（整理版高中英语）高一英语Unit5AnInterviewWithAPoet冀教知识精讲.doc

高一英语Unit 5 An Interview With A Poet冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 5 An Interview With A Poet 二. 教学重点：1. 重点单词：reflection, interview, humour, poetry , central, seriously, except for, garbage, distant, describe, impersonal, childhood, author, serve, wave, title, memory, encouragement, confidence, trust, eventually, policy, dive, shock, trick, track, hunger, inner, thread2. 重点句型： 1). Do you need help? 2). How can I help you? 3). Would you like to help you? 4). Excuse me, can I help you?3. 语法： 本单元重点学习虚拟语气的一般用法 动词时态一般现在时三. 重难点解释：1. reflection n.反射，映象，倒影，反省，沉思，反映 the reflection in a mirror镜中的映像do sth. without sufficient reflection未经深思熟虑做某事reflections on the current situation对当前形势的看法He is simply a reflection of his father.他极象他的父亲。This is a reflection upon your honour.这有损你的名誉。on upon reflection经再三思考without (due) reflection轻率，不经思考reflect v.反射，反映，表现，反省，细想A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look in it. 当你照镜子时，镜子映出你的形象。Does this letter reflect how you really think? 这封信是否表达了你真实的想法？He reflected before answering my question. 他在答复我的问题之前仔细考虑了一下。2. interview vt.接见，会见 n.接见，会见I thank you very much indeed for this interview.非常感谢你这次接见。to go for an interview 进行面试give an interview to sb.接见某人have an interview with sb.会见某人3. humour n.幽默，诙谐 have no sense of humo(u)r缺乏幽默感a man of humo(u)r富有幽默感的人 Every man has his humo(u)r. 谚各人有各人的脾气。in a bad humo(u)r情绪不好，不快乐in a good humo(u)r快乐，情绪很好in (an) ill humo(u)r不快乐，情绪不佳in the humo(u)r for有(做某事的)心情；快乐；想out of humo(u)r情绪不佳，没兴趣humourous adj.富幽默感的，滑稽的4. poetry n.诗，作诗法，诗意，诗情Her dancing is pure poetry.她的舞蹈非常富于诗意。satiric poetry挖苦诗epic poetry叙事诗5. central adj.中心的，中央的，重要的，主要的，中枢的，走中间道路的The shops are in a central position in the city.商店都开设在城市的中心。The central aim of this government is social stability.本届政府的首要目标是实现社会稳定。Our house is very central for the shops. 我们家离商店很近。central committee中央委员会6. seriously adv.认真地，真诚地 be seriously hurt受重伤be seriously ill生重病serious adj.严肃的，认真的，严重的He is a serious boy. 他是个严肃的孩子。“This is a serious political story, not an entertainment.“这是一个严肃的政治故事，不是供消遣的。The mistake is not very serious. 这错误不太严重。There were more than ten serious casualties in the Monday plane crash.有十多人在星期一飞机失事事故中受重伤。and now to be serious现在来谈正经的pretending to be serious煞有介事地take for serious当真7. except for 除之外，只是；要不是。强调在细节上加以修正。而except表示除了不同类。Your composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.你的作文要不是几处拼写错误就很好了。“Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.公共汽车上要不是坐了一位老太太就是空的。He had considered everything except the weather. 他什么都想过,唯独没考虑到天气。“Every one of us, except him, went to watch the basketball match.“除他以外，我们都去观看了篮球比赛。8. garbage n.垃圾, 废物 literary garbage无聊读物garbage can truck垃圾箱车household garbage生活垃圾9. distant adj.远的，关系远的(亲戚) ，疏远的，间隔的，冷漠的 The foreign visitors came from a distant country. 外国游客来自一个遥远的国度。 a distant journey 遥远的路程 Those two weak boys are distant relations.那两个瘦弱的男孩是远房亲戚。 Instead of stopping to speak, she passed by with only a distant nod. 她没有停下来谈话，只是冷冷地点了一下头走了过去。be distant towards sb. 对某人冷淡I will describe you. 我来把你描述一番。It is easy to describe a circle if you have a pair of compasses. 如果有圆规，很容易画一个圆。to describe him as a liar 说他是个撒谎的人Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.语言难以描述出这景色的幽美。He described himself as a doctor.他自称是医生。describe sb. as把某人说成是(称作)impersonal forces非人力(如自然力)an impersonal attitude 客观态度12. author n.作家，创造者The author of the novel is a peasant. 这部小说的作者是个农民。 the author of a new theory 新理论的创始人 Choose an author as you choose a friend.