高中化学基础概念理论总结 .docx

精品名师归纳总结高中化学基础概念理论总结（Theoretical summary of basic concepts in senior high school chemistry）Theoretical summary of basic concepts in senior high schoolchemistry1. oxides that react with water to produce acids are acidic oxidesThe erroris thatan oxide thatproduces only acid can be defined as an acid oxideThe greater the bond energy in 2. molecules, the more stable the molecular chemical properties.Correct3. the metal activity order in which the metal in front of hydrogen can displace hydrogen from the acid solutionError,Sn, Pb and otherreactionsare not obvious,encountered weak acidalmost does not react;whileinthe strongoxidizing acid may not get H2, such as nitric acid4. the substance that reacts withthe acidand reactswiththe base is either an amphoteric oxide or an amphoteric hydroxideErrors such as SiO2 can react with HF/NaOH at the same time, but it is an acid oxide5. atom of the outermost layer of e- is less than or equal to可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2 is a metal atom; the outer metal atom electron number is 1/2/3/4/5/6/7Wrong, outside the atomic nucleus of the outermost layer of e- is less than or equal to 2 can be He, H and other non metal atoms; the outer metal atom electron number is 1/2/3/4/5/6, 117 metal elements in the outermost layer of 7e- has no clear conclusion6. nonmetal atoms are weak in oxidation, and the reducibility of their anions is strongerCorrect7. of the total number of protons, the same two kinds ofparticleshave the same number of electronscan be: 1atoms;2 atoms and molecules; 3 molecules and molecules of atoms and ions; 4; 5 molecules and ions; 6 anion and cation cation 7; He Yang ionError, these groups are not: 4 atoms and ions; 5 molecules and ions; 6 anions and cations; 7 cations and cations8. , salt and alkali react to produce new salts and bases; acids and bases react only to produce salts and waterWrong, such as 10HNO3+3Fe OH 2=3Fe NO3 3+NO = +8H2OThe two acids of 9.pH=2 and pH=4 are mixed, and the pH value of the mixture must be between 2 and 4Wrong, such as 2H2S+H2SO3=3S: +3H2O可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结10. strong electrolytes are ionic in the ionic equationThe strong electrolyte and H2SO4 that are insoluble in water should be written as moleculesThe 11. ionization compounds only H+ cation can make purple litmus redWrong, like water12. formic acid ionization equation is: HCOOH=H+ + COOH-Errorfirst,ionizationisreversible,followedby formateion should be HCOO-13. ioniccrystalsare ioniccompounds, and molecularcrystals are covalent compoundsMany molecules are elementary substances14. generally, metal oxides, colloidal particles of metal hydroxides, are positively chargedCorrectIn the 15. element periodic table, the number of elements in each cycle satisfies 2n2 n is the natural numberYes, note that n is not a periodic ordinal可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The strong solution of the 16. strong electrolyte is stronger than the concentrated solution of the weak electrolyteA weak solution with a strong electrolyte solubility,concentratedsolutionwith a weak electrolytedue to incomplete ionization, a weak conductivity, such as a saturated solutionof BaSO4In the 17. standard,the totalnumber of carbon atoms inCOand CO2 mixed with 22.4L at any proportion is about NACorrect18. at the same pressure, with the quality of two kinds of gas volume ratio is equal to two kinds of inverse gas densityCorrectThe diameter of the ultrafine powder particles in the 19. nanometer material is in the same order of magnitude as that of the colloidal particlesCorrect, both are 10-100nmWhen20.1molOH- dischargescompletelyduringelectrolysis,the circuit passes through NA electronsRight, 4OH- + O2 = 4e- = 2H2O21. the amount of Na2SO3, Na2S, NaHSO3 and H2SO3 in the same volume and mass concentration decreases in turn可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Correct, it is suggested that the conservation of electricity from the angle of understandingThe relativeatomic mass of 22. carbon -12 is12, and the molar mass of carbon -12 is 12g/molCorrect23., electrolysis, electrophoresis, ionization and electrochemical corrosion all need to be carried out under electrified conditions, all of which are chemical changesError, ionization does not require energization, electrochemical corrosion itself produces local current, electrophoresis is a physical changeTwenty-fourOil,starch,protein,phenol,ethylene,nitroglycerin,sodium alum, Al2S3, Mg3N2, CaC2, etc. under certain conditions canundergo hydrolysisError, ethylene hydrolysisThe presence of K+ and Cl- 25. potassium chloride crystal; sodium peroxide in the presence of Na+ and O- for 1:1; Si, O atoms exist only in quartzThe error in Na+ and O2 2-, sodium hydroxide 2:1, without O-, the presence of impurities in quartz可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结26. , NA NO2 gas molecules in a standard condition, the volume of about 22.4LError, NO2 will partially double poly as N2O427. at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, 32g oxygen contains NA oxygen molecules; 60gSiO2 contains NA molecules, 3NA atomsError, there are no molecules in SiO228. particles that make up molecular crystals must contain covalent bondsA rare gas in solid state in the form of a monatomic molecule crystal29. ,colloidsproduce electrophoresis,so colloidsdo not carry chargesError, colloid with chargeThe smaller the pH value of the 30. solution is, the more hydrogen ion it containsError does not indicate volume31. only anions exist in ionic compoundsError.The anions in the solutionexistin the form of hydration可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The melting of 32. atomic crystals requires destruction of polar bonds or nonpolar covalent bondsCorrect33.NH3, Cl2, SO2 and so on are all non electrolytes Error, Cl2 is neither electrolyte nor non electrolyteThe melting point of 34. molecule crystals is not necessarily lower than that of metal crystalsRight. For example, Hg is liquid at normal temperature35. ,the meltingpointof the same primarygroup elements does not necessarilyrisefrom top to bottom,but the meltingpoint of the hydride risesThe melting point of hydrides is not necessarily higher than that of hydrogen bonds36. after electrolysis of copper sulfate solution or silver nitrate solution, the acidity of the solution will increaseError, if Cu is used as anode, electrolytic acidity will be reducedIn 37. sodium chloridecrystals,thereare 6 nearestand equal sodium ions around each sodium ion可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Wrong, there are 1238. 1L 1mol/L FeCl3 solution is completely hydrolyzed to produce colloidal particles of NAThe error is far smaller than NA, and a colloidal particle in the colloid is made up of many ions39. in HF, PCl3, P4, CO2, SF6 and other molecules, all atoms meet the outermost 8e- structureError, HF and SF6 are not satisfied40. , the outermost layer of metal elements less electronic, must be more than the outermost electronic number of metal elements more livelyErrors such as Ag and Ca可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载