英语倒装句用法总结归纳.docx

精品名师归纳总结英语部分倒装用法归纳1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中, never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词如位于句首, 就其后要用部分倒装：I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him.我永久不会宽恕他。He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner.他很少出去吃饭。She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize howimportant this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场 ,飞机就起飞了。【留意】(1) 对于 not until 句型,当 not until位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序：He didn t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rasitnopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,如位于句首,其后要用部分倒装：On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结再借钱给他了。但是, in no time立刻,立刻 位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序： In no time he worked out the problem. 他立刻就算出了那道题。2. “ only状+语 ”位于句首时的倒装当一个状语受副词 only 的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are you able to do it well.你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。3. “ so+adj. / ad位v.于句首”时的倒装副词 so 后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快, 我们几乎没法想像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape袭. 击来得特别突然,我们来不及逃跑。4. “ so助+动词 +主语 ”倒装可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结当要表示前面提出的某一确定的情形也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“ So助+ 动词 +主语”这种倒装结构：You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜爱音乐,我也喜爱。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。【留意】(1) 如前面提出某一否定的情形,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情形, 就应将其中的 so 改为 neither 或 nor：You aren t young and neither am你I.不年轻,我也不年轻。She hasn t read it and nor have她I没.有读它,我也没有读。(2) 留意该结构与表示强调或同意的 “ so主+ 语+特殊动词 ”结构的区分："It was cold yesterday." "So it was."昨天很冷。 ”“的“确很冷。 ”"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did."爸爸,你“答应过的。 ”嗯“,是答应过。 ”5. 由 not only but als引o 出的倒装当 not onlybut also位于句首引出句子时, not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.他不仅是一位老师,而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当 if 引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将 if 省略, 就要将 had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句：Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him如. 你昨天来, 你就会见到他了。Should you require anything give me a ring. 假如需要什么, 可以给我打电话。Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless.要不是你帮忙, 我会仍旧无家可归。【留意】省略 if 后提前的 had 不肯定是助动词：Had I money, I would buy it.假如我有钱,我就会买它。完全倒装的四种主要类型1. here 和 there 位于句首时的倒装表示的点的 here 和 there 位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词 be 和 come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Here s Tom汤. 姆在这里。There s Jim吉. 姆在那儿。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。There goes the last train. 最终一班火车开走了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【留意】(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词 come 和 go 不能用进行时态,即不能说Here is coming the bus。(2) 如主语为代词,就不倒装： Here I am. 我在这儿。 / 我来了。Here it comes. 它来了。(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是 stand, lie, live 等表示状态的动词 表示存在：There stood a desk against the wall.靠墙放着一张书桌。Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。2. away 和 down 等位于句首时的倒装的点副词 away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时, 其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机回旋着。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了,史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。【留意】如主语为人称代词,就不能用倒装：Away he went. 他跑远了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Down it came. 它掉了下来。3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平稳或使上下文连接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的伴侣吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。【留意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中, 要留意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一样,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一样。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调, 可将谓语部分的现在分词、 过去分词或不定式置于句首, 从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结To be carefully considered are the following questions. 以下问题要认真考虑。涉及 only 的倒装及考题分析按英语习惯同, 当“only+状语”位于句首时, 其后句子要用部分倒装。 如： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are you able to do it well.你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样,才能保住我们的荣誉。Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。Only after her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才熟悉到她的价值。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.当他回到家里时 ,才知道出了什么事。Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心,这时我才明白刚才的情形有多危急。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged.我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严峻程度。Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一点,我同意你的说法。【典型考题】 答案分别为 DC1. Only thenhow much damage had been caused.A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize2. Only after my friend came.A. did the computer repairedB. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired特殊说明： 有时命题者不是利用位于句首的 “only+状语 ”来考查倒装, 而是倒过来,利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only 的挑选。如下面一题 答案选 A： by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage overother companies.A. OnlyB. JustC. StillD. Yet涉及副词 so的两类常考倒装这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形：1. 当副词 so 后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后要用部分倒装。如： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快, 我们几乎没法想象它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape袭. 击来得特别突然,我们来不及逃跑。2. 当要表示前面提出的某一确定的情形也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“ So助+ 动词 +主语”这种倒装结构。如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。 She likes music and so do I. 她喜爱音乐,我也喜爱。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。【典型考题】 答案分别为 BBA1. So difficultit to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.A. I did findB. did I findC. I have foundD. have I found2. about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A. so curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple wereD. The couple was such curious可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. It s burning hot today, isnYes. t it. yesterday.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it特殊说明：(1) 如前面提出某一否定的情形,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情形, 就应将其中的 so 改为 neither 或 nor。如：You aren t young and neither am你I.不年轻,我也不年轻。She hasn t read it and nor have她I没.有读它,我也没有读。请看考题 答案选 D ：Mary never does any reading in the evening,.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. so does JohnB. John does tooC. John doesn t tooD. nor does John可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(2) 留意“ So助+动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的 “ So主+语+助动词 ”的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结区分。如：“ It was cold yesterday.” “昨So天it很w冷as。.”的“确“很冷。 ”请看考题 答案分别为 CD ：1. Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. , and so did I.A. So she hadB. So had sheC. So she didD. So did she2. Father, you promised. Well,. But it was you who didn t keep your word first.A. so was IB. so did IC. so I wasD. so I did倒装句中的主谓一样在“副词 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语谓语动词主语”的倒装结构中,谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语打算。如：On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张的图。On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界的图。Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。Such is the result. 结果就是这样。Such are the results. 这就是结果。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结副词后的倒装here 和 there 之后以及诸如back, down, off, up 等一类的副词小品词之后,名词主语一般置于谓语之后。 这类副词常与诸如come 和 go 等转移动词一起连用。如：Here comes a taxi. There goes the last train. 有辆出租车来了 . 最终一班火车开走了 . 留意这里不行用进行时 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑了起来。当我们给人东西或确定位置时,这种倒装常用在be 之后主语往往是复数。如：Here s a cup of tea for you给. 你一杯茶。 给东西 Here s your letters这. 儿有你的信。 给与或指明 There 重s读 Johnny smith. 约翰尼 ·史密斯在那儿。 确定位置 主语如是代词就不倒装。如： Here it comes. 它来了。There she goes. 她走了。Up it went. 它上去了。Here you are. 给你。There she is. 她在那儿。的点状语后的倒装可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结的点状语后面如有表示位置的动词如 lie, live, sit, stand 或转移的动词 如 come, go, rise,用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。 这种情形主要显现在描写文中。如：At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂耸立在山顶上。In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟的里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。In the distance could be seen the purple mountains.远处可以见到紫色的山。主语如是代词就不能倒装：At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天耸立在山顶上。否定副词之后的倒装否定或近似否定副词 往往是时间或频度副词,如 never, rarely, seldom, 或是具有否定作用的副词,如little, on no account 等。如：Never / Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb.这么剧烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未/ 很少 / 有过。Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要给你钱, 你可绝不能接受。当这种副词不在句首时,当然应当用正常词序：There has never / seldom been so much protest against the Bomb从. 未 /很少发生过这么剧烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动。He little realizes how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。另外,有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时,其后也要用倒装。 如：In no case should you give up. 你绝不能舍弃。On no condition should we tell her about it. 我们绝不能把此事告知她。On no accounts must this switch be touched这. 个开关是绝不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。No way will I go on working for that man.我不再给那个人工作了。涉及 not only but also 的部分倒装not only but also前后连接两个句子时, not only 后的句子要用部分倒装,但 but also 后的分句不用倒装。如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不仅来了,而且仍见到了她。Not only does she speak Spanish, but she also knows how to type.她不但会说西班牙语,仍会打字了。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.他不仅是一位老师,而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他们不但做了音乐表演,而且简短的介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。类似 So / Neither do I 的部分倒装so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情形也适合于后者时,其句型是：so / neither / nor+特殊词 +主语。使句此句型需留意以下几点：内容是确定时,用 so,内容是否定时,用neither 或 nor。 “特殊词 ”与前句中的情态动词、 助动词或 be 相同, 或依据前句的时态, 用 do, does, did。“特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一样。“特殊词 ”本身没有否定形式。如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。 She likes music and so do I. 她喜爱音乐,我也喜爱。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结You aren t young and neither am你I.不年轻,我也不年轻。She hasn t read it and nor have她I没.有读它,我也没有读。涉及 sothat 的部分倒装在 so. that结构中,如将 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首,就其后的主句要用部分倒装。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了,一个小时都动弹不得。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他讲话声音那么大,隔壁屋里的人都听得见。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快, 我们几乎没法像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape袭. 击来得特别突然,我们来不及逃跑。类似的,当 suchthat 结构的 such置于句首时, such 后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如：Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.他像个很和气的人,所以我们都喜爱他。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结表语或状语置于句首时的完全倒装有时为了强调或者为了使句子平稳或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密, 就将表语和的点状语 多为介词短语 置于句首,谓语动词也常置于主语前,构成完全倒装。如：By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的美丽姑娘。Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的伴侣吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 书的前部有目录,详列了书中的内容。as 引导让步状语从句时的倒装as 作“虽然”解,引导让步状语从句时,必需将表语、状语或动词原形提到 as 前面。此时应留意几点：一是如提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词,要省略不定冠词。二是如提前的是动词原形 多为不及物动词 ,与之连用的通常是 may, might, will, would 等,且这些词都要保留在原先的位置上 主语后。三是 though 有时也可像 as 这样使作倒装。如：Tired as I was, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累,我仍是努力帮忙他们。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Try as he would, he couldn t open t他he试d过oo多r. 次了 , 却仍打不开那门。Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查,他们在房子里仍旧没有找到一个人。Hard as though they tried, they couldn t make her ch尽an管ge her mind.他们做了很大努力,却没法让她转变想法。Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他虽是个男孩, 但举止却像个女孩。非谓语动词置于句首的倒装有时为了强调, 可将谓语部分的现在分词、 过去分词或不定式置于句首, 从而构成倒装。如：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 以下问题要认真考虑。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载