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    初二英语Unit7Topic2SectionAandB湘教.doc

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    初二英语Unit7Topic2SectionAandB湘教.doc

    初二英语Unit 7 Topic 2 Section A and B湘教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容: Unit 7:Topic 2:You must cook very carefully.(Section A and Section B)二. 重点、难点: 单词: cut v. 用刀之类的锋利工具切,割,剪,削n. 伤口 finely adv. 微小地,细微地oil n. 油 pan n. 平底锅lightly adv. 轻微地,轻轻地 add v. 添加,增加pork n. 猪肉 ham n. 火腿deep adj. 深的 adv. 深,深厚 pot n. 锅,壶,瓶,罐cooker n. 厨灶;炉具 cut up 切碎,剁碎onion n. 洋葱头 immediately adv. 立即,马上gently adv. 轻轻地,温柔地 advantage n. 优点,好处title n. 标题,题目 passage n. 段落,章节;通道;走廊snack n. 点心,小吃 butter n. 黄油,奶油pear n. 梨 piece n. 一块片,张,件pour v. 倒出,倾泻 patient adj. 有耐心的heat v. 加热 n. 热 slurp v. 吃或喝某物时嘴唇发出啧啧的声音 noisily adv. 喧闹地elbow n. 肘;肘部 v. 用肘推 spoon n. 勺,匙,调羹need n. 需要词组: be proud of以为骄傲add to把加到 cut up切碎,剁碎pour over倾倒 put together把放在一起drink to sb. /sth. 为干杯 take a sip抿一口around the world全世界 be far away from 远离pick up拾起,收拾,整理某物句型: 金点剖析: 金点1Im proud of you! 我以你为骄傲! proud adj. 自豪的,得意的,其结构为:be proud of sth. / sb.以某事/某人为骄傲,be proud of doing sth. 以做某事为荣,be proud + that从句。如: Jane is very proud of her new car. 简对她的新车颇为得意。 Im proud of having a friend like you. 我为有你这样的一个朋友而骄傲。 We are proud that our team won the first prize. 我们为我们队获得第一名而骄傲。 拓展pride n. 骄傲,自豪,the pride of的骄傲,自豪。如: Yao Ming is the pride of Chinese people. 姚明是中国人的骄傲。 金点2 fill the bowls 7080% full with bone soup. 用骨头汤将碗装7、8分满。 fill v. 注满,填满,fill with“用将装满/充满,主语常为人。如: Jim filled the glass with water. 吉姆用水把玻璃杯装满了。 拓展be full of = be filled with装满了 如: The glass is full of water. = The glass is filled with water. 玻璃杯装满了水。 金点3Next, cut up the pear into small pieces接着把梨切成小片 cut up切碎、剁碎,代词做宾语应放up前。如: He cut up the meat.他把肉剁碎了。 拓展cut up into把切成 如: Lets cut up the apple into two halves. 我们把苹果切成两半吧。 1. First, cut some cooked meat very finely. 首先,把一些熟肉精细地切成小片。 1cooked在此处是过去分词相当于形容词作定语,表示“煮好的,煮熟的。类似用法还有:broken glass碎玻璃 2cut finely意思是“精细地把切开。副词修饰动词通常放在动词后面。类似的还有: fry the meat lightly轻轻地炒一炒肉 add the rice slowly慢慢地把米饭加进去 3完成一件事情,需要一连串动作,这时就可以用以下表示先后顺序的连词。如: First Then Next After that Finally 首先,然后,接下来,之后,最后 4cut sth. 切开,割 cut up sth. / cut sth. up将切碎 cut sth. into将某物切成如: He cut up the meat on his plate. 他切碎了盘子里的肉。 He cut the beef into thin slices. 他把牛肉切成了小片。 2. After that, slowly fill the bowls 70%80% full with bone soup. 在那之后,慢慢地往碗内倒入七八成满的骨头汤。 70%80%读作seventy percent to eighty percent意为“百分之七十到八十”。 Would you mind if I learn to make it from you? 我向你学习做它治好吗? Would you mind if? 请求允许或客气地请人做某事。如: Would you mind if I open the window? 我翻开窗户好吗?语法: 1. 宾语从句二 2. 动词不定式充当主语 金点8宾语从句二 当宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问时,由whether / if 引导,表示“是否,是不是,能否等。引导宾语从句时只用whether不用if的4种情况: 1句中有or not时。如: I want to know whether it is big enough or not. 我想知道它是否足够大。 2whether居句首时。如: Whether he agrees with me or not, I must do that. 不管他是否同意我的意见,我必须做。 3做介词宾语时。如: I dont care about whether he is friendly to me. 我不介意他对我是否友好。 4放不定式前,与不定式组成词组时。如: The question is whether to go or stay. 问题是去还是留。三. 具体内容: 迷点1If it is true or not. I cant say. 这是不是真的,我不敢说。 点拨该句应改为Whether it is true or not, I cant say. 宾语从句位于句首且表示“是否意义时,只能用whether,同时whether一般也与or not连用。 迷点2I dont know _ on a trip to Canada. A. if he goesB. when will he go C. if hell goD. when he goes 点拨C 由于know后为宾语从句,应为陈述句语序排除B,根据题意用引导词if,所以再排除D,且应用将来时,应选C。 动词的时态上 A:一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 结构 :1be动词的第一人称单数为am,第三人称单数为is,其他人称为are。 