when to help D. where to look after2010 Father often tells me_too much time on computer games.A dont spend B not spend C not to spend D not spending2011. Why are you so excited? Peter invited me _ on a trip to Yuntai Mountain. A. to go B. go C. going D. went主要考查不定式作宾语、宾补、主要考查不定式作宾语、宾补、疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式作宾作宾语以及不定式的否定形式等用法。语以及不定式的否定形式等用法。构词法 前缀、后缀 转化 合成 英语主要有三种构词法： 1）转化（Conversion）：由一个词类转化为另一词类：water（名）水- water（动）浇水 有大量动词可以转化为名词，有时意思没有太大变化： Let me have a try. 我来试一试。 2）派生（Derivation）：通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词：happy-unhappy（加前缀） 3）合成（Compounding）：由两个或更多的词合成一个词：wood（木）+cut（刻）-woodcut（木刻） 河南中考对定语从句的考查河南中考对定语从句的考查2008.Shaolin Temple_lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A.Where B.which C.who D.what2009.Its time to say goodbye to my school. Ill always remember the people _ have helped me.A. who B. what C. which D. where2010. Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed A which B what C whom D who2011. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _ you had with your dad yesterday. A. what B. which C. when D. who2012. Success will belong to those _never say “impossible”. A. whom B. what C. who D. which主要考查关系代词主要考查关系代词that, which, who的用法以及相互之间的用法以及相互之间的区别。的区别。2. 情景交际分析情景交际分析 近几年的中考单项填空题越来越侧重在语境中测试学生的综合运用语言知识的 能力，基本上以对话的方式出现，考生应特别引起注意，尤其情景交际，单项填空越来越强调题目的生活化、交际化，体现了英语是用来交际的语言工具这一特点，如：1.-Happy birthday to you! -_. A. Thank you B. Yes, of course C. I hope so D. Youre too kind. 2.-What can I do for you, madam? A. Thank you B. All right C. some apples D. Its nice of you AC河南中考对宾语从句的考查河南中考对宾语从句的考查2008.May I come in?Im sorry I am late.Come in,please.But could you please tell me_?A.why you are late again C.who you talked withB.what were you doing then D.how do you come to school2009.What time will Mr Brown be back to China? Sorry. I dont know_. A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad2010. Some of my friends are interested in science，but none of them can tell _ A when UFOs will appear next time B why do horses know the way C where was this kind of plant found D how do elephants communicate2011. I didnt see Laura at the party last night. Do you know _? A. why didnt she come B. what happened C. when would she arrive D. where she has been2012.My pen pal from America is coming to visit me. Im thinking about_. A:what present did give her B:how I will give her a surprise C: where will we have a big meal D:whether I planned a trip for her主要考查宾语从句的语序，前后文时态一致以及不同疑问主要考查宾语从句的语序，前后文时态一致以及不同疑问词的用法。词的用法。河南中考对其他句型的考查河南中考对其他句型的考查主要考查感叹句，祈使句，祈使句主要考查感叹句，祈使句，祈使句+and/or+结果分句，结果分句，反义疑问句，以及不同场合的反义疑问句，以及不同场合的交际用语交际用语，如鼓励人：，如鼓励人：cheer up, take it easy; 感谢人：感谢人：thank you, its nice of you;等等。等等。