谚择书如择友。13. serve v.当仆人，效劳，服役，供职，招待，侍候，供给，适合 Can I serve you in any way? 我能帮你忙吗？ The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售货员不喜欢她那种穿着。He serves in the navy. 他在海军服役。a pipeline serving the house with water 给房子供水的水管This box will serve for a seat. 这箱子可当作座椅。 This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.这个平台将用作港口和火车站。serve the people heart and soul全心全意地为人民效劳serve coffee hot把咖啡趁热端上来serve as for作为用；担任；起作用serve on担任的职；成为中的一员service n.效劳，效劳性工作，服役，仪式14. wave n.波，波浪，(挥手)示意，致意vi.(挥手)示意，致意，波动，飘动，摇动 He waved desperately to his companion.他绝望地向他的伙伴挥了挥手。She waved her hand to say good-bye. 她挥手辞别。Her hair waves naturally. 她的头发卷得很自然。She gave a wave as she left the house. 她离开家时挥了挥手。waves of wheat in the wind麦浪滚滚wave aside对置之不理wave away off挥手辞别；挥手使离去；谢绝，拒绝brain wave突如其来的灵感；巧妙的主意15. title n.头衔，名称，标题，资格，字幕， vt. 赋予头衔，加标题于 A doctor has the title Dr in front of his name. 医生的名字前有“Dr这个称呼。 16. memory n.记忆，记忆力，回忆，存储(器) ，内存 Grandmother has a good memory；she can remember things which happened many years ago. 祖母的记忆力很好，她能记起多少年前发生的事。 There have been two wars within the memory of my grandfather.有两次战争是我祖父所记得的。I had happy memories of my school. 我对我们有着幸福的回忆。He has a bad memory for dates.他对日期的记忆很差。It brought back to memories of my schooldays.它使我回想起我的学生时代。out of memory被忘却, 被遗忘make memory of sth. 保存记录；记载from memory凭记忆have a no memory of(不)记得17. encouragement n.鼓励，奖励encourage vt.鼓励，怂恿encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人(做某事)encourage a man to work better鼓励一个人更好地工作be encouraged by受鼓励鼓舞He has won her confidence; she trusts him.他已得到她的信任，她相信他。It's a tragedy that one lacks confidence in himself.一个人如果缺乏自信心，那就是悲剧。We have full confidence that we shall succeed.我们完全有把握取得成功。have confidence in对信任19. trust vt.信任，信赖，盼望，希望，赊卖，热望，切望 n.( in) 信任，信赖 Don't put your trust in that man; he may trick you. 不要相信那个人，他会骗你的。 Don't trust him he's not telling the truth. 不要相信他，他说的不是真话。We trust him because we know he has never deceived anyone.我们信任他，因为我们知道他从来没有欺骗过任何人。Can I trust you to do this work well? 我可以信任你把这项工作做好吗？trust sb. with sth.把某事托付给某人去办20. eventually adv.最后，终于He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill. 他工作太卖力，最后自己病倒了。When it was eventually brought to shore, the fish was found to be over thirteen feet long.最后把它弄上岸时，发现这条鱼身长超过13英尺。21. policy n.政策, 方针It is the policy of the government to improve education. 改良教育是政府的政策。It's bad policy to smoke too much. 吸烟太多并非明智之举。It is my policy to pay all my bills without delay.还帐不拖延是我的原那么。22. dive vi.潜水，跳水，下潜，俯冲n.潜水，跳水，下潜，俯冲 He dived from the bridge and rescued the drowning child. 他从桥上跳到水中，救起那快要溺死的小孩。The swimmer dived into the swimming pool from the diving board.游泳运发动从跳板上潜入游泳池。He dived into an alley. 他突然跑进一条小巷消失了。 He dived into the doorway of a shop when he found out that he was followed closely.当他发现被跟踪时,他就闪进了一家商铺的门廊。The eagle dived down on the rabbit.那只雄鹰向兔子猛扑下来。Children always dive to the bottom of a subject.孩子们对问题总是追根究底的。The mercury dived to ten below zero.温度突然下降到零下10度。make a dive for向冲去take a dive突然下降，(市价)暴跌 dive in(头朝下)跳进水里；开始吃；猛吃dive into跳入；钻进；冲进23. shock n.打击，震动，冲突，休克，突击，乱蓬的头发vt.使震动，使休克，使受电击，震惊得vi.震动，吓人 That shock almost finished him.那一惊几乎把他吓死。 The two trains met and the shock broke the windows. 两列火车相碰，撞坏了窗户。It was a great shock for him when his wife died. 他妻子的死对他是一个沉重的打击。An electric shock can kill you. 电击可致人于死地。I was shocked when I heard about your accident. 当我听到你出事后我很震惊。I was very much shocked at the sight.这情景使我大为震惊。24. trick n.诡计，骗局，恶作剧，窍门，诀窍 vt.欺骗，哄骗 I can do magic tricks. 