人教版七上各单元知识点汇总.doc

人教版七上各单元知识点汇总（交际用语、基础知识、语法等）交际用语：1.打招呼用语：-Good morning, Eric!(早上好！) -Good morning, Dale!-Good afternoon, Helen!（下午好！）-Good afternoon, Cindy!-Good evening, Alice!（晚上好！） -Good evening, Bob!-Hi/Hello/Hey！喂 -Hi/Hello/Hey！喂2. 问候：-How are you ?（你好吗？）-Im fine/OK/well, thank you/thanks . 我很好，谢谢And you?(=How are you ?)你呢？-Im OK.我很好。-How do you do ?(你好!) -How do you do?(你好!)3.询问物体名字：-Whats this in English?这个用英语怎么说？-Its a map/ a ruler/a pen/ a quilt/a key/ an orange/ an apple/an eraser.（回答Whats用Its）注意：an用于元音音素开头的单词前；a用于辅音音素开头的单词前。第一次提及用，再次提及用the-Whats this/that in English? -Its a jacket.-Spell it, please.=How do you spell it?(怎样拼写.) -J-A-C-K-E-T.4. 询问物体颜色：-What color is it?（问颜色用What color）- Its red/ yellow/ green/ blue/ black/ white.(颜色前无冠词a/an/the)五个元音字母：Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu字母读音归类：Aa Hh Jj Kk Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv (Zz) Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx (Zz)Ii Yy Oo Qq Uu Ww RrUnit 11. 询问人名：-Whats your name? -My name is Alan.=Im Alan.-Whats her name ? -Her name is Mary.=She is Mary.-Whats his name? -His name is Peter.=He is Peter.总结：询问别人名字用：Whats name？名词前要用形容词性物主代词2- Nice to meet you !（见到你很高兴）-Nice to meet you, too !（见到你也很高兴）3你是某某吗？-Are you.? Yes, I am. / No, Im not.他/她是某某吗？-Is he/ she .? Yes, he/she is. / No, he/she isnt.4. 总结：be(am/ is /are)的用法（一）基本用法：我用am，I am. 你用are，you are. is跟着he/she/it. this/that用is. these/those/they用are单数名词用is 复数名词要are1.-I _ Linda. _ you Bob? Yes, I _.2.This _ my friend. His name_ Tom. His telephone number_ 486-123.3.It _ a black pen.4.Bob and Mike _ in China.5.-What color _ his quilt? It _ red.6.He and I_ friends.（二）陈述句变一般疑问句：变一般，be (am/ is /are)往前提Eg. (1)I am Linda.(2)He is Jack.(3)Her name is Rose.(4)This is a blue pen.（三）陈述句变否定句：变否定在be (am/ is /are)后加not.即：am not, is not =isnt, are not=arenteg.1.Im Mike.2.She is Lucy.3.His names Bob.4.That is a ruler.5.They are Mike and Bob.（四）对划线部分提问：划线提问的是特殊疑问句=疑问词+一般疑问句。常见疑问词有：what什么（对名字/电话号码/职业/事物提问） what color什么颜色 how怎么样（对身体状况/天气/交通方式等提问） who谁（对人提问） where 哪里（对地点提问）how much多少钱（对价格提问） when 什么时候（对时间提问）eg.1. I am fine.2.He is OK.3. My name is Eric.4. His first names Mike.5. The ruler is red.6. That is a pen.7. This is M.8. My telephone number is 13581262060.9. Her last name is Green.10. Her telephone number is 13469901235.5.询问电话号码：-Whats your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少？-Whats her/his telephone number ?她/他的电话号码是多少？ Its 535-2375. 6询问人的名字和姓氏：Whats your/his/her first name? 你/他/她叫什么名字？Whats your/his/her last/family name? 你/他/她姓什么？注意：在英语中，名在前，姓在后，与汉语相反。7在中国in China8.中学middle school9.写作练习：First name:TonyLast name:SmithTel:232-4658Friend: Frank WhiteTel: 232-4856First name:DaleLast name:MillerTel:659-7430Friend: Gina BrownTel: 659-3704（1）假如你是Tony，请介绍自己和朋友。_（2）以第三人称介绍Dale和他的朋友。_Unit 2Section A1.介绍：(1)This is a book/an eraser(辅音音标开头的词前用a，元音音标开头的词前用an)(2)-This is my sister/ brother/ mother/ father/ grandmother/ grandfather/ friend/ aunt/ uncle（介绍别人单数用This is.）近指-That is her sister/ brother/ mother/ father/ grandmother/ grandfather/ friend/ aunt/ uncle远指(3)-These are his sisters/ brothers/ parents/ grandparents/ friends/cousins.（介绍别人复数用These are.）近指-Those are your sisters/ brothers/ parents/ grandparents/ friends. 