高中英语语法一---名词性从句(.docx

渝东南家教中心专用资料认识名词性从句特点：1. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 2.When he left so is not known to any of us.3.Whether she comes or not doesnt concern me. 4. Where he once lived is well preserved(保护). 5. We  doubt whether he is honest. 6.I cant imagine what made him act like that. 7. Nobody can tell when she will arrive.8.The fact is that he didnt notice the car until too late. 9.The mystery is whether he ever went there at all. 10.The question is why he likes the place so much. 名词性从句学习要点（引导词，语序，时态）在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。任何从句都需要用一个连词来引导，并且这个连词一定要放在从句之前。（连词只在从句中做成分，和主句没有关系）一、 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类：A. 在从句中没有任何意义，不作任何成分：_ The fact is that he didnt notice the car until too late.That Jack Ma is a billionaire is known to all.B. 在从句中不作成分，但本身有意义：_、 _ Whether she comes or not doesnt concern me. We doubt whether he is honest. It seems as if they have known the news. The question is whether you will get ready on time.C. 连接代词,在从句中作主语、宾语，表语等：_. I cant imagine what made him act like that. Do you know whose car it is?Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.My parents agree with whatever I do. 在这些连词中应注意what的意思：_ you need to do is to have a good rest. I cant understand _you said just now. D. 连接副词,在从句中作各种状语：_。The question is why he likes the place so much.When he left so is not known to any of us.No one knows how serious the accident will be. 在这些连词中，需要注意how的用法。选择名词性从句的连接词时，主要根据句意选择，也可以先根据从句所缺的成分选择。1. A computer can only do _ you have instructed(命令) it to do Ahow Bafter Cwhat Dwhen 2. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A. when B. how C. whether D. why3. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnt like _ it used to be . A .what B. how C. that D. which 各种名词性从句的特点：一 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用，但不能省略；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。 1. 他要跟我们说什么还不清楚。2. 他在这么短的时间内记住了所有的单词让我感到惊叹。3. 今年的英语晚会什么时候举行还没有宣布呢。注意：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact/pity that 事实/遗憾的是 It is an honor/pleasure that 非常荣幸/乐意. It is common knowledge that 是常识 遗憾的是你昨天没能参加我的生日派对。非常荣幸我能够被邀请参加你的生日派对。 (2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural/important/necessary/strange/ that . 很自然；重要/必要/奇怪的是。这个结构中从句中的谓语动词常用(should)do。 奇怪的是他竟然没有认出我来。 重要的是你要学好英语。 (3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 It doesnt matter that/whether 没关系/不重要 似乎我们迷路了。 你这次失败了没有什么关系。(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported/said/supposed/thought/considered/expected that 据报道/说/; 人们相信/料想/期待 It is known to all that.众所周知. It is suggested/advise/ ordered/ requested/urgedthat这类从句中的谓语动词应用（should） do 据报道那个著名影星已经结婚了。 要求所有的工作要在明天前完成。二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。如：我想知道他告诉了你什么。你能猜到这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?他们正在讨论是否公司需要买一辆新车。She will give a warm support to whoever needs help.动词间接宾语宾语从句(双宾语)。例如： 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。补充：介词后不能用that引导；但有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.有些动词后不接宾语从句： allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive注意： 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：他已经告诉我他明天要去上海并且他的女朋友会去机场送他。 2. 在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 3. 当主语是第一人称，并且谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词时，其后的宾语从句是否定句时，要把否定形式移到主句中。例如：我认为你不对。我们相信他不会这样做。他认为我不是个好人。4. 运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语（名词或形容词）的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.我认为你每天多喝水是有必要的.妈妈把我今年考上大学作为她的梦想。 有些动词不能直接带宾语从句时需要在先加it，再接从句。 这类动词主要有: 这类动词hate, like ,see to等。 I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. 5. 作形容词的宾语，that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：afraid, anxious, aware, certain, confident, sorry, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。三. 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时也用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 注意：1）if不引导表语从句，只有whether; 2)that引导表语从句时不能省略； 3）Thats why.与Thats because要分清；4）The reason why is that 的原因是因为 我不擅长英语的原因是因为我记不住那么多的单词。四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） 名词性从句专项练习1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. whether C. which D. that4. This is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when5. Is _he said really true? A. that B. what C. why D. whether6._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where7. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 8. _he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 9._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 10. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It11. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever12. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who13. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited