（整理版高中英语）选修8　Unit5　Meetingyourancestors.doc

选修8 Unit 5Meeting your ancestors要 点 梳 理 高效梳理·知识备考重点单词1alternative n. 可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的2starvation n挨饿；饿死starve vi.挨饿；饿死3accuracy n精确；准确accurate adj.准确的；精确的4interrupt vt. & vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止5assume vt.假定；设想6sharpen vi. & vt.(使)锋利；锋利；清晰sharpener n磨具；削具7messy adj.凌乱的；脏的mess n凌乱，脏8botany n植物学botanical adj.植物学的，与植物学有关的9analysis n分析analyses pl.analyse vt.分析analyst n分析者，化验员analytic(al) adj.分析的，解析的10category n种类；类别；范畴11significance n意义；意思；重要性，重要意义12delete vt.删；删除13somehow adv.以方式；不知怎么地14academy n学院；学会；学术团体；院校15applaud vi. & vt.鼓掌欢送；赞赏applause n鼓掌16accelerate vi. & vt.加速；促进17arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n逮捕；拘留18dizzy adj.晕眩的；昏乱的；使人发晕或困惑的重点短语1regardless of不管；不顾2at most 至多；最多3cut up 切碎4fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦5look ahead 向前看；为将来打算6date back 追溯到7arrest sb. for. 因而逮捕某人8with relief 欣慰地9be proud of. 以为骄傲10turn to sb. for help 向某人求助重点句型1If only it could be just like last year! 要是能跟去年那样有多好呀！2It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England. 见到你们这些来自英国的学生非常快乐3It must have been very uncomfortable.那肯定会非常不舒服。4We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。5Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. 她突然坐了下去，结果被她正又笑又嚷的妹妹鲁娜一把抱了起来。高考范文(·)大学生活即将开始，你将面对新的学习和生活环境。请根据提示写一篇英语短文，谈谈你打算如何安排你的大学生活。内容要点应包括：确定新的学习目标改良学习方法学会独立生活参加各种课外活动处理好与同学的关系注意：1.短文的内容要连贯、完整；2短文单词数：100左右(开头已给出的单词不计入单词总数)。 I will go to college in the near future._范文 I_will_go_to_college_in_the_near_future. After I enter college, I plan to set new goals in my study and improve my way of learning. What's more, as I am away from my parents, it is necessary for me to learn to live on my own, such as doing some washing and cleaning by myself. In my spare time, I will take part in different kinds of school activities, for example, I will often go to the English Corner to practise my spoken English. In addition, I need to get along well with my classmates and teachers at college. I think I will have a wonderful college life.考 点 探 究 互动探究·能力备考.词汇短语过关1alternative n. (两者或两者以上)选择；二选其一；可供选择的东西；替代物adj. 选其一的；替代的an alternative to. 的替代品have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做alternative energy 可替代能源即学即练1(1)Have you got an _ suggestion?你有没有其他的建议？(2)You _ marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉，任你选择。alternativehave the alternative of(3)We have _.除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。(4)There is _.除了战斗，没有其他的方法。no alternative but to go onno alternative but to fight2interrupt vi. 打岔vt. 暂时中断或中止interruption n. 中断，打断interrupt sb. 打断某人的讲话或正在做的事without interruption 不间断地即学即练2(1)Dont _ me while Im busy.我正忙着，不要打搅我。(2)Traffic in the city _ a snowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。interruptwas interrupted by(3)Im sorry to _ you, but could you tell me the way to the hospital?对不起，打搅了，你能告诉我去医院怎么走吗？interrupt3assume v. 假定；设想assumption n. 假定，假设assume sth. 认为某事assume thatclasue 认为assuming that.suppose/supposing that 假设assume sb. to be . 