初一英语名词讲解及练习.docx

精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载名词一、名词分类：名词分为 一般名词 和专出名词一般名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger 等。物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice 等。抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education 等。 专出名词：表示个人、国家、的方、机构、组织等的专出名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama,China Central Television 等。名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1.一般名词： 可数名词和不行数名词1 可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词个体名词 : 表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。A. 单数表示 “一个 ”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a 或 an 。如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果） 、an orange（一个橘子）等。B. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如 two pencils（两枝铅笔） 、three weeks（三周） 等。集合名词： 表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规章名词复数形式的构成和不规章名词复数形式的构成。规章名词复数形式的构成词形复数形式的构成方法例 词cat cats book-books可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结大多数名词以 s、x 、ch、sh 结尾的名词在词尾加 -s。（在清辅音后读s，在浊辅音及元音后读 z 。）在词尾加-es, 读作 iz 。dog-dogs bag bagsboy- boys glass glasses match matches可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结以辅音字母+y结把 y 变成i , 加 -es, 读 作 izcity cities可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结尾的名词但专出名词例外，直接在y 后加 -s, 读作zCanadian CanadiansAmerican Americans tomato tomatoes可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结以辅音字母+o结 一般直接加-es,读作 z;尾的名词potato potatoes可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结以元音字母 +o 结尾的名词以 f 或 fe 结尾的名某些词例外 ,加 -skilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photoszoo zoos直接加-s, 但读作 zradio radios有的直接加-s, 读作 zroof roofs leaf leaves可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结词大多数要将f 或 fe 变为 v,再加 -es,读作 zwife wivesknife knives yourself-yourselves可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载不规章名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点例 词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结通过转变词内元音字母man menfoot feettooth teethmouse mice（老鼠）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结通过在词尾加 -en 或-renox oxen（牛）child children可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结单复数形式相同a sheep two sheepa deer two deer （鹿）a Chinese two Chinese （中国人）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结留意事项 :只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police特别名词的讲解： people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。There are five people in my family.我家有五口人。There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56 个民族。 clothes 等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例： My favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts， scissors 等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式显现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of 表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。例： Your pants are blue.This pair of pants is mine.集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。His familyisa large family.指整体His familylikeanimals. 指成员 有的名词单复数意思不同：fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类 , paper 纸 papers 报纸，卷子，论文 , work 工作works 作品，工厂 , glass玻璃glasses 玻璃杯，眼镜 , orange 桔子水oranges 橙子 , light 光线lights 灯 , people 人peoples 民族 , time 时间times 时代 , 次数 , chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡例： hair 和 fruit通常作单数，表示总体。My hair is black.我的头发是黑色的。I like fruit .It s goo我d 喜for欢y水ou果.,水果对你的身体有好处。但假如表示如干根头发或各种水果，就需用复数形式. Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜爱梨，桃和其它水果。Exercise:一）在后面加s。如： cat-cats bag-bags day-daysfathers,books,Americans 1、Some are flying kites near the river.A. childB. boyC. boysD. childs可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载二） x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。如： class classesmatch matchesbox- boxes dish - dishesboxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes1. There are many fox in the picture. 2 The has two .A. boys, watchesB. boy, watchC. boy, watchesD. boys, watch三）以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories1. Their dictionary look new.以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s。元音是字母a,e,i,o,u如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以 o 结尾 没有生命的 加 s（外来词）。如：photos，zoos ,pianos, radios,（有生命的）加es：如 : tomatoes 西红柿 , potatoes 马铃薯1、We need some more . Can you go and get some, please.A. potatoB. potatosC. potatoesD.potatoe 2 There are lots of in the basket on the table.A. tomatosB. tomatoC. tomatoesD. tomatoss可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. Let's take 4. I have lots of photo, OK. tomato here.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加 es。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves1、Please remember to give the horse some tree_ .A. leafsB. leavesC. leafD.leave2、Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident.A. person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life3. The leaf on the tree turn-yellow.六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese, Germen1、-Are there any on the farm.-Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duckC. chickenD. sheep2、There are a lot of down there but hardly any .A. sheeps, peopleB. sheep, peopleC. sheeps, peoplesD. sheep, peoples 3 Can you see nine in the picture.A. sheepB. dogC. pigD. horse 4 There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, GermenB. Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese, GermansD. Japaneses, Germans5. How many sheep are there on the hill.七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks1. There are five people in his family.2、There are a lot of down there but hardly any .A. sheeps, peopleB.sheep, peopleC. sheeps, peoplesD. sheep, peoples3、Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident. A.person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载police 警察局，警察 , class 班，同学 , family 家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies,Looker-on Lookers-on1、The police investigated those about the accident.A. stander-byC. standers-byB. stander-bysD. standers-bys但假如是由man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数就同时为复数 。如： man doctor-men doctors,woman teacher-women teachers 1、All the in the hospital got a rise last month.a.women doctorsc.woman doctorsb. women doctord.woman doctor 2 Two would come to the village.A.woman-doctorsB.women doctorC.women doctorsD.woman doctors3. They are woman doctors.十）特别形式的有：man-men, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen，woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth1、One of Mike s was hurt in the accident yesterday.A. toothB.feetC.handD.ear 2、The little baby has two already.