初一英语词汇归纳二牛津.doc

初一英语词汇归纳二牛津版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：词汇归纳二二. 具体过程：四介词4.1 表示时间的介词at, on, in, after, for, since, by, till, until, duringat表示确切的时间点或较短的一段时间；in表示一天中的各局部时间或较长的时间；on表示具体的某天或某天上午或下午；during表示一段时间，强调时间的延续。at 4:30 (noon, dawn, midnight)on Saturday afternoon (an autumn evening)at Christmasin (during) 1987 (December, the 19th century)during my military service (the trip)The job was done in a week.He will be back in two hours. He will be back after two oclock.I stayed in London (for) two days on my way to New York.By noon, everybody had (will have) arrived there. 到中午的时候，大家都(将)到那儿了。He waited tilluntil5 oclock.They stayed until (till) after the meeting. (肯定句中表示：直到时候)Until now I knew nothing about it.Jack didnt come home until / till about 11. (否认句中表示:直到才) 4.2 表示地点、位置的介词in, at, round, around, beyond, on, over, under, above, below, up, down, before, behind, between, amongThe car pulled up at the gate.车停在大门口。She lives at No. 52 Hazel Avenue.They have arrived in Peking.He put a necklace (a)round her neck.He is making a trip round the world.beyond表示在以外： There is a village beyond the hill.on：在平面上；There is a book on the desk.over：在垂直上方； under：在垂直下方：There is a lamp over the table.The peasants are having a rest under the tree.above：在上方； below：在下方：The plane is flying above the clouds.The sun sank below the horizon.before：在前面；after：在后面 两者都具有动态意义Dont put the cart before the horse.莫本末倒置。The object should be placed after the verb.*in front of和behind表示静态意义的位置。The car was parked in front of the building.There is a garden behind the house.between：在两者之间：Is there any difference between the two words?among：在两者以上之间：They visited the temple among the hills.4.3 表示方向、方位的介词to，in，for, atin在面包含在其中Shanghai lies in the east of China.to在部不包含在其中Japan lies to the east of China.on 两地接壤Vietnam lies on the south of China.leave, start, depart等词后加for,表示目的地:He will leave for Shanghai tomorrow.4.4 表示空间运动的介词along, across, through, over, up, down, from, to, into, out of along沿着: They are taking a walk along the street.across横过: Dare you swim across the river?through(从中间穿过): They drove through the city (tunnel).over越过: The plane flew over the city.up向上方: He ran up the stairs. down向下方: The ship is sailing down the river.He received a letter from abroad. She stood up and walked to the window.4.5 表示工具、方法和手段的介词with, by, in, through, on1with表示工具，方式抽象，也可表示材料：Wood is often cut with a saw.We should face the situation with great courage.2by表示途径或手段：Babies learn to speak by imitation.We can get energy by burning fuel.3) in表示方式: Can you do the experiment in another way?Cloth is often measured in metres.4) through表示途径,手段,与by接近: He became rich through hard work.4.6 表示原因的介词because of, on account of, at, for, from, with, of We rejoiced at their great achievements.He was punished for stealing.They are suffering from starvation and disease.She was red with shame.The man died ofThe soldier died from 五形容词和副词5.1系表结构，应用形容词作表语：The dish smells good.He looks very serious.She felt bad at the news.5.2 一些形容词与副词同形clean direct firm likely quick close early hard long slow clear enoughhigh low straight dead far kindly much tight deep fast late near wrong wideJohn drives very fast.He took a fast train to London.You must go straight to bed.The teacher drew a straight line.5.3 常见的以-ly结尾的形容词daily每天的 lonely孤独的 lovely可爱的 lively活泼的 monthly每月一次的friendly友好的 kindly和蔼的 early早的 silly愚蠢的 timely及时的likely很可能的 ugly丑陋的 deadly致命的 deathly死一般的 earthly世俗的其中early, kindly, likely也可用作副词。5.4 某些形容词与副词只差一个词尾，但意义却大不相同：bad 坏的 badly 非常practical实际的 practically事实上hard坚硬 hardly 几乎不large 大的 largely主要地late迟的，晚的 lately近来like像 likely 很可能scarce 稀少的 scarcely 几乎不short 短的 shortly 不久，很快bare 光秃的 barely仅仅六动词6.1 常用的连系动词有：appear be become come fall feel get go grow keep lie remain restrun smell sound stand stay taste look6.2 实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分6.3 助动词无实际意义，只起语法作用：Do you read newspaper every day?The job will be finished soon.6.4 情态动词不能单独作谓语,增加谓语的情态、语气等色彩。