远指(4)单复数句型转换：单数thisthatshe/he/itisa/an+单数名词复数thesethosetheyare单数名词+S例题：单复数句型互换：1).His key is white.2).Is that your cousin?3).This is a dictionary.4). Those are oranges.5).These are English books.6). Are they your sisters?Section B1.家谱family tree2.这儿是Here is+ 单数名词/不可数名词 Here are +复数名词3.我的两张漂亮的全家福two nice photos of my family我的全家福a photo of my family=my family photo4.在第一幅照片中in the first photo5.在下一幅照片中in the next photo6.在我家in my family7.狗的名字 the name of my dog=my dogs name .的名字the name of.Unit 3语法： 1.人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格， 作宾语为宾格; 介+宾格）eg. 1)I thank you 2)You thank me.2物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。总结：一变(mymine); 二留(hishis itsits)三加s(youryours ; ourours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，无名是名：形容词性物主代词+跟名词=名词性物主代词eg. 1.This is _ book. This book is _.（I）2.Is _ your sister? Whats _ name? (she) 3._ name is Tom. _ is my brother. (he)4.This is _ mother. _is a teacher. (she)5.-Are these _(you) keys? -Yes, _(it) are.6.-Is the girl _(you) friend? Yes, _(her) is.7.This is a boy. _ name is Jim. _ is my friend.8.-Is the pen _(she)? -No,it isnt_(she) pen, its _(he).9.This is her ruler.=This ruler is_.10.Is that your backpack?=_?11.Are these their books?=_?知识点：Section A1.excuse me劳驾；对不起；请原谅(常用于打扰别人之前)(Im )sorry.对不起（用于做错事/说错话之后的道歉用语）2.What/How about +名词/动名词/代词宾格？.怎么样？;.好吗？（询问消息或提出建议）3.Thank you for+名词/动名词=Thanks for+名词/动名词 为.而感谢Thank you for your help.=Thanks for helping me.感谢你的帮助。4. Youre welcome.不用谢 Thats all right./Thats OK./Not at all.5.How do you spell it?=Spell it,please. （直接拼写）-Can you spell it, please? (先回答Yes再拼写) 6.失物招领处Lost and FoundSection B1.电子游戏a computer game2.在学校图书馆in the school library 在教室里in the classroom 3.向某人要某物ask.for.4.给某人发电子邮件e-mail sb. at+邮箱地址 打电话找某人call sb. at +电话号码5. 学生证school ID card 一个身份证an ID card6.must+动词原形 “必须.”7. 一串钥匙a set of keys a set of表示“一套”“一幅”等。如： 一套书籍a set of books 一套音乐CD唱片a set of music CDs8some 一些，某些（常用于肯定句中）any一些，某些（常用于否定句或一般疑问句中）Eg. _ books are in the school library. -Are there _ keys on the desk? No, there arent_.Unit 4语法：询问物体位置-Wheres +单数名词/不可数名词? - Its under/ on /in the . -Where are +复数名词？ -They are under/ on /in the 1 介词短语：（1）on在.上面 如：on the sofa /desk /table/bed在沙发/书桌/桌子/床上面 on your head在你的头上 on the teachers desk在讲台上（2）under在.下面 如:under the bed /table/desk/chair/radio在床/桌子/书桌/椅子/收音机下（3）in在.里面 如：in the schoolbag/bookcase/pencil box在书包/书柜/铅笔盒里面 in your grandparents room在你祖父母的房间里 in my room在我的房间里2.快点，赶快（表示催促、鼓励、安慰等）come on=hurry up3. 对不起，我不知道Sorry, I dont know. 你知道吗？Do you know?Section B1.录音机tape player2.飞机模型model plane3.英语课本an English book4.英语中，把两个独立的短句用and 或but连接一个句子称为并列句。其中，and表示顺接“和，并且，而且，同时”的意思；but表示转折，“但是，然而”的意思。 Eg. We are here, _ youre there.My room is tidy,_ Marys room is not.5.到处；处处everywhere=here and thereUnit 5语法：动词have的用法(“有”，强调拥有或占有，是所属关系。)肯定句：I / We / You / They have . He / She / It / Gina / My brother has.否定句：I / We / You / They dont have . He / She / It / Gina / My brother doesnt have.一般疑问句：Do you/we/they have.? Yes, .do. /No, .dont. Does he/she/it/Gina/your brother have.? Yes,.does. /No, .doesnt特殊疑问句：What do you/they/we have?What does he/she/it/Gina/your brother have?Eg.一、用have/has填空：1.I _ a family. 2.We _ a computer. You _ a computer,too.3.Jim and Tom _ a computer.4.Kate_a computer.5.His friend _ a story book.6.Does your father _ a car? 二、把下面句子先改为否定句，然后变为一般疑问句并回答。1.I have a ping-pong ball.2.He has a computer.3.She has a tape player.4.They have a baseball bat.5.My sister has some books.Section A1.足球soccer ball2.网球tennis ball 网球拍tennis racket3.乒乓球ping-pong ball 乒乓球拍ping-pong bat 棒球拍baseball bat 4.Lets +动词原形=Let us +动词原形 让我们.let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”. 对该祈使句所表示的建议肯定回答一般用OK. / All right. / Yes, lets .，否定回答一般用Sorry, I .等回答。OK. / All right. / Yes, lets .，否定回答一般用Sorry, I .等回答。我们走吧。Lets go。 让我去拿它。 Let me get it.我们去玩Lets play. 我们去问问吧。Lets ask.我们去打篮球吧。Lets play basketball.5.迟到be late .迟到了be late for.6.play动词，表示“玩，打球、踢球”或“弹奏乐器”。注意：球类名词之前不加the，而乐器前面要加the.打网球play tennis 打乒乓球play ping-pong 踢足球play soccer 打排球play volleyball 打篮球play basketball打棒球play baseball进行体育运动或比赛play sports 玩电子游戏play computer games7.那听上去很有趣That sounds interesting.That sounds +形容词（interesting, fun, relaxing, good, boring，difficult）类似的表达法，look happy看上去很高兴，sound like听起来像，look like看起来像。Section B1.看电视watch TV 在电视上观看它们watch them(sports) on TVwatch的用法，watch作名词时，是“手表”，其复数为watches。watch作动词讲，意思是“观看、注视”，在英语中看电视和看比赛不用see，而用watch（第三人称单数为watches）。看足球比赛watch the football game 2.上同一所学校go to the same school different schools不同的学校在同一所学校in the same school3.在学校at school 在家at home4.with +名词/代词宾格 “和，与，跟.一起”5.Its easy for me. 这对我来说挺容易的。Its +adj. + for sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是.的。6.下课后after class 放学后after school Unit 6语法:一、可数名词与不可数名词：A、名词单数变复数主要有以下规则： 1.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 例：friendfriends; catcats; sportsports; 2.凡是以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es 例：busbuses; box boxes; watch watches; class classes; 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 例：storystories strawberry strawberries; dictionary dictionaries; 4.以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 （英雄爱吃土豆西红柿） 例：heroheroes,tomatotomatoes;,potatopotatoes B不规则变化manmen（男人）, womanwomen（女人）,.ChineseChinese(中国人) JapaneseJapanese(日本人) ,footfeet（脚）, toothteeth（牙齿）, childchildren（小孩）注意：以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。例如：woman doctorwomen doctors, man teachermen teachers. 二、谈论喜好：1.一般疑问句：-Do you like? -Yes, I do. No, I dont.-Do they like? -Yes, they do. No, they dont. -Does he / she like? -Yes, he / she does. No, he / she doesnt. 2.肯定句： 3.否定句：I/We/You/They like. I/We/You/They dontlike.He/She/It/Jane likes. He/She/It/Jane doesnt like. 4.特殊疑问句：What do you/they like.? What does he/she/it/Jane like?注意：like sth. 喜欢. like doing sth.喜欢做某事（表习惯、爱好） like to do sth.喜欢做某事（表具体某一次喜欢）eg.I like playing soccer,but I dont like to play it now.练习：用所给词的适当形式填空：1.I _(like) _(tamato)and _(potato).2.We _(like)_(strawberry)and _(hamburger).3.They_(like)_(banana),but_(not like) _(apple).4.My brother_(not like)_(salad), he_(like)_(ice-cream).5._Gina _(like) _(pear)?6.Lets _(have) _(milk) and _(bread).7.That _(sound) good.Section A1. John 的生日晚餐 Johns birthady dinner2.下周next week3. 思考，考虑think about4. .怎么样？what/how about 5.你说得对Youre right =Right.好吧all right=OK.不用谢谢；没关系Thats all right.=Thats OK6.我认为.I think+从句注意：变否定句I dont think +肯定句。Section B1.体育明星Sports star2.吃得好eat well 足球踢得好play soccer well（不用good）3.询问某人关于某事ask sb. about.4.饮食习惯eating habits5.早/中/晚餐吃什么？What do you like for breakfast/lunch/dinner?6.你喜欢吃什么水果？What fruit do you like?7.健康的be healthy health n.healthy adj.8.最后一个问题one last question9. 