（整理版高中英语）人教高一必修1重点提炼Unit1Friendship语法突破（1）.doc

人教版高一必修1重点提炼：Unit 1 Friendship语法突破1间接引语 引用，是一种修辞方法。引用可以一字不改地将别人的话加以引用或复数出来，这叫做直接引语direct speech；或用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲直接引语须放在引号内；间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。如：He said, "I am a doctor".他说：“我是医生。引号内的内容是直接引语He said that he was a doctor.他说他是医生。句中的宾语从句是间接引语直接引语变间接引语的一般规那么直接引语变间接引语时，时态变化规那么如下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时进去完成时进去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 一般将来时 过去将来时 情态动词can/maycould/might 如：The girl said, "I'm sorry for being late for class." The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.那姑娘说对不起她上课迟到了。My mother said to me, "Your classmate is waiting for you in the sitting room." My mother told me that my classmate was waiting for me in the sitting room.我母亲告诉我，我的同学正在客厅等我。She said, "I have seen the film Titanic." She said that she had seen the film Titanic.她说她看过了电影泰坦尼克号。Li Hua said to me," Your parents have been looking for you." Li Hua told me that my parents had been looking for me.李华告诉我，我的父母正在找我。He said, "I made some spelling mistakes yesterday." He said that he had made some spelling mistakes the day before. 他说他前一天出了一些拼写错误。The student said," I had learnt about 5,000 English words by the end of last year." The student said that he had learnt about 5,000 English words by the end of the year before.那个学生说到去年年底他已经学了5，000个单词。He asked me, "What were you doing at that time?" He asked me what I was doing at that time.他问我那时我在干什么？She said, "I will go there this afternoon." She said (that) she would go there that afternoon,她说她那天下午将去那里。 人称变化要根据说话者、听者或第三者的相互关系，作出相应和变化。如：He said to me. "I have left my book in your room." He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书落在我的房间了。The teacher said, "Im glad to be with you. 其它变化包括指示代词、时间和地点的词以及表示方向的动词变化。详见下表：直 接 引 语 间 接 引 语指示代词this these 表 示 时 间 that those now thentoday, tonight that day, that night tomorrow the next(following) daythis week(month.) that week(month.) yesterdaythe day before last week(month.) the week(month.)beforethe day before yesterday two days before the day after tomorrow in two daystime three days agothree days beforenext week(month.) the next(following)week(month.)方向动词bring take come go表示地点here there 如：He said, "I will come here again tonight." He said that he would go there again that night.他说他今天晚上再去那儿。She said, "I arrived yesterday morning." She said that she (had) arrived the morning before.他说他昨天早晨到达的。4.各种句式的直接引语变间接引语。a.直接引语为陈述句。直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语用that引导的宾语从句。如：Tom said, "I've reviewed my lessons." Tom said that he had reviewed his lessons. 汤姆说他已经复习了他的功课。主句中的"say to sb."常须改为"tell sb."如： She said to me, "I'm studying Japanese these days." She told me(that) she was studying Japanese those days. 好告诉我好这几天正在学日语。直接引语是一般问句时，间接引语用whether或if 引导的宾语从句。如：Mr. Green asked," Are you preparing for it?" Mr. Green asked whether (if) we were preparing for it. 格林先生问我们是否正在准备。如果问句是表示建议，可用动词suggest或advise加宾语从句或适当结构来完成。如："Shall we meet at the theatre?" he said He suggested that we should meet at the theatre.(=He suggested our meeting at the theatre.他建议我们在电影院见面。直接引语是特殊问句时，间接引语为原连接代词(副词)引导的宾语从句。如：He asked, "what size dress do you wear?" He asked what size dress I (you) wore .他问我穿什么型号的。He asked, "which one do you like best?" He asked which one you(I)liked best.他问我最喜欢哪一个。直接引语是选择问句时，间接引语为"whether.or"引导的宾语从句。如：He asked me, "Will you go abroad or stay in Beijing?" He asked me whether I would go abroad or stay in Beijing.他问我是出国呢还是呆在。 直接引语是反意问句时，间接引语为whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：He asked, "You have succeeded, haven't you?" He asked us if we had succeeded. 他问我们是否已成功。 直接引语为感慨句时，间接引语可用what或how引导的宾语从句，也可以用that引导的宾语从句，有时还可用其它适当的动词来转述。如："How fast he runs!" he said, He said how fast he ran.(=He said that he ran very fast.) 他说他跑得多么快。She said, "Happy New Year! "She wished me a happy New Year.她祝愿我新年愉快。