常见动词搭配:1动词 + 介词：listen to听amount to等于long for渴望call on号召consist of 由组成look at 看care for 照顾send for 派人去请rely on 依靠depend on 依靠stand for代表laugh at 嘲笑wait for等待apply for申请believe in 信仰play with玩come across碰见go through通过2动词 + 副词：give up放弃look up查找point out指出find out查明hand in上交think over考虑put on穿pick up拣起throw away抛弃take off脱掉hand out分发turn off关掉stand up起立look out小心take off起飞catch up赶上give in让步grow up长大pass away去世get up起床go on 继续3动词 + 副词 + 介词：get along with与相处run out of 用光look up to尊敬get through with完成keep up with 跟上sit in on旁听look forward to 期望look down upon瞧不起4动词 + 名词 + 介词catch sight of 看见keep an eye on照看make fun of 取笑 make friends with与交友pay attention to注意shake hands with与握手take part in参加get rid of摆脱lose sight of 看不见make use of 利用take care of照料【模拟试题】答题时间：50分钟一、单项填空介词一 1. Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; onB. at; onC. in; inD. in; on 2. There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there?No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. onB. inC. outD. up 3. A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1981.A. inB. atC. onD. since 4. He suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. onB. atC. inD. during 5. My grandfather was born _ Oct. 10, 1935.A. onB. in C. at D. of 6. The train is starting _ five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D. still 7. Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on二 1. The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past 2. We returned to our hometown_.A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week 3. Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few yearsC. last year D. on the last year三 1. Children wake up very early _ the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at 2. _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.A. In B. On C. At D. For 3. It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of 4. Why did you get up so early _ this morning?A. on B. / C. at D. in四 1. He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; in 2. Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984.A. on B. in C. at D. to 3. Mrs. Brown came to China _ 1996.A. on B. of C. to D. in 4. _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning _ Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In; of C. On; for D. At; for 5. Ann moved_ Hangzhou _ September, 1992.A. /; in B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in 6. They started off _ an autumn afternoon.A. during B. at C. in D. on五 1. He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D. for; at; to 2. He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on 3. The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten.A. in B. at C. on D. of 4. The children get up _ 6 oclock.A. at B. on C. during D. in六 1. The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A. for; with B. on; withoutC. about; having D. for; without 2. I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_ myself_ last.A. for; by; at B. in; with; onC. on; by; in D. for; for; at the 3. A new factory will be set up _ a year later. A. for B. in C. after D. on 4. Two years_ he began to write another story-book.A. after B. later C. in D. late 5. We will finish the picture a _ day.A. in B. on C. after D. on 6. The workers had been_ strike_ almost a month.A. on; in B. at; inC. on; for D. on; during 7. Mr. Brown had lain _ the ground _ four hours before they finally found him.A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during七 1. The teacher is coming back_ an hour.A. after B. for C. in D. before 2. She lived in the mountain village_ the years 1940-1950.A. between B. during C. in D. since 3. Miss Wang will come to Beijing_ two days.A. after B. in C. on D. before 4. The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won _ the end.A. by B. at C. in D. on八 1. Mary had finished her homework_ the time I got home.A. until B. by C. at D. when 2. We stayed at the lab_ our teacher returned.A. till B. by C. during D. while 3. They didnt leave the station_ they get on the train.A. untilB. by C. after y D. at九1. Dont worry. He will return_.A. before long B. long before C. long long ago D. long ago2. There lived an old man, fishing at sea_.A. long before B. before long C. long time ago D. soon3. It was not _ they came back.A. long before B. before long C. long time before D. long after4. I was told that his uncle had gone to France _.A. long before B. shortly after C. before long D. long ago十 1. _ Tom gets up at five in the morning.A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times 2. I remember we met each other_ last year.A. sometime B. some times C. some time D. sometimes 3. Mary and I have been to the Great Wall,_.A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times 4. He studied English for _ in London, and then he went to America.A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times二、根据A句完成B句，使两句句意一致。