（整理版高中英语）语法·剖析直接引语和间接引语.doc

语法·剖析直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语的定义。直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号“。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不用加引号。通常是变为宾语从句或动词不定式。例如：1“I like singing，she said.直接引语“我喜欢唱歌，她说。 She said she liked singing.间接引语她说她喜欢唱歌。2“Dont touch anything, he said.直接引语他说：“别碰任何东西。 He told us not to touch anything.间接引语他告诉我们别碰任何东西。直接引语变成间接引语时时态的变化。1)假设主句的谓语是过去时态，直接引语改为间接引语时，要调整时态。现在时 过去时直接引语间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来时 过去将来时一般将来时 过去将来时将来进行时 过去将来进行时将来完成时 过去将来完成时一般过去时过去完成时如: Kitty said,“I need some fresh air. 基蒂说：“我需要新鲜空气。Kitty said she needed some fresh air.基蒂说她需要新鲜空气。 Kathy said,“Ill pick you up at nine.凯西说：“我九点钟来接你。 Kathy said she would pick me up at nine.凯西说她九点钟来接我。 The scientist said，“I spent 10 years working at the research.这位科学家说：“我花了10的时间致力于这项研究。The scientist said he had spent 10 years working at the research.这位科学家说他花了10的时间致力于这项研究。2以下情况中，直接引语变间接引语时，时态不变：主句谓语动词为现在时,间接引语中的动词可保持原来时态。如:He says,“I had a good time last night.他说：“我昨晚过得很愉快。He says he had a good time the night before.他说他昨晚过得很愉快。直接引语表达的是习惯性动作、客观事实或科学真理时,变为间接引语时时态不变。如:“The moon moves around the earth, the astronomer said.天文学家说：“月亮绕着地球转。The astronomer said the moon moves around the earth.天文学家说月亮绕着地球转。直接引语变为间接引语时人称的变化。人称要根据句子的意义作相应的变化。如：“Which one will you take? the shop assistant asked me.商店售货员问道：“你买哪一个？ The shop assistant asked me which one I would take.商店售货员问我买哪一个。直接引语变为间接引语时指示代词和时间或地点状语，和个别动词的变化如下表：直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentoday,tonightthat day,that nightyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next (following) daynext monththe month after/the following montha week agoa week beforelast yearthe year before/the previous yearheretherecomegobringtake如：May said to Jennifer,“I will bring some photos here to you tomorrow.梅对詹妮弗说：“我明天带些照片来给你。May told Jennifer she would take some photos there to her the next day.梅对詹妮弗说她第二天会带些照片去给她。如果句子意思并无改变就不必改变这些词。例如在当地转述，here 不必改为there，动词come 不必改为go。 如果在当天转述yesterday,tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。如：Mrs.Winston said,“I will come here tomorrow afternoon.温斯顿太太说：“我明天下午会来这儿。Mrs.Winston said she would come here again tomorrow afternoon.温斯顿太太说她明天下午会来这儿。今天还在同样的地方转述这句话巧记：直引假设是一般问，变间if/whether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。直引假设是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。 直引假设是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。 told/asked/ordered,根据口气来选定。告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。假设是否认祈使句,not to do后边行。