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths3. The cat caught two last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouseD. mices 4 The Japanese will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. womanB. womenC. manD. men 5 The boy often brushes his before he goes to bed.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths6. The deer has four .A. footB. feetC. feetsD. foots7. The baby has only two tooth now.2 不行数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名词： 表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health, happiness, help个体名词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结集体名词可数名词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结一般名词专出名词留意事项 ：物质名词抽象名词不行数名词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载1. 不行数名词没有复数变化,不能与 a/an 或表示详细数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little 等词。如 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词 +量词 +Of+ 名词来表述。用量词修饰时，第一 要留意量词的单复数。然后 要留意名词是否可数,不行数时用单数,可数时用复数,如：one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice .ten kilos of apples.Exercise:1、They are thirsty. Will you please give them .A. some bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of waterD. some bottle of waters2、There is some on the plate盘子 .A. cakesB. meatC. potatoD. pears 3、Please pass me .A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of watersC. two glasses of waterD. two glass water4、This table is made of .A. many glassB. glassesC. some glassesD.glass5、Mr. Smith always has to tell us.A. some good pieces of newsB. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of newsD. some piece of good news6、Generally there are television programs for children on Saturday.A.littleB. muchC.a large number ofD.a large amount of对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many 。对不行数名词的数量提问要用how much ，但对不行数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many 。如：I would like two apples. How many apples would you like. I want some bread. How much bread do you want.I want three glasses of water. How many glasses of water do you want ？ 询问价格用How much ，如 : How much is the coat.How much are the coats.二.名词的全部格全部格的构成： 1. 有生命的名词2. 无生命的名词有生命的名词（ 1）一般单数名词后加's.如： my brother's book ， Jack's cat， the girl's pen（ 2）以 -s 结尾的复数名词的全部格，只需在名词右上方加。如： the girls dormitory ， a teachers' college留意：在不规章复数名词后，要加's.如： women's clothes.（ 3）假如一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加's， 如：Tom and Peter's room汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）（ 4） 假如一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加's.如 ： Tom's and Peter's rooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）无生命名词 : 无生命的名词的全部格，通常用“of+名词 ”的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room（房间的窗户）a picture of the horse（一张马的照片）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载名词习题一写出以下名词的复数形式：1. house 2. it 3. zoo 4. orange 5. bag 6. exercise 7. brush 8. family 9. bus 10. city 11. box 12. baby 13. class 14. factory 15. glass 16. dictionary 17. watch 18. woman 19. match 20. man 21. this 22. German 23. tomato 24. policeman 25. kilo 26. human 27. potato 28. Chinese 29. shelf 30. Japanese 31. leaf 32. American 33. life 34. tooth 35. wife 36. foot 37. knife 38. sheep 39. half 40. child 41.tooth 42.mouth 二挑选填空：1. I want to buy .A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of ink2. They don t have to d_o today.C. two bottle of inksD. two bottles of inksA. much homeworkB. many homeworksC. many homeworkD. much homeworks3. There are three and seven in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepD. cow, sheeps4. June 1 is .A. children s dayB. children s DayC. Children s DayD. Children s day5. room is next to their parents .A. Kate s and Joan sB. Kate s and JoanC. Kate and Joan sD. Kate and Joan6. Miss Green is a friend of .A. Mary s mother s B. Mary s motherC. Mary mother sD. mother s of Mary7. Sheep white and milk also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isD. are, are8. Iikde lto have a glass of milk and .A. two breadsB. two pieces of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread9. Many are singing over there.A. womanB. womenC. girlD. child10. He bought .A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoesC. two pairs of shoeD. two pair of shoe11. Mr. White has three .A. childB. childrenC. childsD. childrens12. -Are these . - No, they aren t. They re .A.sheep, cowsB. sheep, cowC. sheeps, cowD. sheeps, cows13. There are many in the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsD. bread14. - Whose room is this. -It s .A. Li MingB. Li Ming sC. Li MingsD. Li Mings 15. Here are for you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD. some tomato16. Here are some birthday cards with our best for her.A. wishB. hopeC. wishesD. hopes可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载17. I always go to that to buy food on Sunday.A. shopB. parkC. zooD. garden18. room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily s C. Lucy s and LilyD. Lucy s aLnidly s19. Mum, I m quite thirsty. Please give me .A. two orangeB. two bottle of orangesC. two bottles of orangeD. two bottles of oranges20. 10. The cat caught two last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouseD. mices21. I met some in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JanpanesesB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English22. There are two in the room.A. shelfB. shelfsC. shelfesD. shelves23. There are seven in a week.A. yearsB. monthsC. daysD. minutes24. My father is a . He works in a hospital.A. teacherB. doctorC. farmerD. writer25. - Excuse me, are you . - Yes, I m from .A. Japan, JapaneseB. China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD. American, America26. Theyare jackets.A. Lucy sB. Lucy 27. What color is coat.A. Peter sB. Peter 28. These are books.A. teachers sB. teachers 29. They are ice creamsA. childrenB. childrens30. This is bag.A. Tom and PeterB.Tom s and Peter s31. Where are .A. the school s studentsB. studentsofthe school32. Those are bags.A. drivers sB. drivers33. This bag is .A.Mary s and Tom s B.Mary and Toms34. fathers are coming.A. Mary s and KateB.sMary s and Kate C.Mary and Kates35. How are these books.A. manyB. much36. This pair of pants blue. I like very much.A. is, itB. are, themC. is, them37.How glasses of water do you want.D. are, itA. manyB. much38. This is .A. Mike and Jim's bikeC. Mike's and Jim's bikeB. Mike's and Jim bikeD. Mike and Jim bike39. These are .A. Amy and Lingling s roomB. Amy s and Lingling s roomC. Amy s and Lingling s roDo.mAsmy and Lingling s room40. My big and my happy.A. family isfamily areB. family isfamilies are三依据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of to do. homework2. There are seven _ in a week. day可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载3. How many _ can you see. tomato4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of . glass6. There