考研英语二图表作文写作方法和模板非常全有作用.docx

精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -考研英语二 _图表作文写作方法和模板图表作文（一）第一节图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。表作文表格 Table 可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题Title 、表头Boxhead表格的第一行、侧目 Stub 表格左边的第一列和主体 Body 部分 表格的其余部分 等部分组成。如下表：用表格表达的信息详细精确， 而且表格中的各项均按肯定规律排列。 阅读表格时要留意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系， 表格中各个项目的变化规律。 例如， 上面的表格中的数字说明，和 1978 年相比， 1983 年高校入学的人数在增加，而学校的入学人数在削减。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。图作文图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。(1) 圆形图作文圆形图 Pie chart也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图由于比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别简洁辨论，所以常用来表示总量和各重量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示重量。 有时圆形图仍有数值表，两者结合可把各重量表示得更精确、清晰。例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain.As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%,thefouressentialsoflife,thatis,food,transport,housing,andclothingand footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.(2) 曲线图作文曲线图 Line graph也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发 展过程和趋势。 一般来说， 曲线所出现的外形比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。 一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点39 ，此后始终呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点16 。可见， 1990年的交通事故的数量总 体上呈下降的趋势。(3) 条形图作文条形图 Bargraph 也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1 同一项目在不同时间的量;2 同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最终找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如：左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命Life Expectancy，这一条形图想要表达的是同一项目期望寿命 在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -代表婴儿的死亡率Infant Mortality，这一条形图想要表达的也是同一项目婴儿的死亡率在不同时间的量。左边的条形图说明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20 岁，而 1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50% 。其次节图表作文的出题形式例 1题目： Changes in People s DietStudy the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :1. state the changes in people s diet 饮食 in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible.例 2题目： Car Accidents Declining in Walton CityRemember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reasons for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -例 3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topicHealth Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions given in Chinese:1. 以下图为依据描述进展中国家的期望寿命lifeexpectancy和婴儿死亡率infantmortality的变化情形2. 说明引起变化的各种缘由从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时仍用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1) 用文字描述图表，客观说明图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;2) 就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其缘由或后果。第三节图表作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的详细数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情形等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此， 图表作文常常采纳谈论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文， 关键在于能否读懂图表中所供应的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用精确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要留意遵循以下步骤：1) 仔细分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;2) 确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，挑选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -据;3) 编列文章的提纲;4) 依据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，留意段与段之间的连接与过渡;5) 检查与修改。 图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时， 常采纳三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。其次段分析造成这一问题或趋势的缘由。第三段就展望将来的情形或提出解决问题的方法或建议。这一结构可以简洁的表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想其次段：分析产生的缘由第三段：展望将来或提出方法或建议图表作文常用的句型(1) 常用的开篇句型 即概述图表内容常常用的表达法 According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that依据该表 / 图，我们可知 Thetable/graphrevealsshows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out that该表/ 图说明 As we can see from the table可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -As can be seen from the line/bar graphAs is shown illustrated/indicated in the pie chart如表/ 图所示，(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型 Compared withis still increased by The number ofgrew/rose fromto An increase is shown in; then came a sharp increaseof Inthe number remains the same/drops toTherewasaveryslightsmall/slow/gradual rise/increase in 1990. Therewasaverysteadymarked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramaticdropdecrease/decline/fall/reductionin1998/compared with that of last year.下面是依据例2 的题目要求写的范文。 From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton cityfluctuatedduringtheyearof1990. Thefirsttwomonthsof1990showedan increasing trend. The raterose to32 in March butfell to26 in June. From June on , theratewasrisingagainandreachedthepeakpoint39inAugust. AfterAugust the rate began to declineremarkably, and eventuallydropped to the lowest poin t 16attheendoftheyear. Therefore,it s obviousthatcaraccidentin Walton city declined in 1990.主题句 / 概述表格反映的内容5 反映交通事故的变化可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -情形 6 小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势 There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was madeandcameintoforce . Itprovidedthatinsummereverycarmustbe air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and hightemperaturemakedriversimpatientandeasilyleadtocaraccidents,dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened,which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made greatefforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic rules.主题句缘由/措施一说明措施一/ 次要帮助实行措施一后的结果缘由/ 措施二缘由 / 措施三 With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.