晚饭后after dinner10. 想要变胖want to be fat 想要做某事want to do sth.补全对话:A: Hello, Linda! (1) _ eggs?B: Yes, I (2) _. What about you?A: I like eggs. And my mother likes eggs, too. (3) _ eggs?B: No, my mother does. She likes bread and milk for breakfast. (4)_ your mother?A: She likes chicken and French fries.B: (5) _?A: Oh! My father likes hamburgers and ice cream.B: (6)_?A: No, he doesnt like carrots. He likes broccoli. Do you like broccoli?B: No, I dont.Unit 7语法:一、询问价格How much is +单数名词/不可数名词？ Its +.How much are+复数名词？ Theyre.=Whats the price of +.? .多少钱？注意：中国货币单位为不可数名词，外国的货币单位是可数名词。二、基数词规律总结1.112逐个记忆，1319以-teen结尾,几十以-ty结尾，2199先说整十加上连字符“”，再说个位数。例如：21 twenty-one 56 fifty-six2.若是几百几十，百后跟and,再加上一位（两位）数。例如：528 five hundred and twenty_eight, 101 one hundred and oneSection A1.我能帮你吗？（服务员提供服务用语）Can I help you?=What can I do for you? 回答：Yes, please. /No, thanks.2.需要某物need sth. 需要做某事need to do sth. 3.你想要什么颜色？What color do you want?4.它看起来很漂亮。It looks nice. Look +形容词“看起来.”5.我买下了。Ill take it/ them.6.一双两美元Two dollars for one pair. 两双三美元Three dollars for two pairs. 一双袜子a pair of socks 两双袜子two pairs of socks7.给你。Here you are.Section B1.服装店Clothes Store2.来买e and buy. 来到e to.3.大甩买at our great sale 以优惠的价格at very good prices 促销中on sale 4.只要15美元的毛衣sweaters for only 15 dollars5.对于男孩/女孩来说for boys/girls6.紫色的裙子skirts in purple=purple skirts7.一双黑色的校鞋a pair of black shoes for school 运动鞋shoes for sports =sports shoes8.把.卖给.sell.to. 从.买.buy.from.Unit 8语法：一、when引导的特殊疑问句 when对时刻、日期、月份、年等时间状语提问。Eg.1.My birthday is in July.2.He plays baseball this week.二、基数词变序数词的规律英语中，用来表示事物的数目的词是基数词，用来表示事物顺序的词是序数词。那么基数词变序数的口诀是什么呢？根据所给基数词，写出相应的序数词。1.two2.three3.four _4.five_5.eight_6.nine7.twelve_ 8.fifteen_9.twenty_10.thirty-one _注意：“基变序有规律，结尾字母是th”，“一、二、三特殊记，结尾字母t,d,d”,“八去t，九去e,f要把ve替”，“ty将y变成i,th前面有个e”,“几十几，也好记，只变个位就可以”。注意：在基数词改为序数词时，多数都在基数词尾加th，但one,too,three所对应的序数词依次为first,second和third（即“结尾字母t,d,d”）。eight在加th时要去掉末尾字母t(eighteighth，即“八去t”）；nine在加th时要去掉字母e（nineninth,即“九去e”)；以ve结尾在加th时，应先把ve用f换掉，然后再加th。（如：fivefifth,twelvetwelfth,即f要把ve替）；以ty结尾的基数词在变成序数词，应先将y变i，th前面还要加上字母e（如：twentytwentieth,thirtythirtieth,ninetyninetieth等，即ty把y变成i，th前面还有一个e）；类似twenty-four,twenty-six这样“几十几”的基数词在改为序数词时，只需变个位就可以了。如：twenty-fourtwenty-fourth,twenty-sixtwenty-sixth等。Section A1. 你的生日是什么时候？When is your birthday?=Whats the date of your birth?回答：Its / My birthday is on/in.今天是什么日期？Whats the date today?2.表时间的介词的用法：in后接年、月、季节，上午、下午、晚上； on后接星期、具体某天或某天上午、下午、晚上；at后接具体的时刻。Eg._ Sunday ,_ the morning of June,6th,_Teachers Day_ July1st of 2014, _the morning, _ September,_2014,_ spring(春天),_6:003.生日快乐！-Happy birthday. Thank you.新年快乐！-Happy New Year! 你也一样！The same to you./You,too.4.你多大了？-How old are you?=Whats your age? Im +基数词 （years old）.他/她多大了？-How old is he/she?=Whats his /her age? Hes/Shes.5.来参加我的生日聚会come to my birthday party6.想要做某事want to do sth.7.今天下午this afternoonSection B1.举行学校郊游have a school trip 举行学校活动日have a School Day2.举行篮球/排球/足球比赛have a basketball /volleyball /soccer game3.举行英语测试have an English test 举行英语节have an English Day 举行英语聚会have an English party举行生日聚会have a birthday party4.举行体育节have a Sports Day5.举行艺术/音乐节 have an art festival/ music festival6.举行图书展销have a book sale7.这个学期this term8.next month next week next year9.玩得开心 have a good time=have fun 10.在上午/下午/晚上in the morning/afternoon/eveningUnit 9语法：特殊疑问句特殊疑问句=疑问词+一般疑问句。常见疑问词有：Why