有一顺口溜表达了它的用法: 我是am你是are ,is跟着他她它, 单数形式用is,复数形式都用are。 肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他 否认式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他 疑问式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他? 简略答复: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are (否) No, 主语 + am /is/are not 缩写形式: Im=I am Thats =That is Were =We are Whats= What is Youre=You are Whos=Who is Theyre =They are Wheres =Where is Hes =He is isnt=is not Shes =She is arent=are not Its=It is 2行为动词除主语是第三人称单数外,都用动词原形,主语是第三人称单数时,在动词词尾加-s或-es 肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数 否认式:主语+助动词 dont/doesnt +动词原形+其他 疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略答复:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: dont=do not doesnt =does not 注意:have的第三人称单数为has 用法: 1. 表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用, eg. He has a brother. 2. 表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3. 表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作 . eg. Here comes the train. 4. 在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 . eg. Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow. B:一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。 结构: 1动词be的第一、三人称单数用was,其他人称用were,其肯定式,否认式,疑问式和简略答复形式与一般现在时相似。 2行为动词的过去式分为规那么和不规那么两种,规那么动词的过去式是在动词后加ed或d,不规那么动词参照不规那么动词表,需要专门记忆。 肯定式:主语+动词的过去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning. 否认式:主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他 eg. John didnt live here last year. 疑问式:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 eg. Did you see him a moment ago? 简略答复.(肯)Yes, 主语 +did (否)No , 主语 + didnt. 用法:1. 主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态. eg. My father was at work yesterday. 2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often, always 等表示频度的时间状语连用。 eg. He always went to work by bus last summer. 3. 和when等连词引导的状语从句连用。 eg. When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4. 常与表示过去的时间状语,如ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用。 eg. They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was. C:一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 结构:助动词shall/will + 动词原形当主语为第一人称时,一般用shall,当主语为第三人称时,用will,但主语为第一人称时,也用will。 肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他 否认式:主语+shall/will+ not+动词原形+其他. 疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他 简略答复:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will . (否)No,主语+shall/will+ not 缩写形式:ll =shall/will shant= shall not wont=will not 用法: 1表示将要发生的动作或情况,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。 eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year. Maybe Chinas population _ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year . will pass 2表示某种必然的趋势 eg. Fish will die without water. 解析: 1. 在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求。 eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen? 2. 当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿、决心、允诺、命令等。 eg. I will give you an EnglishChinese dictionary for your birthday. 3. 在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4. be going to +动词原形也可表示将来时. 1表示主观意愿、打算等。 eg. Hes going to learn English next term. 2根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况 eg. Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. D:现在进行时表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。 