认为某人是即学即练3(1)You _ his innocence before hearing the evidence against him.You _ him _ innocent before hearing the evidence against him.You _ he is innocent before hearing the evidence against him.在听到对他不利的证言前，你假定他是无罪的。assumeassumeto beassume that(2)_/_/_ (that) it rains, what shall we do? 假设下雨的话，我们怎么办？AssumingSupposeSupposing4somehow adv. 用某种方法，不知怎么地，不知为什么somehow adv. 在句中做状语修饰动词，位置比拟灵活somewhat 稍微，有点anyhow 无论如何anyway 无论如何；不管怎样；用任何方式即学即练4(1)_ he was afraid of her.不知为什么，他怕她。(2)Dont worry, well get the money back _.别担忧，我们总会把那些钱拿回来的。Somehowsomehow(3)I was _ surprised.我有点儿吃惊。(4)It may rain, but we shall go _.可能要下雨，不过我们照走不误。somewhatanyway5arrest n. 逮捕；拘留vt. 逮捕；吸引arrest sb. for 因而逮捕某人get arrested 遭逮捕arrest ones attention 引起注意under arrest 被捕make an arrest 进行拘捕即学即练5(1)Embry _ stealing cars.恩布里因为偷车而被捕了。(2)He was placed _ in 1995.他在1995年被软禁。(3)The police expected to _ soon.警方很快就会进行拘捕。was arrested forunder house arrestmake an arrest6regardless of 不管；不顾in spite of 尽管；不管despite 不管；尽管as regards 关于，至于in regard to/of. 关于in this regard 关于此事with regard to 关于regarding prep. 关于提示：regardless of, in spite of和 despite 后面不能直接跟从句，只能跟名词，但可以跟 the fact that.。即学即练6(1)They decorated the house _ the high cost. 他们不惜高额的费用装修房子。(2)They continued to work _ the fact that it was raining. 尽管天在下雨，他们还继续工作。regardless ofregardless of7at most至多at (the) most至多，不超过at (the) least至少，不低于；无论如何at (the) best充其量，不超过most of all尤其，特别make the most of(make full use of)充分利用least of all(especially not)更不用说not in the least(not at all)一点也不即学即练7(1)I can pay you 10 pounds _.我最多付给你10英镑。(2)There were only 30 people at the meeting _.最多只有30个人参加了那个会议。at(the) mostat(the) most(3)It will cost _ 150.这至少价值150英镑。at least8cut up 切碎；割碎cut down 砍掉，砍倒；缩减，减少，削减cut through 剪断，凿穿；抄近路穿过cut out 剪下，切掉，割掉；删除；住口cut in 插嘴，插入；打断(谈话)cut off 切掉；割掉；剪下，删去；切断，断绝；使别离，使隔绝；打断，(突然)中止，中断cut away 去掉；切掉；砍掉即学即练8(1)_ the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。The cook _ the meat for the pie.这厨师将肉切碎做肉饼。Cut upcut up(2)用适当的介、副词填空You won't be cutting _ the office staff, then?The gas has been cut_.John and his brother were arguing so their mother told them to cut it _ and go to bed.downoffoutMr Davis cut _ to ask if anyone would like a drink.He cut _ the old branches from the tree.inaway9look ahead 向前看；为将来打算look after 照顾，照料look up 仰视，查阅look up to sb. 尊敬某人look down on/upon sb. 轻视；瞧不起look in 短时间探访look into sth. 调查look over 浏览检查，观察look through 翻阅，查找即学即练9(1)Just _ and youll see a pagoda.只要向前望去，你就可以看到一座宝塔。(2)We must _ before we go further in the matter.在进一步进行这件事之前，我们必须把眼光放远。(3)We must _ before we make a decision.我们作出决定之前必须想得远一点。look aheadlook aheadlook ahead10date back to追溯到；上溯到date back todate from因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时，也没有被动语态。即学即练10(1)This custom _ the 16th century.这风俗起源于16世纪。(2)This is an old building _ the 16th century.这是一栋追溯至16世纪的古老建筑物。dates back todating back to(3)This town _ Roman times.这个城镇可追溯到罗马时代。(4)The unearthed sword _ the Han Dynasty.这把出土的宝剑属于汉代。dates back todates back to.重点句型详解1It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England.我很快乐遇见你们这些来自英国的学生pleasure 本来是抽象名词，在此句中具体化，意思是“乐事；快事。Its a pleasure to meet you.认识你是十分快乐的事。She has few pleasures left in life.她生活中已没有什么乐趣了。