2022年语法学案动词的ing形式作主语和宾语 .pdf

1语法学案动词的 ing形式作主语和宾语一、基础知识1. 动词的形式：动词有四种形式，分别是动词的原形、动词的过去式、动词的过去分词和动词的ing 形式。2. 动词的 ing 形式，因为在句子中做的成分不同分为两类。第一是动名词，常用作主语、宾语和表语。第二是现在分词， 常用作状语、定语或宾补等。3. 英语的句子可以由很多成分构成。主要成分有主语、谓语和宾语或表语（1）主语是指一个句子的中心，表示所讲的是谁或是什么。一般说来，用作主语的词通常是名词和代词。(2) 谓语是说明主语的动作，状态或特征的成分。谓语一般可以分为简单谓语和复合谓语简单谓语主要是指单个的动词或作谓语。 复合谓语主要是指加动词原形或加表语构成。(3) 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当， 它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。如：名词作宾语I love music. 代词做宾语He often helps me. 动名词作宾语He likes playing football. 从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work in time. （4）表语说明主语 “ 是什么 ” 或“ 怎么样 ” ，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。形容词作表语He is very generous. 名词作表语My father is a teacher. 不定式作表语Seeing is believing. 二、动词的 ing 形式的构成和形式1. 动词 ing 形式，一般情况下是在动词的后面直接加ing。 如: readreading. 有特殊变化的需要灵活变化， 如: strugglestruggling regret- regretting 2. 动词的 ing 主要有 4 种形式。一般式 ving 如：doing 一般被动式being+动词的过去分词如：being +done 完成式having +动词的过去分词如：having +done 完成被动式having been+动词的过去分词如：having been +done 三、动词 ing形式作主语、宾语的用法和考点动词 ing形式作主语、宾语时称作动名词（一）动名词作主语1. 位置： 句首或 it 作形式主语，而把正在的动词ing 移至后面。2. 主谓一致：单个的动名词作主语，谓语动词用（单数 /复数）两个或多个动名词作主语， 指不同的动作， 谓语动词用（单数 /复数）如：Smoking is harmful to our health. 属于动词 ing 形式作主语。谓语用了单数的。It is a waste of time doing such a thing. 属于作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的可以转换成 = Doing such a thing is a waste of time. （二）重要考点1. 注意动词 ing 形式作主语的固定句型（1）It is /was a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间。(2) It is / was no good/use doi ng 做是没有好处 /用处的(3) It is worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页2(4) There is/ was no point doing 做是无意义的。如：It is no use waiting here. 在此等待毫无用处。 =Waiting here is no use. 2. 动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1) 动名词作主语通常 表示抽象的、多次的动作 ； 而不定式作主语表示具体的，一次的动作。Smoking is forbidden here 这里禁止抽烟。 (抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much 你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2) 动名词做主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。 (经验) To protect the environment is our duty. (3) 不定式和动名词作主语，可以用it 当形式主语，把做主语的不定式或动名词后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.It is no use/good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。练习： 1. loud music in public against the law in the UK. A. Play; is B. Having played are ; C. Playing; is D. Playing ;are 2.It is a waste of time to persuade him. A. to try B. try C. trying D. tried （三）动名词作宾语1. 位置： 动词或介词的后面，构成动宾或介宾如： I enjoy playing badminton. 主语是谓语是宾语是属于动名词作宾语。She is fond of playing basketball. 在此句子中放在介词后作了宾语成分。2.重要考点常接动词 ing 形式作宾语的动词或短语(1) avoid, miss, delay/put off 避免错过少延期(2) advise/suggest, finish, practise 建议完成多练习(3) enjoy, imagine, can t help 喜欢想象禁不住(4) admit, deny, envy 承认否定与嫉妒(5) escape, risk, excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅(6) stand, keep, mind 忍受保持不介意以上单词常常接动词的ing 形式作宾语如： Would you mind opening the door? 特别注意某些动词后可以接动词ing 形式作宾语也可以接不定式(to do) 作宾语，意思区别很大。1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing 忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) 4) regret to do 对要做的事遗憾（未做）regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔(已做) 5）try to do 努力、企图做某事try doing 试验、试一试某种办法6) mean to do 打算，有意要mean doing 意味着精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页37）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）8) cant help doing sth 禁不住做 cant help to do sth 不能帮忙着去做 注意几个特殊动词need/want/require ( 需要/要求)的宾语形式某人/某物需要做 /被做Sb/sth +need/want/require+ doing/ to be done 如：这间教室需要修理。This classroom needs repairing. = This classroom needs to be repaired. 练习：这个生病的老人需要检查。The sick old man required (examine) = The sick old man required . 四、动词 ing 形式的复合结构和被动、完成形式1. 动词 ing 形式的复合结构有四种形式（1）形容词性物主代词my/your/our/his+动词 ing 形式；（2）名词所有格 s（Tom s / Mary s）+动词 ing 形式(3) 代词宾格 me/you/him/her/us+动词 ing 形式(4) 名词+动词 ing 形式2. 使用复合结构可以比较清楚的表示动词ing 动作的发出者，使句子意思更清楚。如：Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？Do you mind my/ me opening the window? 你介意 我打开窗户吗？I m looking forward to your coming . 我期待 你的 到来。3. 动词 ing 形式根据句子需要有被动或完成的形式变化如：The bird was lucky and it just missed (catch). miss 错过后接 doing 作宾语，还要考虑，鸟 bird 与 catch的关系是被动的。巩固练习1. Its no use without taking any action. (11 上海) A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained 考点：2. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the building in the area . A. need repairing B. needs to be repaired C. needs repairing D. need to repair 考点：3.- What do you think made Mary so upset? - her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 考点：4. He suggested the teacher for help. A. I asking B. me to ask C. me asking D. my to ask 考点：5. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 考点：6.I can t stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working ;to stop D. to work; to stop 考点：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页4补充考点：常接动词不定式 to do 作宾语的动词常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, afford, offer (主动提出做某事 )，decide, seek ,intend(打算)等7. No one can avoid by advertisements A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having influence 考点：8.In my mind, that famous university will be the only way to become a world-class writer. A. attending B. attended C. attend D. having attended 考点：9. - Is that book worth ? - Yes, it is worthy twice. A. reading; being read B. to read; to be read C. of being read; reading D. reading; of being read 考点：10. I want to tell my father that the bike needs . A. to repair B. to be repaired C. repair D. being repaired 考点：【即时练习】根据句意及所给提示完成下列对话。1. A: Avoiding being hurt is really a hard thing for me. Would you mind _ (give) me some advice? B: Sure. I suggest being yourself and practicing understanding others. Consider becoming more open-minded and _ (make) more friends. Sometimes _ (know) more people opens a door to _ (have) a good relationship. A: Thank you. _ (这值得一试 ). I will try changing some of my views on life. B: Not at all. Start enjoying your life. 2. A: Having a good performance in the final exam is important to me, Jack. B: Me too. But it is no use _ (worry) about it without _ (do) something. Dont forget to do your homework today. A: Oh, my God! I left my homework on the play-ground. 3. A: _ (save) some money against a rainy day is necessary, or you will regret _ (not do) so in the future. B: But to save money now is hard for me. I have to spend money _ (learn) more skills, for I cant risk losing my job. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页