初四年级中考一轮复习语法专项（3）.doc

初四年级中考一轮复习语法专项3附动词的四种形式A、动三单的变法 1) “辅+y结尾, 变y为i加es 2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es 3)直接加s但have-hasB、现在分词的变法 1)去e加ing (e不发音) 2)双写加ing (“辅元辅结尾且重读,y;w列外) 3)直接加ing写出以下动词的现在分词4.open _5.listen_6.drop _7.prefer_8.fix_ 9.relax _10.die _11.tie _12.lie _C、动词的过去式和过去分词一不规那么变化见课本不规那么变化表P255二规那么变化 1) “辅+y结尾，变y为i加ed 2)双写加ed 3)直接加ed写出以下动词的过去式和过去分词1.drop _ _2.stop _ _3.prefer _ _4.study _ _5.try _ _6.fix _ _ 7.relax _ _附情态动词can/ could; may/ might; must; should+动原1.must(必须)neednt(不必) may(可以)mustnt(不许；不准；不可以)2.注意几个题： 1)May I go with you? No, you _. 2)Must I turn off the light now? Yes, you _/ No, you _附动词不定式与动名词A、动词不定式作宾补 1)tell / ask / want sb to do _否认式：tell/ask/want sb not to do _ _ 2)省to不定式作宾补即：(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb dollet; mmake; nnotice; 3hhear, have, help; 2看see, watch; 1ffeel 但注意：1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省) 2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应复原eg. Someone heard him sing in the room. He was heard to sing in the room.B、动词不定式与动名词的区别1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing 8.介词+doingeg. 1)What/ How about doing 2)be good at doing附宾语从句与状语从句中的时态1.状语从句中的时态：主句时间、条件句1一般将来时 2祈使句 3情态动词原形一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时eg.1)Ill call you as soon as he _ (come) back. 2)He wont go to bed until he _ (finish) his homework. 3)Ill help you if I _ (be) free tomorrow2.宾语从句中的时态：主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，那么只能用一般现在时。eg.1)He said his father _(come) back in two days. 2)The teacher said light _(travel) faster than sound.附主谓一致1.表“时间、距离、金钱、长度的名词短语做主语时应看作一个整体，视为三单eg. Two months is quite a long time.2.people; police形单实为复，作主为复eg. The police are looking for the missing boy.3.maths, news, physics形复实为单，作主为单4.family; class看作整体时作主语为单数；看作整体中的各成员时那么为复数。eg. 1)My family is a big one. 2)My family are watching TV.5.由with, except, as well as连接的两名词作主语，谓语由前者决定eg. The teacher with his students is going to Beijing tomorrow.6.由neithernor; eitheror; not onlybout also连接的两名词作主语，谓语由后者决定eg. Neither he nor I am a teacher.7.不定代词something; anything; nothing; someone; anyone; everyone作主语为三单Nobody knows it except me.8.One of + 复名 作主语为单数eg. One of my friends is a computer engineer.9.“the +姓的复数作主语为复数eg. The Lius are watching TV now.10.sheep; deer; fish单复同形，注意区别作主语是单还是复eg. 1)There are many sheep on the hill. 2)Milk _ white, and sheep _ white, too. (be填空)11.there be结构中，如果有两个以上的名词作主语，那么be应与最接近的那个名词一致。即：靠近原那么eg. 1)There _a box and some pens on the desk.2)There _some pens and a box on the desk.12. either, neither, each作主语为三单eg. Neither of the twins _(like) drawing.13.由两局部构成的事物名词trousers, glasses, chopsticks作主语为复数，但当前面有pair短语修饰时，那么谓语由pair的单复数来决定谓语。eg.1)Where _(be) my glasses? 2)That pair of trousers _(be) Mr. Greens附“短命动词与“长命动词之间的转化buyhave ; borrowkeep ; diebe dead ; leavebe away (from); come backbe back; fall asleepbe asleep ; openbe open ;catch a coldhave a cold; go /get outbe out; arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点be in +地点；joinbe in +集体或be + 成员；turn onbe on; turn offbe off ;get a letter fromhave a letter from.end /finishbe over ; get upbe up ; 1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years. _2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D) book? _3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C). _4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim for two days (D). _5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago (C). _6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C) _7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C) for (D) five years. _练 习一、写出以下各时态的构成，然后找出各时态所对应的时间状语，只写代号1、一般现在时：_ _时间状语 _2、一般过去时 _ 时间状语_3、一般将来时:_ _时间状语_4、现在进行时_ 时间状语_5、 现在完成时_ 时间状语_6、过去进行时_ 时间状语_提供的时间状语如下：A. since she came in B. in two days C. when she came in D. next week E. often F. five days ago G. sometimesH. last year I. look之后的句子 J. just K. at 4:30 yesterday L. so far M. for ten years N. since two years ago二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Mother _ (watch) TV every evening.2.We_(talk) when the teacher came in.3.He _(go) to Beijing two days ago.4.He _(leave) Chengdu in two days.5.Look! The boy_(play) football on the playground.6.My uncle _(live) here