（整理版高中英语）市高考英语完形填空阅读理解训练题（2）及答案2.doc

市高考英语完形填空、阅读理解训练题2及答案阅读理解专题-猜词悟义 一、题型特点与解题技巧在英语阅读中， 利用上下文或句子结构猜想词义是学生必备的阅读能力之一。培养猜想词义的能力，不仅有助于提高阅读速度，扩大词汇量， 还能增强学习英语的信心。 一、巧借生词本身 在英语文章中， 一些人名、地名、节日等专有名词不影响理解，对它们可就词论词，不必猜想词义。例如. 1.The largest spider in the world is the goliath tarantula. 2.Held on a farm, the Glastonbury festival is the most well-known and popular in the U.K.二、巧用上下文信息 在阅读中， 可根据上下文的语境暗示， 运用逻辑推理来猜想生词词义。例如： 1.He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal, he will not give up easily.2.The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood. 三、利用同义词或近义词 为使自己的意思表达得更清楚， 作者通常用其同义词或近义词来解释难词。例如： 1.Mother was tall, fat and middle -aged. The principal of the school was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 2.All the members are of the same opinions. They are unanimous. 四、运用定义或释义 阅读中会遇到一些不熟悉的术语。为帮助读者理解，作者常用一个句子或一个段落来说明其内涵。对术语下定义的句子往往出现在段首，也是主题句。有时整个段落、甚至整篇文章都围绕这一定义展开。因而， 借助作者的定义或释义推断词义是最直接的方法。例如： 1.The enemy soldiers surrendered, that is, threw their weapons and walked out with their hands above their heads. 2.The word ecology means the study of the relationship between living things and their surroundings. 用来表示定义或释义的提示语有：mean, refer to, be defined as, be described as, be known as, be called, be termed, that is, or, in other words等。 五、巧用构词法 阅读中可运用合成、转化、派生等构词法知识来猜想词义。通过分析词缀及词根，不仅可猜想单词含义，还有利于扩大词汇量。例如： 1.They overestimate the interviewers ability and asked him many difficult questions.2.Take out all removable parts and wash them with warm water. 掌握一些常见词缀及含义。如：形容词后缀有-ful, -less, -y, -ing,-able等； 名词后缀有- or, - er, - tion, - ist,- th, -ment, -age, -ness等；构成反义词的前缀有un-, dis-. in-,im-, ir-, non-等。 有特定意义的词缀有re- 重新，再，co-合作的，anti-反对的，over-过高的，micro-微型的，fore-超前的，inter-国际的,相互的,pre-先前的,提前的,super-超级的，tele-远等。 六、巧借标点符号 有时为了让读者更清楚文中某个词或短语的含义,作者经常借助标点符号 如括号、破折号、冒号、逗号等 直接为生词提供定义或解释。例如： 1.In Russia if we give flowers as a present, we have to give an odd number of them one, three, five, etc because even number of flowers two, four, six, etcare for funerals.2.One of the tourists has just been bluejackedsecretly sent a test message using short-range wireless technology called bluetooth. 七、妙用比照词 在文章中， 作者有时会运用一些相互对应、互为反义的词语，使不同事物的特点更为突出。我们可以通过上下文的逻辑关系， 透过两种事物或现象的比照描述， 从其中一个熟悉的词反推出生词词义。例如： 1.Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.2.Her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it is hoarse. 表示比照、转折的标志词通常有yet, but, however, otherwise, despite, even though, unlike, instead, rather than, on the other hand, on the contrary等。 八、找准信息词 通常情况下， 某些单词或短语所引出的内容可起到解释说明的作用,能帮助我们理解生词的含义。这样的信号词有：for example, for instance, such as, namely, and, like 像, especially, include, consist of等。 1.Many United Nations employees are polyglots, Mrs. White, for example, speaks five languages.2.But, on the other hand, we have such compound words as handshake and handbag. 九、巧借经验和常识 在阅读理解中结合自己的经验和社会常识， 往往也能有效地推断出生词的含义。如： 1.When you have tanks of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. 2.In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with them a large quantity of dowry. 根据生活经验猜想词义时， 要注意观察同一生词是否在文章中其他地方出现，把两处的语境进行比拟，更容易准确地猜出词义。 十、巧用因果关系 不同的原因导致不同的结果； 反之，由结果也能够分析出原因。我们可以巧用因果关系来推测词义。例如： 1.Since I could not afford to buy the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. 2.He was so infuriated that he tore the letters into pieces.表示因果关系的标志词有because ,so, thus, due to, result in/from，as a resultof等。 十一、活用语法知识 有些语法知识如定语从句和同位语等进一步说明的作用,可以帮助推断词义。例如： 1.He was a prestidigitator who amused the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 2.Do you have any proof that he is a thief? 十二、注意指示代词和人称代词等 There are pressing calls on the resources of the government. Using taxpayers money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. ( ) 一般说来it, they, this等指代的都是上文提到的人或事，但一定按句意判断是上文哪个词。总之，我们要坚持“词不离句， 句不离文 的原那么， 在上下文的紧密联系中猜想词义。此外，还要训练带着问题， 按意群、句子去阅读， 不要把注意力集中在某个单词或短语上，这样既能加快阅读速度，又能把注意力集中在内容的理解上, 从而养成良好的阅读习惯。Plants cant communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants.A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away or even chemicals that attract the bugs natural enemies.Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The “enose can tell compounds that crop plants make when theyre attacked.Scientists say the enose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses ，enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.The research team worked with an enose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the enose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器)The enose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber，pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage by insects or with a hole punch had been done to the tomato leaves.With some finetuning，a device like the enose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.语篇解读植物会说话吗？植物如何“交流？本文中的科学家们正在尝试用enose来测试植物受到伤害时的反响。1We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by_.A. making some soundsB. waving their leavesC. producing some chemicalsD. sending out electronic signals解析事实细节题。从文章第一段中的“Instead，plants produce volatile compounds，chemicals that.可知，植物通过它本身所产生的一种化学物质来进行交流，所以答案选C。答案C2What did the scientists do to find out if the enose worked?A. They presented it with all common crops.B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.C. They collected different damaged leaves.D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.解析逻辑推理题。从文章第五段可知，为了证实enose的效果，科学家用受到伤害的叶子与健康的叶子来测试。所以选D。答案D3According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the enose is that it can_.A. pick out ripe fruitsB. spot the insects quicklyC. distinguish different damages to the leavesD. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves解析事实细节题。从倒数第二段中的“But even more impressive，the device could tell which type of damage.可知，最令人惊奇的是enose能够分辨叶子受到的不同的“伤害。答案C4We can infer from the last paragraph that the enose_.A. is unable to tell the smell of flowersB. is not yet used in greenhousesC. is designed by scientists at PurdueD. is helpful in killing harmful insects解析逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段中的“could one day be used in greenhouses to.推断可知，enose还没有运用到greenhouses中，由此推断B是答案。答案B*结束每日一句Though he knew it was such an exciting football match that he couldnt miss it, he felt too tired to insist on watching it.虽然他知道这是场不能错过的足球赛，但他太累了以至于无法坚持看下去。根底词汇强化练习1. Do Americans need v_ to visit Canada?2. Experience in a related field is a _(要求) for this job.3. I take _(抚慰) from the fact that his friends are there to help him.4. Passengers may b_ the ship at 4:00 p. m.5. Money is no s_ for happiness.6. Britain is g_ by Prime Minister and the Cabinet.7. Was going to college a good p_ for your career?8. The country is a_ in natural resources.9. The teacher r_ the students to read the following books.10. The students attended a history l_ today.参考答案1. visas     2. requirement   3. comfort 4. board     5. substitute   6. governed 7. preparation    8. abundant   9. recommended 10. lecture 书面表达经典句式强化记忆196. It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事. It took me years of hard work to speak good English.为了讲一口流利的英语,我花了多年时间刻苦操练. 197. It wasn't untilthat. 直到才.It wasn't until yesterday that I got your letter. 我直到昨天才收到你的来信.198.It would be wonderful if. 如果那就太好了.It would be wonderful if we can get together on Christmas. 如果圣诞节我们能聚一聚那就太好了.书面表达经典朗读素材汇报学习成绩(A Report of Results in Studies)Dear Pa and Ma,Two months have passed quickly since I came back to school. I miss you very much, and I hope the letter will give you a little pleasure.Do you still remember that I was rather poor in maths in Grade One? You were so disappointed that you always blamed me. Now with the help of my teachers and classmates, and also because of my hard work in the summer holidays, I've made rapid progress. A few days ago I did very well in a maths exam. How happy I was! Of course, I will not be proud of it and will study even harder.Please don't worry about me. I'm very well. You see, I've grown up. I'm sixteen years old now and no longer a new student. I can do well with anything that happens around me. After a year's study, I've been used to the life in the school. I get on well with all my classmates. I believe that you will see a new term.I hope you are both healthy!Your loving daughter,Jing Hua经典谚语积累If a man deceives me once, shame on him, if he deceives me twice, shame on me.