（整理版高中英语）市高考英语专题总复习精选阅读理解强化集（8）.doc

省市高考英语专题总复习精选阅读理解强化集8阅读以下材料，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最正确选项。A A woman from Japan was telling a friend about her trip to the United States. The woman had visited major businesses and investment companies in New York City and Chicago.“I studied English before I left home, she said. “But I still was not sure that people were speaking English. Her problem is easy to understand. Americans in business are like people who are in business anywhere. They have a language of their own. Some of the words and expressions deal with the special areas of their work. Other expressions are borrowed from different kinds of work such as the theater and movie industry. One such saying is “get your act together.When things go wrong in a business, an employer may get angry. He may shout, “Stop making mistakes. Get your act together.Or, if the employer is calmer, he may say, “Let us get our act together. Either way, the meaning is the same. Getting your act together is getting organized. In business, it usually means to develop a calm and orderly plan of action.It is difficult to tell exactly where the saying began. But, it is probable that it was in the theater or movie industry. Perhaps one of the actors was nervous and made a lot of mistakes. The director may have said, “Calm down, now. Get your act together.Word expert James Rogers says the expression was common by the late 1970s. Mister Rogers says the Manchester Guardian newspaper used it in 1978. The newspaper said a reform policy required that the British government get its act together.Now, this expression is heard often when officials of a company meet. One company even called its yearly report, “Getting Our Act Together.The Japanese visitor was confused by another expression used by American business people. It is “cut to the chase.She heard that expression when she attended an important meeting of one company. One official was giving a very long report. It was not very interesting. In fact, some people at the meeting were falling asleep.Finally, the president of the company said, “Cut to the chase.Cut to the chase means to stop spending so much time on details or unimportant material. Hurry and get to the good part. Naturally, this saying was started by people who make movies. Hollywood movie producers believe that most Americans want to see action movies. Many of their movies show scenes in which the actors chase each other in cars, or in airplanes or on foot。Cut is the directors word for stop. The director means to stop filming, leave out some material, and get to the chase scene now. So, if your employer tells you to cut to the chase, be sure to get to the main point of your story quickly.1. After the woman visited the United States she might feel that _. A. its difficult to make money B. Its easy to master English C. her English was poor D. people there werent very friendly2. In which situation could the words “get your act together be used? A. Visitors make a tiresome and unpleasant trip to someplace. B. Players perform badly in a match. C. Audience is satisfied with the actors performance in a movie. D. A task is completed successfully 3. According to the text, the expression “get ones act together _. A. was first used by a Japanese business woman B. was commonly read by readers in a newspaper in 1978. C. originally came from a yearly report of a company D. was forbidden to be used in the government policy 4. What do the sayings “get your act together and “cut to the chase have in common? A. their origins B. Their meanings C. Their uses D. their popularities5. The text is most likely to be found in a book about _. A. life attitude B. travel journals C. successful business D. language culture BNo woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue. The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the betteror worsepart of my life. Being rich wouldnt be bad either, but that wont happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars. Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating and excessive eating is one of Christianitys seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and wellbeing. Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat or even only somewhat overweightis bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.Our obsession(迷恋) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases. , however, may as much to do with our way of life and our highfat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problemtoo much fat and a lack of fiberthan a weight problem. The real concern, then, is not what we weight too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle. Thinness can be pure vainglory(虚荣).6. In the eyes of the author, an odd phenomenon nowadays is that _.A. the Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman of virtueB. looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortuneC being thin is viewed as a much desired qualityD religious people are not necessarily virtuous7. Swept by the prevailing trend, the author _.A. had to go on a diet for the greater part of her lifeB. could still prevent herself from going off the trackC. had to seek help from rich distant relativesD. had to wear highly fashionable clothes8. In human history, peoples views on body weight _A. were closely related to their religious beliefs B. changed from time to timeC. varied between the poor and the rich D. led to different moral standard9. The author criticizes womens obsession with thinness _-.A from an economic and educational perspective B. from sociological and medical points of viewC from a historical and religious standpointD. in the light of moral principles10. Whats the authors advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness?A They should be more concerned with their overall life style.B They should be more watchful for fatal diseases.C They should gain weight to look healthyD They should rid themselves of fantasies about designer clothes CThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails， and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example， we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it. Secondly， common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents， caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out， and even if they were， the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly， in the last decade， there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care， and they have reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter， then，is far from clear-cut，though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.11.This passage primarily argues that _.A infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools.B whether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools.C there is not negative long-term effect on infants who are sent to school before they are three.D there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the age of three.12.The phrase “predispose to Para. 1，line 2 most probably means _.A tend to suffer B get into C get into dispose to D lead to13.According to Bowlby's analysis，it is quite possible that _.A Children's personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.B children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.C early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children. D some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from children's development.14.It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that _.A traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.B Children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.C A child did not live together with his parents among the Ngoni.D Children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents.15.The writer concludes that _.A it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school.B It is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children.C It is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school.D It is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school. DTheres an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “I just cant get started. People say. But its not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.What youre seeking is not physical energy. Its emotional energy. Yet, sad to say life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations (义务). We encounter (遭遇) emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue (疲劳), a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child I observed people who were poor or disabled or ill, but who nevertheless faced life with optimism and vigor (活力). Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of bed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed. Unlike physical energy, which is finite (有限的) and diminishes (减少) with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You cant simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work.1. Do something new.Very little thats new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: Its like a tire(轮胎) with a slow leak漏. You dont notice it at first, but eventually youll get a flat. Its up to you to plug the leakeven though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. Thats where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago. Fortunately, Maura had a lifelinea group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with ashort haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business. Heres a challenge: If its something you wouldnt ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish youve never eaten. Listen to music youd ordinarily tune out. Youll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.2. Reclaim lifes meaning.So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale (厌倦的). The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. “I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something. she says. “But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life. Ivys solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.3. Put yourself in the fun zone.Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived缺乏的