《阅读理解之推理判断题》.ppt

阅读理解阅读理解推理判断题推理判断题博白县第三高级中学博白县第三高级中学 黄秋莲黄秋莲 推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句子子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。之意或弦外之音的能力。 近八年来，主要考查了推断隐含意义、近八年来，主要考查了推断隐含意义、推断目标读者、推断写法意图、推断观点推断目标读者、推断写法意图、推断观点态度等，其中重点是推断隐含意义。态度等，其中重点是推断隐含意义。 推断隐含意义推断隐含意义 技巧点拨技巧点拨 解答这类题的一般步骤是：解答这类题的一般步骤是：1.1.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2.2.字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。3.3.深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。之意。 这类试题的题干中常含暗示和推断这类试题的题干中常含暗示和推断( (infer, ,suggest, ,imply,indicate,indicate,conclude,conclude) )等词等词语。语。 1.We can know from the passage that _. 2.We can infer from the passage that _ . 3.The passage/author implies/suggests that _. 4.It can be concluded from the passage that _. 5.The underlined sentence indicates that _. 6.The author seems to be in favor of/against_. 7.The author may probably agree with _. 8.Whats the authors attitude/view/point _? 9.In the authors opinion, _. 10.The passage is most likely to be taken from_. 技巧点拨：技巧点拨： 以文字信息为依据，既不能作出以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据文字表明信息作多步推理。不能根据文字表明信息作多步推理。 About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our act would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things. 1. Who is the author? A. cameraman. B. A film director. C. A crowd-scene actor. D. A workman for scene setting.Practice1:A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in “snow”. Two more fans were turned on, and a “strong wind” blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold. 2. What made the author feel cold? A. The heavy snowfall. B. The man-made scene. C. The low temperature. D. The film being shown. 具体的常见方法为：具体的常见方法为：1. 抓住信息进行逆向或正向的推理。抓住信息进行逆向或正向的推理。2. 整合全文或段落信息进行推断。整合全文或段落信息进行推断。3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行判断。利用语境的褒贬性进行判断。4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。5. 根据上下文的逻辑推断得出结论。根据上下文的逻辑推断得出结论。6. 根据文章的篇章结构进行判断推理。根据文章的篇章结构进行判断推理。 Computer programmer David Jones earns 35,000 pounds a year designing now computer games, yet he cannot find a bank to let him have a check card. Instead he has been told to wait another 2 years until he is 18. David works for a small company in Liverpool, where the problem of most young of his age is finding a job. Davids company releases two new games for the home computer market each month. But Davids biggest headache is what to do with his money. He cannot drive a car, or buy a house, or get credit cards.Practice2:2. How is David different from other young people of his age according to the text? A. He doesnt have a credit card. B. He gets a job. C. He wont go to college. D. He earns a very high payment.技巧点拨：技巧点拨： 注意作者表达感情色彩的注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、形容词、副词、动词、所举的例子及说话的语副词、动词、所举的例子及说话的语气气，透过字里行间，推断出作者的弦，透过字里行间，推断出作者的弦外之音。外之音。说明文中作者的态度说明文中作者的态度: objective neutral在议论文中，有：在议论文中，有：(1)positive (2)negative(3)neutral (4)approving (5) disapproving(6) indifferent(7)ironic (8)critical (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic客观的客观的消极的消极的漠不关心的漠不关心的赞成的赞成的不赞成的不赞成的乐观的乐观的悲观的悲观的Taking notes:Taking notes:中立的中立的积极的积极的讽刺的讽刺的批评的批评的中立的中立的 Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)and death. Frankly, Im sick of all the bad news. 3. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. informPractice3: 判断材料的来源主要根据文章的体判断材料的来源主要根据文章的体裁和题材。一般说来，广告类、时事新闻裁和题材。一般说来，广告类、时事新闻类、娱乐新闻类、影评、应用文类常出现类、娱乐新闻类、影评、应用文类常出现在报纸、杂志、海报等上。判断读者对象在报纸、杂志、海报等上。判断读者对象从文章内容就可以作出判断。从文章内容就可以作出判断。 Want to know more about global warming and how you can help prevent it? Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next Friday. Friedman studied environmental science at three well-known universities around the world before becoming a professor in the subject. He has also traveled around the world observing environmental concerns. The gradual bleaching(变白变白) of the Great Barrier Reef, which came into the public eye in 2002, is his latest interest. Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk.Practice4:4. The passage is most probably _. A. a poster about a lecture B. an ad for a new book C. a note to a doctor in a university D. an introduction to a professorPractice 解答这类题的总体步骤是：解答这类题的总体步骤是：1 1. .定位信息定位信息: :通过寻读找到相关信息点通过寻读找到相关信息点, ,抓住相关信抓住相关信息点进行逆向和正向的推理。息点进行逆向和正向的推理。2 2. .字面理解字面理解: :理解相关信息点的字面意义理解相关信息点的字面意义, ,注意作者注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子子, ,推断出作者的弦外之音。推断出作者的弦外之音。3 3. .判断材料判断材料: :主要根据文章的体裁和题材解决来源。主要根据文章的体裁和题材解决来源。4 4. .深层理解深层理解: :结合语境和常识结合语境和常识, ,在字面意义的基础上在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断进行符合逻辑的推断, ,整合相关文段的信息从而整合相关文段的信息从而理解作者的言外之意。理解作者的言外之意。 Tips Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile.She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance.Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless.She grew up in one of Jamaicas toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse,where she lived in a one-room apartment,sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers.Waterhouse,one of the poorest communities in Jamaica,is a really violent and overpopulated place.Several of Shelly-Anns friends and family were caught up in the killings;one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived.Sometimes her family didnt have enough to eat.She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldnt afford shoes.Her mother Maxime,one of a family of fourteen,had been an athlete herself as a young girl but,like so many other girls in Waterhouse,had to stop after she had her first baby.Maximes early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouses roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track,and she was ready to sacrifice everything. It didnt take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse.On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008,all those long,hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit.The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty,surrounded by criminals and violence,had written a new chapter in the history of sports. But Shelly-Anns victory was far greater than that.The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing,the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped.The dark cloud above one of the worlds toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days.“I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said.She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.She intends to fight to make it a womans as well as a mans world. As Muhammad Ali puts it,“Champions arent made in gyms.Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.A desire,a dream,a vision.”One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.Homework 阅读理解阅读理解(12)