for ten years.7.He often helps the old woman _ (carry) water.8.Would you like to make a contribution to _ (improve) our living conditions?9.Dont forget _(turn) off the lights before you go out.10.Please let the girls _(go) first.11.They had great fun _(play) football this afternoon.12.Do you enjoy _(watch) TV?13.Would you like _(have) a cup of tea?14.You can _(go) there tomorrow.15.Would you mind my _(open) the door?16.Please ask him _(speak) more loudly17.Ill go fishing if it _(be) fine tomorrow.18.He said his grandpa _(be) dead for ten years.19.Tell the children _(not play) in the street.20.Mr Zhu spent much time _(help) me with my English.21.Ill tell you as soon as he _ (come) back.22.Each of us _(want) to go to college.23.Thank you for _(help) me.24.The teacher told us the earth _(go) round the sun.25.My father is good at _(fish).26.Youd better_(not talk) in class.27.The teacher stopped_(talk) to us when we went into the office. 28.I saw her _(cook) when I got home.29.Look! A woman with two children _ (be) coming towards us.30.His family _ not big, but the family _ (be) interested in music.31.Two months _(be) quite a long time.32.He asked if Tom _(come) in two days33.One of our teachers _(be) a foreigner.34.The Greens _(have) been to the Great Wall twice.35.He is practicing _(speak) English with Mr. Green.36.This pair of glasses _ mine. The glasses on the table _ his (be).37.There _ an apple, a pear and some bananas on the table. (be)38._(read) in bed _(be)bad your eyes.39.Hello, Jim! I _ (not know) you we in Chengdu. I _ (tell) you were still in London.40.It _(say) that another bridge_ (build) over the river next year.41. He left the room without _ (say) goodbye.42. Many trees _ (plant) in our school yard these years.43. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.44. The family _(be) spending the weekend together.三、选择填空( )1.Must I turn off the light now?-No, you _A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant( )2.Our teacher told us the sun _ in the east. A. rose B. rises C. is rising( )3.He _ back in a month.A. will come B. come C. came( )4.I _ him before.A. met B. had met C. have met( )5.The teacher _ to Japan this year. Shes now telling her pupils about it.A. went B. has been C. has gone( )6.It _ hard when I got home yesterday.A. rained B. is raining C. was raining( )7.Why not _ again?A. to try B. try C. trying( )8.He has finished _ the letter.A. writing B. to write C. wrote( )9.It _ every night.A. happens B. is happened C. happened( )10.The policeman told the children _ in the street.A. not play B. not to play C. dont play( )11.The box is too heavy for me _.A. to carry it B. to carry C. carrying it( )12.Stop _and listen to the teacher.A. to read B. read C. reading( )13.He is still looking for a house _.A. to live B. to live in C. to live in it( )14.I heard her _ when I passed her room just now. A. sing B. singing C. to sing( )15.May I go with you ?-No, you _.A. may not B. can not C. mustnt( )16.There are some _ in the river.A. air B. fish C. water.( )17.Sheep _ white and milk _white, too.A. is ; is B. is ; are C. are ; is( )18.The class _ going to see a film this afternoon.A. am B. is C. are( )19.Jims shoes _ under the bed.A. are B. is C. was( )20.Three years _ quite a long time.A. is B. are C. were( )21.The clothes are mine. Yours _ under the bed.A. is B. are C. were( )22.There _ a lot of news in todays newspaper.A. is B. are C. were( )23.-Can you answer this question in English? No, I _. A. needn't  B. mustn't  C. may not  D. can't( )24. The teacher wanted us _ Exercise 1, but you let me _ Exercise 2. A.to do, do  B. to do, to do  C. do, to do  D. do, do  ( )25. Miss Green saw a wallet _on the ground when she walked past the school gate. A. lie  B. lying  C. lies  D. to lie  ( )26.What have you done _ the milk? I've just _ it. A. with, eaten  B.for, eaten  C. with, drunk   D. for, drunk    ( )27.The radio _ it will get warmer later.A. says  B. speaks  C.talks  D. tells( )28. You must be very tired. Why not _ a rest?A. stop having  B.stop to have  C.to stop having  D. to stop to have ( )29. Li Ping is young, but he _ many places of interest in South China.A.went to  B. has been in  C.has gone to   D. has been to ( )30. Mother told me _ in the sun.A. not read  B. don't read  C. read not  D. not to read   ( )31.Do you often see her _ volleyball on the playground?A. play  B. played  C. plays  D. to play      ( )32.Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesn't know how _ the problem. A. do  B. did  C. to do  D. doing   ( )33.When the little boy _someone coming upstairs,he stopped _.A. heardcrying  B. listenedto cry  C. heardto cry  D. listenedcry ( )34.I _ my ruler at home.Can I use yours,please? A. forgot  B. have forgotten  C. left  D. have left  ( )34.Jim _ the good news to his classmates this morning.A. spoke   B. told   C. said   D. talked十、被 动 语 态英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句). A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。一、构成：be + 过去分词eg. 1)The work is finished by him. 2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.二、被动语态的时态1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.2.一般过去时：was/ were + 过去分词eg. The machines were made in China.3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.4.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词eg. The work has been done by them.5.现在进行时：am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。eg. A new school is being built in our village.6.过去进行时：was/ were being + 过去分词eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化即：be动词的各种时态另外注意以下几点：1.含情态动词的被动语态： can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词eg. He may be sent away from school.2.带动词不定式的被动语态eg. My bike needs to be mended.3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by + 动作的执行者(宾格)eg. He was called Mike by us4.不及物动词无被动语态take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to复原。eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.The workers were made to work 12 hours.6.注意短语动词的完整性即：主动句的谓语动词假设由v + prep / adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。eg. We must take care of the baby.The baby must be taken care of.练 习 题( )1.This factory has been_ for two yearsA. open B. to open C. opening D. opened( )2.The light in the room _ before you leave. A. must turn off B. will turn offC. are turned off D. must be turned off( )3.The young trees _ planted in spring.A. must B. have C. must be D. must are( )4.Chinese _ by Miss Wang three years ago. A. was taught B. is taught C. was teached D. were teach( )5.Young trees _ quite often.A. should water B. should be waterC. should be watered D. should have watered( )6.English _ by many people in the worldA. speaks B. speak C. are spoken D. is spoken( )7.The old people _ well in our country.A. is looked after B. are looked afterC. looks after D. look for( )8. Alice is ill. She _ to hospital at once.A. is sent B. must be sent C. can send D. must send( )9. The factory _ in 1958.A. was built B. is builtC. will be built D. built( )10.Our teacher told us that the classroom _ every day.A. should be cleaned B. should cleanedC. shall be cleaned D. must cleaned( )11.Football _ all over the world.A. plays B. is playing C. has played D. is played( )12._ silk _ in Suzhou?A. Is , produced B. Are, producedC. Does, produce D. Was, produce( )13.Much money _ spent on books every year. A. have B. has C. are D. is( )14.The students was made _ the questions by the teacher.A. answer B. to answerC. answering D. answered( )15.The sun _ when we got there.A. was risen B. has been risenC. had risen D. is rising( )16.The Peoples Liberation Army was _ August 1, 1927.A. found in B. found onC. founded on D. founded in( )17.The oranges should be well _ during the winter.A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep( )18. Many of the sheep _ by the wolf狼).A. was killed B. are killed C. are killing D. were killed( )19.Tape recorders_ in our English classA. should use B. used C. can be used D. are using( )20. _ English _ in Canada?A. Do, spoken B. Is , spokenC. Are, spoken D. Does, speak( )21.He _ not to leave waster paper everywhere.A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told( )22.Who _ “The Family, “Spring and “Autumn _?A. was, written B. were, writtenC. were, written by D. are. Written by( )23.Look at the building! It _ now.A. is being built B. has been builtC. is building D. has built( )24.Half of the work _ before six.A. can be