2009.You have seen the film The Dead Reading, havent you? _ . How I wish to see it again! A. No, what a pity B. No, I havent C. Yes, I like it D. Yes, its boring2011. _fine day it is! Lets go and fly a kite. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a2012._out your love. The world will become a nicer place to live in. A: Speak B: To speak C: Speaks D: Speaking河南中考单项选择的命题特点 基础语法以单词、词组辨义为主。基础语法以单词、词组辨义为主。 语言交际性、真实性、实用性语言交际性、真实性、实用性 寓情感教育于试题之中，注重试题内容学寓情感教育于试题之中，注重试题内容学生的情感交流。生的情感交流。 紧跟时代脉搏紧跟时代脉搏 考查中越来越淡化纯语法的考查，而更注考查中越来越淡化纯语法的考查，而更注重语言的运用能力，即语法的考查要放在重语言的运用能力，即语法的考查要放在语境中。语境中。复习建议复习建议 读透读透标准标准和和说明说明，使教学有根基、有底，使教学有根基、有底气。气。 灵活使用教材并根据教学实际整合教材，使教学灵活使用教材并根据教学实际整合教材，使教学内容常教常新。内容常教常新。 注重基础，注重基础，避免复习中无谓地拔高要求。避免复习中无谓地拔高要求。 避免题海战术，平时练习杜绝偏难怪，可把时间避免题海战术，平时练习杜绝偏难怪，可把时间用在强化记单词和句子，把语法渗透在句子中掌用在强化记单词和句子，把语法渗透在句子中掌握。握。完形填空完形填空 10分分完形填空的设题特点完形填空的设题特点The following morning,Mr Smith again 39 a jade stone in the yong mans hand and told him to hold it.On the third,fourh,and 40 day,Mr Smith did the same thing and repeated his 41 .On the sixth day,the young man held the jade stone, 42 he could no longer stand the silence.”When am I going to learn something?” asked the young man.( )39.A.placed B.took C.gave D.sent( )40.A. third B.fourth C.fifth D.sixth( )41.A. instrustions B.suggestions C.promise D.decisions( )42.A. and B.but C.or D.so1.主要考查学生在篇章整体理解的基础上综合运用语言的能力。主要考查学生在篇章整体理解的基础上综合运用语言的能力。2. 考查点绝大多数为考查点绝大多数为实词实词的词义辨析，把所有的词串起来基本可的词义辨析，把所有的词串起来基本可以复现整个篇章的结构和脉络。以复现整个篇章的结构和脉络。3.避免出成单一的语法题。学生答题需顾及文本的篇章结构，句避免出成单一的语法题。学生答题需顾及文本的篇章结构，句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系才能选出正确选项。与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系才能选出正确选项。4.文章一般第一句不设空，留有窗口，以便给考生提供一个语境文章一般第一句不设空，留有窗口，以便给考生提供一个语境。复习建议复习建议 完型填空答题技巧：三步法完型填空答题技巧：三步法 通读全文，把握大意；通读全文，把握大意； 先易后难，各个击破；先易后难，各个击破； 复读全文，验证答案。复读全文，验证答案。 1. 每天课前一篇完形填空题，集中训练每天课前一篇完形填空题，集中训练3到到4周，从中考周，从中考试题中选题，专门训练完形填空。试题中选题，专门训练完形填空。2. 指导学生用指导学生用“三步法三步法”做完形填空题。做完形填空题。3. 当堂训练要当堂解决问题，并统计满分人数，以鼓励当堂训练要当堂解决问题，并统计满分人数，以鼓励学生。学生。阅读理解阅读理解 40分分河南中考阅读理解 ABCD2010夹叙夹议（父与夹叙夹议（父与子）子）46,47,49细细节节；48推理推理；50标题标题说明文说明文51,52,54细节细节；53推理推理；55猜短语猜短语应用文（电应用文（电影海报）影海报）56-60细节细节题题任务型阅读任务型阅读（关于马的（关于马的言语）言语）61-66完成句子完成句子2011记叙文（爱心传记叙文（爱心传递）递）48,49推理；推理；47,48细节；细节；50标题标题说明文（科普）说明文（科普）51推理推理；52,53细节；细节；54猜词；猜词；55段落主旨段落主旨应用文（广应用文（广告）告）56-60细节细节说明文（如说明文（如何读书）何读书）61-66还原还原句子句子2012夹叙夹议（蝴蝶夹叙夹议（蝴蝶的故事）的故事）46，47，细节；细节；48推理；推理；49段落主旨；段落主旨；50标题标题议论文议论文51,53细节；细节；52，55推理；推理；54猜词猜词应用文（广应用文（广告）告）56,57,58,59细节；细节；60推推理理说明文（如说明文（如何交友）何交友）61-66还原还原句子句子事实细节题的解题方法事实细节题的解题方法事实细节型常见提问形式1. Which of the following is TRUE ( Not True) according to the information in the passage?2. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?3. The author mentions all the following except _.4. 以when, where, who, what, how, why, how many/much等词引导的疑问句 解题方法：明确题意；明确题意； 寻找答案来源；寻找答案来源； 找准关键词；找准关键词；反复阅读。