拓展：抽象名词的具体化是高考的常考点之一，现总结如下：(1)表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，且表示变化了的词义时，这类抽象名词由于已具体化，故可变为可数名词。如：a pleasure 乐事 a success 成功的人或事a surprise 奇异的事 a failure 失败的人或事a pity 可惜的事 a must 必要的事a worry 令人担忧的事 a wonder 奇迹a great help 有帮助的人或事 a youth 年轻人a danger 危险的人或物 a beauty 美人(2)表示抽象的特性、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种、一类、一下、一顿等意思时，常可组成“a/an抽象名词或“a/an形容词抽象名词结构。如：have a sleep 睡觉die a death 死take a great interest 表现极大的兴趣 take a look 看get a high opinion 得到很高的评价make an apology 抱歉have a good time 玩得快乐an art 一种艺术a delicious breakfast (lunch, supper) 可口的早餐(午餐、晚餐)即境活用1She is _ success, _ woman as she is.A/; /Ba; aC/; a Da; /答案：D解析：考查冠词。第一空填a，表示“一位成功人士；第二空 as引导让步状语从句时，句子需倒装且名词前不填冠词。2We have_been_excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。(1)句中的have been doing是现在完成进行时。完成进行时是现在完成时的强调形式，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for hours, since this morning等，其构成是“have/hasbeen现在分词。I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it.我已经花了三天的时间找我丧失的书，但还没有找到。【注意】现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：二者都可以表示动作的延续，区别在于：前者更强调动作的延续性，可以说是后者的强调形式。We have been living here for ten years.(强调还要继续住下去)We have lived here for ten years.(不知道是否已经结束)在无时间状语的情况下，前者表示动作仍在进行，而后者那么表示动作在过去已结束。The students have been preparing for the exam.(还在进行)The students have prepared for the exam.(已经结束)(2)句中的suggest含义为“暗示，说明，后面接从句时不用虚拟语气。His pale face suggests he is in bad health.他面色苍白，说明他身体不好。当suggest含义为“建议，提出时，后面跟从句时要用虚拟语气that sb. should do。I suggested to him that we should handle the problem another way.我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.牙医建议她改天再来。即境活用2(1)The two countries _ to maintain their military equation for many years.Atried Bwas tryingChave tried Dhave been trying答案：D(2)The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by everyone.Awould present BpresentCpresents Dought to present答案：B3Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.她突然坐下，结果被她又笑又嚷的妹妹鲁娜抱了起来。only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna是不定式做结果状语，多表示意料之外的结果。He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。提示：ing 形式做结果状语多表示由于前边的动作自然而然地导致后边的结果。如：They can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. 它们可以在两分钟之内把一个人吃光，只剩骨头。European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport.有80多个国家踢欧式足球，这使得它成为最流行的运动。即境活用3The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.Ato tell Bto be toldCtelling Dtold答案：B解析：onlyto do 常做结果状语，故排除C、D两项。根据句意可知是“别人告诉记者，the news reporters 做主语，需用被动式。易 错 点 拨 自我完善·误区备考1.alternative/choice/selection(1)alternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。(2)choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指选择，挑选，抉择。(3)selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。应用1(1)The store offers a wide _ of fruit and vegetables.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。(2)An unhappy _ is before you. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr Collins, and I will never see you again if you do.摆在你面前的是个很不幸的难题，你得自己去选择。如果你不嫁给柯林斯先生，你母亲就再也不想见你，而如果你要嫁给他，我就再也不愿见到你。choicealternative(3)Parents should be careful in their _ of the movies their young children see.