结构:am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式 用法: 1表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now, at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与 look, listen连用。 eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 2表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 eg. They are planting trees these days. 3表示按方案或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用。 eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon. 注意:某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时。 eg. Lucy prefers art to science. 【典型例题】 例一. 动词填空: 1. Mary and Joe go to the Shopping Center _ . a. once a weekb. in a week c. next weekd. for a week 2. Be quiet! The baby _ (sleep) in the next room. 3. Dick will pass the message on to your sister as soon as he _ (meet) her in her office tomorrow. 4. The bell for the class rang while they _ (play) on the playground. 5. Lucy said it _ (rain) later on. Keys:1. a2. is sleeping3. meets4. are playing5. would rain 6. The Chinese people _(work) hard to make their country stronger and more beautiful. 7. Hell write to you as soon as he _ (arrive ) in Hainan. 8. The students of Class One _(have)a meeting from three to five yesterday afternoon. 9. The sky is black. It _ (rain), Im afraid. 10. If it _(not snow)tomorrow, well go skating 11. Mr. and Mrs. Green_(travel)to the south of China next week, arent they? 12. I_(not see)the film with you because Ive seen it already. 13. He told us that he_(stay)here till the next week. 14. I_(lose)my pen this morning. I havent found it yet. Keys:6. work7. arrives8. had9. is going to rain 10. doesnt snow11. are traveling12. dont see13. would stay 14. lost 例二. 把肯定的陈述句改为否认句 根本方法首先要掌握否认句构成的根本规那么。 当陈述句的谓语动词由 be构成时,改为否认句,把not加在be后面。 例1. They are doctors 这个句子的谓语动词是由系动词构成的,改为否认句时把 not加在are的后面,即:They are not doctors 例2. He is going to see his friend tomorrow 本句的谓语由is going to see构成,改为否认句时把否认词not加在is后面,即:He is not going to see his friend tomorrow 当陈述句的谓语由情态动词canmay,must等+其他动词构成,或由助动词will, have,had等+其他动词构成时,改为否认句,用情态动词或助动词+not+动词的形式表示。 例3. They will go to see their parents this afternoon. 这个句子谓语由助动词 will加动词go构成,改为否认句时,把not放在will后面,即:They will notwont go to see their parents this afternoon. 例4. The train had already left when we got to the station. 这个句子谓语由助动词had加leave的过去分词left构成,改为否认句时要把not加在had后面,同时already改为yet,即: The train had not left yet when we got to the station. 例5. Linda can speak Chinese well. 本句的谓语由canspeak构成,把它改为否认句时,在can后面加not,即:Linda can not speak Chinese well. 例6. We have already learned English for two years. 本句的谓语由havelearned构成,把它改为否认句时,要在助动词have后面加not,把句中的already改为yet,即:We have not learned English for two years yet. 当陈述句的谓语动词是have,表示有什么,改为否认句的方法是:A由have+ not其他;B由have+no+其他;C由 dontdoesnt,didnthave十其他,如果句中有some,要将some改为any。 例7. You have some books. 这个句子谓语动词have当“有讲,在改为否认句时要把not放在have后,并把some改为any,即:You have not any books. 这个句子也可以改写为在have后加no即:You have no books. 这个句子还可以改写为:You dont have any books. 当陈述句的谓语由have+其他词构成,这时have不当“有讲,也不是“助动词,改为否认句时,由助动词dodoes,did nothave构成否认结构。 例8. They often have breakfast at seven in the morning. 本句的谓语动词是have,而have breakfast的意思是“吃早饭,把它改为否认句,要由助动词donothave breakfast构成否认形式,即:They dont have breakfast at seven in the morning. 例9. He had a meeting yesterday afternoon. 本句谓语动词had+ a meeting的意思是“开会,是一般过去时,改为否认句时由did nothave a meeting构成否认形式,即:He didnt have a meeting yesterday afternoon. 以上两个例句说明改成否认句时,千万不要盲目把否认词加在havehas,had后面。如果是由has或had 其他词构成的谓语改为否认句时,加上does,didnot后要注意把has,had改为原形have。 