反复阅读。注意：有的题是同义表达，有的题是换位表达，有的题是看似一样却偷换字眼，考查细节 Jenny Sanders, a high school student in California, asks, “What good do we get from learning math? We can use computers to compute numbers, and we can use computers to store information. I think learning math at school is a waste of time.”( ) 52. What does Jenny Sanders think of learning math? A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Useless. D. Difficult.猜测词义题的解题方法猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是： 1. The word “” in the passage probably means _. 2.In this story the underlined word “” means _. 3. Here “it” means _.如何猜测词义：1.根据句子的结构关系2.同义词和反义词的关系3.定义或释义的关系4.同类列举5.根据单词的构词法6.生活常识推测For example, imagine you are a cook and must serve dinner to 100 guests. How should you divide your resources so that you can get the job done most efficiently (高效地)? In situations like this, the ability to think logically will get you to a reasonable answer and solve your problem.( ) 54. What does the underlined word “resources” mean in the passage? A. 科目 B. 效率 C. 信息 D. 资源推理题的解题方法推理题的解题方法推理题的主要提问方式是：1. What do you think of?2. We does the write really mean?3. From the story we can guess _.4. What will happy at the end of the story?逻辑推理题的解题方法：1. 利用上下文所给的信息来推理；2. 根据常识来推理判断；3. 利用排除法。.The man was in his kindness, but he did not understand the nature rules. Before the butterfly came out of the cocoon, fluid (流体) from its body must be forced into its wings, and then it would be ready for flying. It must have a hard struggle (拼搏) to get through the small opening to get its freedom from the cocoon.( ) 48. What do you think of the man? A. Patient but cruel. B. Careful and wise.C. Kind but unwise. D. Brave and funny.排除法：排除法：张冠李戴不对张冠李戴不对 偷梁换柱不对偷梁换柱不对 极端夸张不对极端夸张不对 断章取义不对断章取义不对主旨大意题的解题方法主旨大意常用题型考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解。提问方式有：1. What is the best title for the passage ?2. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?3. What does the text mainly talk about ?主旨大意题的解题方法技巧：1. 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)2. 标题或主题句必须涵盖全文，言简意赅，吸引读者。3. 读完文章之后你大脑中留下印象最深刻的“什么人、什么事、怎么样、” 往往就是主题。4. 标准：涵盖全文，言简意赅。以偏概全、太笼统、言过其实、句子冗长、无中生有的都不对。词语运用词语运用 10分分词语运用是词语运用是2008年以来河南中考新题型，考查词汇的年以来河南中考新题型，考查词汇的意义延伸和词形变化。注重考查词或词组在具体语言意义延伸和词形变化。注重考查词或词组在具体语言环境当中的运用能力。考查以实词为主，各类词分布环境当中的运用能力。考查以实词为主，各类词分布均衡；试题注重基础，难度较低，考查词汇主要是常用均衡；试题注重基础，难度较低，考查词汇主要是常用高频词，不会出现偏难怪。高频词，不会出现偏难怪。学习目标：学习目标：1.1.通过词性分类练习，能总结出常见的词形变化通过词性分类练习，能总结出常见的词形变化及词性转化规则，并能进一步树立词性意识。及词性转化规则，并能进一步树立词性意识。( (知识目标知识目标) )2.2.能够运用总结出的规则在语境中进行词形变化能够运用总结出的规则在语境中进行词形变化和词性转化，提高用词的准确率。和词性转化，提高用词的准确率。( (技能目标技能目标) )3.3.通过独立完成练习，能够概括出词语运用的具通过独立完成练习，能够概括出词语运用的具体策略，提高在语境中灵活用词的能力。体策略，提高在语境中灵活用词的能力。( (体验体验性目标性目标) )词语运用专项练习词语运用专项练习 Word Using -Rules and Tips动词动词 v. 1.My brother v