上当一回头，再多就可耻。高频考点拾贝完形填空系列选项中所给的4个词的词性都是相同的，词义相同或相近，这类题的难度是很大的，要求考生在正确理解文章意义的情况下，正确区分词义。【例】 The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to_31_the seats, settled in one of them.It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of_32_. Susans husband Mark watched her_33_into hopelessness and he was_34_to use every possible means to help his wife.Finally, Susan felt ready to_35_to her job, but how would she get there? She used to take the bus, but she was now too_36_to get around the city by herself. Mark_37_to ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening_38_she could manage it by herself.For two weeks, Mark_39_Susan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other_40_，specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new_41_.At last, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip_42_. Monday morning arrived. Before she left, she hugged her husband_43_， her eyes filled with tears of gratitude(感谢)She said good­bye and, for the first time, they went their_44_ways. Each day went perfectly, and a wild excitement_45_Susan. She was doing it!On Friday morning, Susan took the bus to work_46_. As she was getting off the bus, the driver said. “Miss, I sure_47_you. Curious, Susan asked the driver_48_.“You know, every morning for the_49_week, a fine­looking gentleman in a military uniform has been standing across the corner watching you until you enter your office building safely， the bus driver said.Tears of happiness poured down Susans cheeks. She was so lucky for he had given her a gift more powerful than_50_. That is the gift of love that can bring light where there is darkness. 【解题导语】 高考试题对单词的辨析要求是很高的，此题中的34、37、41、42和44较难，考查的高级词汇和短语，对即使能看懂短文内容的学生来说也是较难的。31A.touch Bgrab Ccount Dfeel解析：下面一段开头说，Susan双目失明已经有一年了，由此判断，这里表示她上公交车之后，用双手摸索着找座位，因此选D，表示，“触摸，摸索。此题考生易错选A项。touch：轻触，轻碰(某物/某人)grab攫取，抓取，夺取，霸占：count计算，数，认为，看做，计数，有重要意义，有价值。答案：D32A.weakness Bsickness Cdarkness Dsadness解析：本段第一句交代了Susan双目失明已经一年了，因此语境表示“由于一场事故，她突然被抛进了黑暗的世界。weakness软弱；sickness疾病；sadness悲伤。答案：C33A.run Bsink Cjump Dstep解析：Susan的丈夫Mark看着自己的妻子陷入绝望的状态，于是决定想尽一切方法来帮助她。sink into sth.(不用于被动语态)：go into(a less active or happy state)“陷入(消极、不活泼或不愉快的状态)，符合语境。run into偶然遇到，途中遭遇(恶劣天气等)；jump into跳进；step into走进去，步入。答案：B34A.inspired Bdetermined Chonored Dpleased解析：根据语境，丈夫看见妻子由于意外事故而双目失明并且对生活感到绝望，此时的他当然是要下定决心，采取一切方法帮助妻子，因此选B。 be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事。答案：B35A.return Badjust Ccontribute Dstick解析：由空后her job及“她怎么能到那里呢？可知本空表示Susan决心重返工作岗位，因此选A。 return: come or go back to a place回，返回。答案：A36A.tired Bastonished Cdepressed Dfrightened解析：结合语境看；Susan突然双目失明，此时的她面对生活的变故，自然是惊魂未定，因此选D, frightened：恐惧的，害怕的，受惊的。此时的她不是感到疲倦(tired)，也不是感到惊讶，吃惊(astonished)。C项depressed“忧愁的，消沉的，沮丧的不如D项更符合她突然失去光明时茫然与无助的心态。答案：D37A.volunteered Battempted Ccontinued Dstruggled解析：她的丈夫主动陪伴她乘坐公交车上下班。这里用volunteer to do something表示“自愿地或无偿地给予或提供(帮助、建议)等。attempt to do sth.，试图/企图/尝试做某事，用于过去时往往含有该动作失败的含义；continue to do sth.“继续做某事不符合语境，因为是妻子出现这样的情况之后Mark才这样做的；struggle表示“挣扎，不符合语境中对丈夫主动关心妻子的表达。应选A。答案：A38A.when Bas Cuntil Dafter解析：从语境的连贯看，这里用until引导时间状语从句表示“直到。Mark每天早上陪妻子上班，晚上陪妻子下班回家，直到她能单独坐公交车上下班。答案：C39A.drove BdirectedCaccompanied Dsent解析：根据上文，丈夫Mark每天早晚都要陪妻子一起坐公交车(ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening)，因此这里用accompany表示“陪伴，陪同。其他选项的主要含义：drive开车；direct指导，引导；send派遣。答案：C40A.feelings Borgans Cskills Dsenses解析：妻子双目失明，此时丈夫就教妻子如何利用其他感官的能力。用sense表示“感官能力，包括视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。如the five senses五种感官能力；have a keen sense of hearing听觉灵敏。A项意为“情感，感觉；B项意为“器官；C项意为“技巧。答案：D41A.position Benvironment Cstatus Drole解析：结合语境看，此题选B表示“环境。他教给她如何依靠自己其他的感官能力，特别是她的听觉，以此来判断自己在什么地方，以及如何适应她所在的新环境。position位置，方位，地点；status状态，地位，情形；role“角色，这三者都不符合语境。答案：B42A.on her own Bin person Cto her benefit Don foot解析：她最终决定在双目失明的情况下，不要丈夫陪伴而单独试着去上下班。(all)on ones own：alone单独，单独地，单独地，其他选项的含义不符合语境。in person: physically present亲身，亲自，本人；to ones benefit对某人有利；on foot步行。答案：A43A.politely Bcalmly Cbriefly Dtightly解析：对Susan来说，作为盲人的她要第一次试着单独出门乘坐公交车，对她来说，这是一个特殊的日子，因此她眼里含着感谢的泪水“紧紧地拥抱丈夫。A项意为“有礼貌地；B项意为“冷静地；C项意为“简短地，都不符合语境。答案：D44A.opposite Bsepar