2022年计算机专业英语教案 .pdf

学习必备欢迎下载第次课摘要授 课 题 目 （章、节）11.2 GRAPHICS SOFTWAREMain point: Desktop publishing “What you see is what you get” (WYSIWYG) Electronic Publishing HTML & PDF 内容KEYWORDSGUI (graphics user interface) 图形用户界面DTP (desktop publishing) 桌面出版resolution 分辨率image-setter 激光照排机paste-board 粘贴板HTML (hypertext markup language) 超文本标记语言 PDF (portable document format) 可移植文档格式PDL (page description language) 页面描述语言graphics software 图形软件WP(Word Processing) （文）字处理typescript 打印文稿 ( 原稿) laser printer 激光打印机精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载dpi (dots per inch) 每英寸点数lay out 排版Electronic Publishing 电子出版video 视频animation 动画hyperlink 超链接suite of software 软件套件1. Desktop PublishingDesktop publishing (DTP) grew naturally out of word processing though for a long time it was a separate activity1. Recently the two have shown all the signs of growing back together again. The difference between basic word processing (WP) and DTP can be seen by considering the traditional function of the author of a printed document, as compared with the function of the printer2. Before the advent of the desktop computer the author was responsible for producing a typescriptthe process of assembling words in the right order. The printer then took those words and (perhaps with the aid of a designer or typographer) laid out the text in a particular manner, with or without appropriate illustrations, and printed them. The modern author does exactly what his predecessor did, but using a word processor, so that the words do not have to be retyped by the printer3. What DTP does is to automate most of the functions of the printer, using a desktop computer.4 Four developments made this possible: the desktop computer with a GUI, DTP software, the laser printer and the page-description language the PDL. The importance of the laser printer was that a high-quality final product could be produced without the need for traditional typesetting processes (particularly the use of moveable type). The early laser printers, operating at 300400 dots per inch (dpi) could not rival traditional printing processes but could produce results that were 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载acceptable for many everyday purposes, and at a much lower price5. The development of higher resolution laser printers and the digital type-setter (now called an image-setter) have since made it possible for work of almost any quality to be produced this way, though the term DTP, in some people s minds, is still associated with a poorer quality, amateur product6. The importance of the GUI lays in the fact that the function of DTP software is to lay out pre-prepared text and graphics and a GUI allows the user to see immediately an accurate representation of the final product7.This “what you see is what you get” (WYSIWYG) feature is vital to DTP though the slogan should be taken with a pinch of salt8. “what you see” on a 72 dpi screen can never be a wholly accurate representation of “what you get ” on a 300 -1200 dpi (or better) printer. The slogan should, perhaps, be changed to WYSIANATTCMTWYG-“what you see is as near as the technology can manage to what you get”. A necessary feature of a DTP package, therefore, is a zoom facility which displays a portion of the document at a larger size than normal so as to display it at something much closer to the resolution of the final printed product9 . Unfortunately only a small part of the document can be seen at any one time in this magnified mode . This idea that the software enables the user to lay out, electronically, the various items of text and graphics was an important aspect of the first DTP programAldus PageMaker (now Adobe PageMaker).10The screen is used to represent a paste - board, items can then be dragged onto the paper and rearranged until a pleasing result is obtained. Each of the text and graphic items is contained in its own “frame” a rectangular boundaryas if it were on its own separate piece of paper, and these are then moved and pasted into position to form the final design. 2. Electronic Publishing (CD-ROMs and the Internet) In recent years more and more material has been published 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载electronically rather than on paper. The two most important new media have been CD-ROM and the Internet. As a result modern versions of many DTP packages and word processors provide the facility to output files in the formats which have been developed specifically for these two media-particularly HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and PDF (Portable Document Format). The hyper-text principle has also been extended to links to photographs, drawings, sounds, video, animations, tables of figures, maps etc, and the benefit to the user is that vast amounts of information can be made availablein such a way that the user can decide how much to access and in what order.11 Print publishing on the other hand is still, essentially, a linear process. The reader reads the material in the order dictated by the writer, starting at the beginning and going on to the end. Hyperlinked material has no unique beginning and no unique end. All this means that electronic publishing, though having many obvious overlaps with paper publishing, is very different medium needing different skills and different software.12New types of graphic-oriented software have been designed to produce electronic publications: web-publishing software; web-graphic design software; multim edia “authoring ” software; PDF publishing software. One of the potential problems in establishing new software products of this kind is that of the proliferation of standards. Two standards, already referred to, are the PDF formatestablished by Adobe through its “Acrobat ” suite of software. The other is the HTML format, now in the process of being extended to XML (Extensible ML), DHTML (Dynamic HTML) and VRML (Virtual Reality ML). The PDF file format is used mainly for producing CD-ROM editions of existing printed products like computer manuals and magazines. To help establish the PDF format, Adobe created viewer software (called Acrobat “Viewer”), versions of which are available for all the major operating systems free of charge. PDF is, in fact, an extension of PostScriptAdobe s Page Description Language (PDL). For simple 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载documents, all that is needed to produce a PDF document is a special “printer driver ” that doesnt print or at least, doesnt print on paper as one might expect but “prints ” to a file13. The beauty of this approach is that, in principle, any software designed to produce text outputlike a word processorcan be used to produce a PDF document. Once the special printer driver software (Acrobat “PDF Writer ”) has been installed as part of the operating system the user selects that driver at the output stage and “prints ” to a PDF file any document created in that software14. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页