（整理版高中英语）名词考点典型陷阱题分析.doc

名词考点典型陷阱题分析1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _ newspaper, with _ in her eyes.A. a, tearB. a piece of, tearsC. a, tearsD. a piece of, tear【陷阱】误选D，许多学生错误地认为，既然news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词，那么newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的；同时认为“眼泪即“泪水，“水不可数，“泪水和“眼泪也应该不可数。【分析】最正确答案为C。newspaper和 tear均为可数名词，它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数，而且还可以连用数词。Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。The newspapers were full of lies. 报纸上一片谎话。A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。顺便说一句，假设不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西，而只是把它当成一种“纸来看待，也可用作不可数名词，如：Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。2. Her father works as a _ in a hotel and her mother a _ in a private company. A. cooker, typewriterB. cook, typistC. cooker, typistD. cook, typewriter【陷阱】误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook 用作动词，表示“煮饭，所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人，即“厨师；type 用作动词，表示“打字，所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员。【分析】而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。3. “Why couldnt they meet us at five oclock? “Because they were delayed by _.A. heavy trafficB. heavy trafficsC. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics【陷阱】B、C、D三项均容易误选。【分析】对于此题，首先要明确traffic为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D。另外，汉语习惯说“交通拥挤，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic，要表示汉语的“交通拥挤，英语通常说heavy traffic，即选A。如下面一题也是选A：She is not a competent driver and cant cope with driving in _.A. heavy trafficB. heavy trafficsC. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics4. In fact, _ one cause that leads to the problem. A. cattle isB. cattle areC. cattles areD. the cattles are【陷阱】此题容易误选A，想当然地认为cattle是单数，并且空格有表单数的one，自然谓语动词用is。【陷阱】其实，正确答案为B。cattle(牲畜，牛)为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s，却永远表示复数意义，假设用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。类似地，police(警察)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如：The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。5. By all _, you must try every _ to help him.A. mean, meanB. means, meansC. means, meanD. mean, means【陷阱】误选C，认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every修饰，故用mean。【分析】其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示“方式、“方法时，不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词，表示“意思是；也可用作名词，表示“中间、“中庸)。此题正确答案为C，by all means为习语，意为“一定、“尽一切方法。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比拟：All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的方法都已经试过了。Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的方法都已经试过了。假设句意不能明确地说明主语的单复数，其谓语那么用单数或复数均可。如：Is Are there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么方法可弄到更多钱吗?6. Jim is _ person, and everyone is willing to be _ with him.A. so kind a, friendsB. so a kind, friends C. so kind a, friendD. so a kind, friend【陷阱】误选C或D。认为 friend要用单数。【分析】其实此题最正确答案为A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person，注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with是习语，意为“与友好、“跟做朋友，与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。7. We already have _ pencils, but we need two _ pens.A. dozen of, dozenB. dozens of, dozens C. dozens of, dozenD. dozens of, dozen of【陷阱】误选 B。【分析】此题最正确答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比拟复杂，大致原那么是：(1) 当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有 two dozen of 这样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应防止，如1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen of为错误选项：Shortly after the accident, _ police were sent to the spot to keep order. A. dozens ofB. dozensC. dozen ofD. dozenD(2) 当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，那么不仅要加复数词尾-s，而且要后接介词 of，此时可将dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如：Ive been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。Shes got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况：Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。 (3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词 of不能省略。如：several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔注：英语较少使用many dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens of。(4) 当它后面的名词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us, them这样的人称代词时，那么此时必须用介词 of。如：two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋three dozen of them 它们中的3打注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。8. She raised her finger to her lips as _ for silence. A. an ideaB. a markC. a signD. a word【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】应选C，sign与mark的区别是：sign 的意思是“迹象、“征兆gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C：(1) Those black clouds are a sure _ that its going to rain. A. thingB. markC. signD. one(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a _ of good harvest next year.A. markB. trackC. signD. appearance但是，下面一题却不能选sign，也不能选mark，而选symbol(象征)：The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _ of courage and power. A. exampleB. signC. markD. symbol顺便说一句，在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。9. “May I take your order now? “Wed like three black _ and two green _.A. coffee, cups of teasB. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, teaD. cup of coffees, teas【陷阱】误选C，认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项A、B、D。【分析】选B。有的同学认为 coffee 和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用 three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示“一杯咖啡，即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同样，“三杯茶既可说成 three cups of tea，也可说成 three teas；“三杯啤酒既可说成 three glasses of beer，也可说成 three beers。10. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. WalkB. WalkingC. The walkD. To walk【陷阱】容易误选A或D。【分析】最正确答案为B。分析如下：(1) 首先，选项D不如选项B佳，因为，不定式通常表示特定的动作，而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。(2) 尽管walk用作名词时可以表示“散步，但它是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的散步，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步，要表示此义，要用动名词 walking。比拟：How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?Walking does good to your health. 散步对你的健康有益。类似地，dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的区别也是一样：(1) 名词的 dance表示“跳舞，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 dancing。比拟：Lets have a dance. 我们跳曲舞吧。He is interested in dancing. 他对跳舞感兴趣。(2) 名词的 swim表示“游泳，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 swimming。比拟：She had a swim every day. 她每天游一会儿泳。She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。