总结：展望将来的情形第四节、图表作文练习及其参考范文下面是写作练习，在写作的过程中留意审题，考虑文章的结构、采纳的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。练习1 ： Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritea composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in People s Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the informationgiven in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1. state the changes in people s diet 饮食 in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -You should quote as few figures as possible. Asis showninthetable,therehavebeengreatchangesinpeople'sdiet between1986and1990. Fromthetable,wecanfindthatgrain,formerlythemain food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in people'sdiet. Andthesamegoesforfruitandvegetables. Ontheotherhand,the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has increased rapidly. What has caused these changes. There are mainly three reasons 主题句 . 6 First,peoplearemuchwealthierthanbefore.7Withhigherincome,theycanafford to buy nutritious foods. 8 Second, people have realized the importance of abalanceddiettotheirhealth.9Lackofcertainamountofmeatormilk,for example, will result in poor health. 10 Finally,owing tothe economic reform, meatand milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.11 Although milk and meat are important to one's health, eating too muchrichfoodmayresultinobesityandmayotherdiseases.12Therefore,people shouldnotonlyeatalotofmilkandmeat,butalsoenoughgrain,fruitand vegetable for the sake of their health.图表作文（二）一、图表作文写作常识1 、图形种类及概述法：泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -饼图： pie chart直方图或柱形图： bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图： line chart / curve diagram 表格图： table流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram程序图： processing/procedures diagram2 、常用的描述用法The table/chart diagram/graph shows（ that ）According to the table/chart diagram/graphAs （ is ） shown in the table/chart diagram/graphAs can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，figures/statistics shows（ that ）It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statisticsIt is apparent from the figures/statistics table/chart/diagram/graph figures（that ） table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how3 、图表中的数据（Data ）详细表达法数据（ Data ）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time连续变化的data在不怜悯形下：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -增加： increase / raise / rise / go up削减： decrease / grow down / drop / fall波动： fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave稳固： remain stable / stabilize / level off最常用的两种表达法：动词 + 副词形式（ Verb+Adverb form）形容词 + 名词形式（ Adjective+Noun form）二、相关常用词组1 、主章开头图表类型： table 、chart 、diagramgraph、column chart、pie graph描述：show 、describe 、illustrate、can be seen from、clear 、apparent、reveal 、represent内容： figure 、statistic 、number、percentage、proportion 2 、表示数据变化的单词或者词组rapid/rapidly快速的，飞速的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply锋利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply急剧升降的steady/steadily稳固的，坚决不移的gradual/gradually渐进的，逐步的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly 稍微的、略微的 stable/stably 稳 定 的3 、其它在描述中的常用到的词significant changes图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend明显趋势during the same period在同一时期grow/grew增长distribute分布，区分unequally不相等的in the case of adv.在的情形下in terms of / in respect of / regarding在方面in contrast相反，大不相同 government policy政府政策 market forces市场规率measuren. 尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调剂 forecastn.先见，预见 v.猜测三、英语图表写作套句精选1. thetableshowsthechangesinthenumberofovertheperiodfromto该表格描述了在年之年间数量的变化。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -2. the bar chart illustrates that该柱状图展现了3. the graph provides some interesting data regarding该图为我们供应了有关好玩数据。4. the diagram shows（ that ）该图向我们展现了5. the pie graph depicts（that ）该圆形图揭示了6. this is a cure graph which describes the trend of这个曲线图描述了的趋势。7. the figures/statistics show（ that ）数据（字）说明8. the tree diagram reveals how该树型图向我们揭示了如何 9.the data/statistics show（ that ）该数据（字）可以这样懂得 10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that这些数据资料令我们得出结论11. asis shown/demonstrated/exhibitedin thediagram/graph/chart/table如下列图12. according to the chart/figures依据这些表（数字）13. as is shown in the table如表格所示14. as can be seen from the diagram， great changes have taken place in从图中可以看出，发生了庞大变化。15. fromthetable/chart/diagram/figure， wecanseeclearlythatoritis clear/apparent from the chart that从图表我们可以很清晰（明显）看到16. this is a graph which illustrates这个图表向我们展现了17. this table shows the changing proportion of a & b fromto可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -该表格描述了年到年间a 与 b 的比例关系。18. the graph， presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in该图以圆形图形式描述了总的趋势。19. this is a column chart showing这是个柱型图，描述了20. as can be seen from the graph， the two curves show the fluctuation of如下列图，两条曲线描述了的波动情形。21. over the period fromtotheremained level.在至期间，基本不变。22. in the year betweenand在年到期间23. in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 19981995年至 1998三年里24. from then on/from this time onwards从那时起25. thenumberofremainedsteady/stablefrom（ month/year）to（month/year）。月（年）至月（年）的数量基本不变。26. the number sharply went up to数字急剧上升至27. thepercentageofstayedthesamebetweenand至期间的比率维护不变。28. the figures peaked atin （ month/year）的数目在月（年）达到顶点，为29. the percentage remained steady at比率维护在30. the percentage ofis slightly larger/smaller than that of比例比的比例略高（低）。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 39 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -31. there is not a great deal of difference betweenand与的区分不大。32. the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of该图