陈述句的谓语动词是行为动词,改为否认句时,要用助动词dodoes,didnot行为动词构成否认形式。 例10. He studies English well. 本句的谓语由行为动词studies构成,把它改为否认句时要由助动词doesnot构成否认形式,即:He doesnt study English well. 例11. Her brother went to London in 1998. 本句的谓语由行为动词go的过去式 went构成,改为否认句时,由助动词did not构成否认形式,即:Her brother didnt go to London in 1998. 例12. Betty often does her homework after supper. 这个句子的谓语由行为动词does构成,要把它改为否认句,须用助动词doesnot并把其放在主语之后,同时把原句中的does改为原形即:Betty doesnt often do her homework after supper. 例13. He did it by himself. 本句的谓语由did构成,把它改为否认句要由助动词did not构成否认式,并放在主语后面,同时要把原句中的did改为do,即: He didnt do it by himself. 要注意加上does not或did not改为否认句以后,要把原句的动词改为原形动词,特别是行为动词do的第三人称单数does和过去时did,在主语后面加上doesnt或didnt以后,千万要注意把句中的does或did改为 do。 祈使句的否认结构为:dont+原形动词。 例14. Look out of the window. 改为否认句时,要在句首加上dont,其它不变,即:Dont look out of the window. 当陈述句中含有something这个词时,把句子改为否认句有两种方法:其一,在句中相应位置加not,再把something改成anything;其二,直接把something改为nothing即可。 例15. There is something wrong with the radio. 把这个句子改为否认句有两种方法:其一,先把not加在is后面,再把something改为anything即:There is not anything wrong with the radio. 其二把something直接改为 nothing,即:There is nothing wrong with the radio. 例16. I have something important to tell you. 把这个句子变成否认句有两种方法:其中一种方法是先把not加在have后面,再把something变成anything,即:I have not anything important to tell you. 第二种方法是直接把something改为nothing,即:I have nothing important to tell you. 当陈述句是一个主从复合句,而主句的谓语动词是think或believe等时,把这种句子改为否认句,往往是否认think或believe 等而不否认后面从句中的谓语动词,尽管意思是否认从句的谓语动词。 例17. I think he will be back soon. 这个复合句中主句的谓语动词是think,所以在改为否认句时要在think前面加上 dont,即:I dont think he will be back soon. 汉语意思:我认为他不会很快回来。但不能说:I think he wont be back soon. 某些特殊句型改为否认句时,有不同的方法: 1在陈述句中含有had better时,要把 not加在better后面,动词原形前面。 例18. You had better go with us. 把这个句子改为否认句,要把not加在 better之后,go之前,即:You had better not go with us. 千万不要改成:You had not better to go with us. 或You had better dont go with us . 因为,要否认的是后面的动词不定式短语。同时,had better后面要用动词原形不带 to。 2当陈述句中含有both名词或者both of名词作主语时,改为否认句时那么用neither代替both,并且要注意谓语动词数的变化。 例19. Both of them work in the school library. 句子含有both,改为否认句时用neither代替both,同时谓语动词work改为works,即:Neither of them works in the school library. 例20. Both answers are right. 把这个句子改为否认句,用neither代替 both,谓语动词are改为is,即:Neither answer is right. 3句中含有both. . . and的肯定句改为否认句时用neither nor改写,同时neither nor还可以把两个简单句的否认形式连成一个句子。 例21. Both Mary and Joan are students. 把这个句子改为否认句时,通常用Neither.nor代替Both.and,同时把are改为is,students改为a student即:Neither Mary nor Joan is a student. neither.nor连接两个主语时,谓语动词决定于nor后面的名词或代词的单复数形式。 例22. This book is both interesting and instructive. 把这个句子改为否认句,用neither.nor代替both.and,因为连接局部在句中作表语,所以谓语动词不变, 即:This book is neither interesting nor instructive. 例23. I dont see that film. He doesnt see it either. 这两个否认句可以用neither.nor连成一个句子,谓语动词改为肯定式see,人称和数由nor后面的he决定,即:Neither he nor I see that film . ,或者把I和he交换. 即:Neither I nor he sees that film. 这说明谓语的人称和数由nor后面的靠近谓语的人称和数决定。在把肯定句改为否认句时,注意把句中的 some,already,something等词改为any, yet,anything。 有一些表示否认意义的副词,如never, seldom ,hardly ,little ,few等也可以使句子成为否认句。例如: He has few good friends here. There is little water in the bottle. I hardly believe it. 稳固练习将以下句子改为否认句 1. We do morning exercises every day. We _ _ morning exercises every day. 2. All of us can swim. _ _ _ can swim. 3. Both Joan and I are in Class One. _ Joan _ I _ in Class One. 4. There is something wrong with my bike. There _ _ wrong with my bike. 5. You may stay here before I come back. You _ _ here before I com

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