1. A: Their football team is much stronger than the other two.B: Their football team is _ _ of the _.2. A: I prefer science to any other subject.B: I like science _ _ any other subject.3. A: Jane went shopping yesterday, and I went shopping, too.B: Jane went shopping yesterday and _ _ I.4. A: This room is not big. It cant hold a lot of people.B: This room is not big_ _ hold so many people.5. A: That machine doesnt work.B: There is_ _ with that machine.6. A: The snow was very heavy last night.B: It _ _ last night.7. A: His uncle no longer works here.B: His uncle _work here _ longer.8. A: This is the most important thing at this moment.B: This thing is _ important than anything _ at this moment.9. A: He was so angry that he couldnt say a word.B: He was _ angry _ say a word.10. A: Zhang Tao speaks English better than any other student in his class.B: _ speaks English so _ as Zhang Tao.三、根据句意, 选用方框中所给动词的适当形式填空:Asleep, crowd round, try, watch, answer, rain, worry, put on, clean, talk, arrive in, preferto, do, catch up1、My grandmother usually _ TV after supper.2、I dont know how _ this question.3、The teacher told him _ not to be late.4、I wont go to see you if it _ tomorrow.5、Have you _ your homework yet?6、The students _ their teacher and asking a lot of question now.7、Our friend _ tea _ coffee.8、Mr Green_ Beijing last night.9、Please be quiet. Mr Wang _ now.10、If you work hard, you _ with others. 11、She looks_, Im sure she is having trouble.12、Youd better _ your coat. Its cold outside.13、Have you finished_ your bedroom?14、I met Tom in the street. I stop _ with him.Bgo, rain, jump, teach, stop talking, must send, be, happen, worry, come, live, help, stop cry1、Mrs. Li always _ about her children.2、There _ no hospital thirty years ago.3、Its time for class. Wed better_ right now.4、English _ twice a day on TV.5、A young man _ into the river and saved the boy.6、Look at the dark cloud! It _ soon.7、Nothing _ to the boy since you left.8、Father wont let her_ alone.9、Spring _ after winter.10、My father _ us three years ago.11、_ he _ you with the cooking yesterday?12、How did Lin Feng make the baby_?13、The old man is ill. He _ to the hospital.Cbe, take, use, stay, hear, sing, write, go, come, keepwait, lock, build, swim1、_ you free last Sunday?2、Jims uncle often _ fishing when it is fine.3、Uncle Wang _ back in a month.4、Great changes _ place since 1980.5、He _ me _ for a long time yesterday afternoon.6、Keys _ by people for_ doors.7、How long _ Peter _ here since he came here? "Five years."8、_ you _ from your parents last month?9、_ this swimming pool _ in 1990?10、Toms friend often_ in lakes.11、Listen! Rose and her sister _ beautifully.12、Do you know if Mr. King _ to his teacher soon?Dbe, born, have, listen, read, cook, open, run, found, clean, lend, be, produce1、I _ my bike to him a moment ago.2、There _ four classes tomorrow morning.3、These machines _ in Shanghai last year.4、The Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949.5、Look! How fast Lin Tao_!6、The new students rooms _ once a week.7、He _ on May 20, 1978.8、Its time for us _ lunch now.9、They enjoyed _ to this song.10、Our teacher asked us to go on _ the new books.11、I would like you_ the meal today.12、Its very hot today. Why not_ the windows?【试题答案】一、一17 B A A A A A B 二13 C C B三14 B B B B 四16 C A D B A D 五14 B D B A 六17 B A B B A C A 七14 C B B C八13 B A A 九14 A A A A 十14 B A D C二、1.the strongest; three 2. better; than 3. so did 4. enough to5. something wrong 6. snowed heavily 7. doesnt; any 8. more; else 9. too; to 10. Nobody; well三、A1、watches2、to answer3、to try4、rains5、done6、are crowing round7、prefers, to8、arrived in9、is sleeping10、will catch up11、worried12、put on13、cleaning14、talkingB1、worries2、was3、stop talking4、is taught5、jumped6、will r