家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。selection2. interrupt/disturb(1)interrupt打断(某人的)谈话；中断(某人的)行动(2)disturb打搅(尤指正在工作的人)；阻碍(某人的睡眠)使烦恼(worry)应用2(1)If you get up early, try not to _ anyone else.如果你起得早，尽量不要打搅别人。(2)Youd better not _ him when he is speeking.当他在说话时你最好别打断他。(3)Im sorry to _ you, but can I talk to you for a moment？对不起，打搅你一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？disturbinterruptdisturb3. 现在完成进行时应用3(1)I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so. He _ for it for months.Ais preparing Bwas preparingChad been prepared Dhas been preparing答案：D解析：从语境可知 prepare 这一动作从过去一直持续到说话时。故用 have been doing。(2)She ought to stop working. She has a headache because she _ all day long.Ahas been reading Bhad readCis reading Dread答案：A解析：主句用了一般现在时，从句强调到现在为止，一直在读书，所以用现在完成进行时。(3)Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year.Astudies BstudiedCis studying Dhas been studying答案：D解析：凯茜正在阳光记语法笔记，她一直在那里学英语，到现在一年了。(4)Ever since the Greens moved to the country a year ago, they _ better health.Aare enjoying Bhave been enjoyingCcould have enjoyed Dhad enjoyed答案：B解析：ever since (自从以来)引导从句时，主句要用完成时态。本句强调“一直进行，所以选B。(5)Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No, but we _ to get in touch with them ever since.Ahave tried Bhave been tryingChad tried Dhad been trying答案：B解析：从情景可知，句子的谓语应使用现在完成时态，排除C、D两项。现在完成时表示动作到现在结束；现在完成进行时那么表示动作持续到现在并且要延续到将来。运用到此题表示“过去一直并且以后也要尽力去取得联系。高 效 作 业 自我测评·技能备考.单词拼写1I have to s_ the pencil. It doesnt write well.2Millions will face s_ next year as a result of the drought.3After her performance, the audience stood up and a_ the actress for a long time.4Its widely accepted that botany falls into the c_ of biology.5You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two a_.sharpenstarvationapplaudedcategoryalternatives6He was _(逮捕) for murdering.7Children must learn not to _ (打断谈话)8_(假定) it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?9Who will learn a language _ (不管) of methods, materials, or teachers?10_(不知怎么地), the message was passed.arrestedinterruptAssumingregardlessSomehow .单项选择1Would you do me a favor and give me a ride?_.AIt's my pleasure BNo troubleCYes, that's right DWith pleasure答案：D解析：此题考查口语情景答复。从语境分析，此处应该表示“非常乐意去帮助的意思。Its my pleasure. “不客气的意思，接受道谢时的答复。而 with pleasure 的意思为“非常愿意，用来答复对方的请求。应选D。2(·卷)As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.Aprimary BalternativeCinstant Dunique答案：B解析：考查形容词辨析。B.“可替代的合题意。A.主要的，初期的，根本的；C.立即的，立刻的；D.独特的，唯一的。3We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon_ that the others agree.Ato assume BassumedCassume Dassuming答案：D解析：assumingsupposesupposing“假设。4Her friend I referred to just now was _ for fraud.Asuspected BchargedCaccused Darrested答案：D解析：be arrested for 因被逮捕。be suspected of 被疑心；be charged with和 be accused of 意为“被控告。5At times this balance of nature is _， resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.Atroubled BdisturbedCconfused Dinterrupted答案：B解析：句意为：有时生态平衡被打破，结果会有很多难以预见的影响。 interrupt 打断；trouble 麻烦；disturb 打搅，搅乱；confuse 迷惑。6_，we must expect changes to be made in our system of teaching.ALooking around BLooking aheadCWatching out DSeeing around