我会玩魔术。 expose all the tricks of the enemy揭露敌人的一切阴谋诡计to learn the tricks of the trade 学这行生意的诀窍 He got the money from me by a trick. 他用诡计骗走了我的钱。 The children played a trick on their teacher. He tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄骗我给了他钱。get learn the trick of it学会诀窍，知道做法play a trick on a sb.诈骗某人；开某人玩笑trick sb. into out of骗人去 骗取 The hunter followed the animal's tracks. 猎人追踪动物的足迹。 Following the track of an airplane on radar.用雷达跟踪飞机的航道。 an old wagon track through the mountains 一旧马车的道路穿过山区 track game through the forest 追踪猎物穿过森林 When, like a running grave, time tracks you down.时间象奔跑的坟墓，把你捕获。26. hunger n.饥饿，欲望，渴望 Hunger is the best sauce.(谚)饥者口中尽佳肴。 a hunger for kindness 渴望得到恩惠 There is hunger in all the places where the crop was spoilt by the flood.庄稼遭受水灾毁坏的地方都在闹饥荒。 an inner room 内室an inner tube 轮胎的内胎the inner feelings 内心的感情an inner circle核心集团the inner meaning of a poem 一首诗的深层含义28. thread n. 线，细丝，线索，思路，螺纹 pass a thread through the eye of a needle把线穿过针眼lose the thread of one's argument 论点有失条理a thread of water一条细流They threaded carefully along the narrow pass.他们沿着狭窄的小径小心翼翼地鱼贯而行。lose the thread (of)失去线索(指辩论讲话等) ，抓不住(论点等)the thread of life生命线，命脉；人的寿命虚拟语气 1概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态关系句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will。(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 非真实条件句 1时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的根本特点是时态退后。a. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型 ： 条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you.b. 表示与过去事实相反的假设。句型： 条件从句 主句过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.c. 表示对将来的假想句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句局部如果含有were, should或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be的过去时态一律用“were，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C。在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do，而不能说 Werent I to do. 特殊的虚拟语气词：should 1It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。句型：(1)suggestedIt is(2)importantthat+ (should) do(3) a pity(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strangea pity, a shame, no wonder(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.2在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示“建议或“坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意“暗示、说明、“坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 判断改错： 错You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong.3在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. wish的用法 1用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时be的过去式为 were 从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时had + 过去分词将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could +动词原形 I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2wish to do表达法。wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)比拟if only与only if only if表示“只有；if only那么表示“如果就好了。if only也可用于陈述语气。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.need “不必做和“本不该做 didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。. needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)典型例题 There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustn't have hurriedB. couldn't have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn't have hurried答案D。needn't have done意为“本不必，即已经做了某事，而实际上不必要。mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否认性推断应为couldn't have done, “不可能已经。 must not do 不可以用于一般现在时。一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比拟：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第