（整理版高中英语）高二英语虚拟语气和倒装句人教.doc

高二英语虚拟语气和倒装句人教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句二. 知识总结与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实包括过去，现在或将来完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，疑心，推测或懊悔。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1. 动词过去式2. had done 3. would/could/should/might do4. would/could/should/might have done 5. were一虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，懊悔或推测。句型结构：If +主语+had been/done.，主语+should/could/might/would + have done.1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might have made all different.2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped him.二虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were / 动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/would +do1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were to do, 主语+should/could/might/would +do If +主语+should do If +主语+动词过去式1If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.2If the little girl should take piano lessons, she would have less free time. 3If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。例句： Had I not helped him, he would have failed in business. Should I be free, I would come . Were she my daughter, I could suggest a different plan .注意：有时候，主，从句所描述的时间范围不一致，那么根据具体语境调整动词的形式。例句： If he had caught the train, he would be here by now. You would speak English well enough, if you had practiced every day.四虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用：1. 用在与without, but for, but, otherwise短语连用的句型中：例句：The ship would have sunk with all on board but for efforts of the captain.The rescue arrived in time, otherwise They would have been frozen to death.2. 用在Its time 句型中：Its time that 主语+动词过去式Its time that I went to school and picked up my daughter.3. 在句型as if /though+主语+动词过去式/were/had done 例句：He looked at me as if I were mad .“I wish people would find out the facts, she says, “ and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.It looks as if its going to rain.4. 用在If only 句型中：表示：要是该多好啊！1If only you hadnt told Jackie what I said, everything would have been all right.2If only you would listen to reason.5. 与“命令，建议，要求, 有必要/重要有关的名词性从句中的谓语动词结构：1主动结构：should do2被动结构：should be done；should可以省略 I suggest that he should come another day. The suggestion that the students should learn something practical is worth considering. I though it necessary that I should stay in the room till he came back.五情态动词should / ought to; could; neednt; would like to等+have done：表示“本来应该/能够/没必要/很愿意1. You could have told us earlier. 2. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week. 3. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.4. We need not have been in a hurry to catch the train.倒装句：倒装句是英语中常见的语法现象，他的使用一是出于语法结构的需要，再就是为了强调句中的某一局部。1当否认副词never; hardly; seldom; nor; neither; little; few; not; not only 在句首，后面接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。Never have I realized that water is so precious.Seldom have we seen such big melons.2Only+介词短语/状语从句，后面接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。 Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.3Not until +时间状语从句后面接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。 Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.4as / so / neither / nor 在句首表示另一个人或另一种情况也是如此。后面接助动词/be +主语的倒装语序。Without international cooperation, developing countries cannot prosper, nor will sustainable development be possible. A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.5在以here; there; now; out; in; up; down; away 或表示地点的介词短语为句首后面接完全倒装结构谓语+主语Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world. On a hill in front of them stood a great castle.6倒装句在结果状语从句；让步状语从句；时间状语从句中的使用： so / such .that.如此以致于将so / such.局部 置于句首：So loudly did he speak that people upstairs could hear him. 表示：“虽然 ：名词 / 形容词，副词 / 动词+as +主语+谓语 Cold as it was, we went out .Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning.Child as he is, he knew what was the right thing to do. 表示：“一就：No sooner had done than +陈述句过去时Hardly haddonewhen+陈述句过去时Hardly had she entered the house when she heard the dog barking.No sooner had we started lunch than the door bell rang.【典型例题】1. You didnt let me drive. If  we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A. drove; didnt getB. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt getD. had driven; wouldnt have got答案：D分析：此题考查虚拟条件句的运用。题干You didnt let me drive.告诉我们后面的条件句是一个与过去事实相反的假设，有懊悔，埋怨的意思。在这种条件句中主句用would have done， 从句用had done结构。2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will答案：B分析：此题考查虚拟条件句与倒装句的结合运用。句中时间状语tomorrow以及主句中的would说明该句是对明天天气情况的虚拟假设，表示将来的虚拟条件句的结构为If it should/ were to rain tomorrow。但是条件从句可以去掉连词if，从句用倒装句结构，即：Should it rain tomorrow.3. The captain kept calm in the terrible storm, otherwise the accident _.A. couldnt be preventedB. mustnt have preventedC. wouldnt have been preventedD. shouldnt prevent 答案：C分析：本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句。根据句义：船长在暴风雨中非常镇静，不然的话一场事故早就不可防止了。前半句描述了事实，而后半句那么与过去的事实相反，虽然这局部没有以条件从句的形式出现，但是其内容包含在由连词but; otherwise连接的陈述句中。 4. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken答案：C分析：此题考查as if 后从句中的虚拟语气的运用。As if/though后面的从句根据句子的语境可以表达为真实陈述，也可以是与现在或过去事实相反的虚拟陈述。本句描述的内容是与现在事实相反的虚拟陈述应当用一般过去时。5. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _ all the way here through the heavy snow.A. neednt have drivenB. cant have drivenC. mustnt have drivenD. shouldnt have driven答案：A分析：根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会？我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。 Neednt have done表示本来没必要。6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave答案：B分析：根据句意：我真的很担忧你，你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家已经发生了。Should have done正好表达了本句的意思。7. It is suggested that a doctor immediately.A. be sent for B. send forC. is sent for D. should send for 答案：A分析：It is suggested +that从句，从句中谓语动词用should do，或只用动词原形：a doctor与send for之间存在被动关系。8. Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?  I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care, neither. D. I dont care also答案：B分析：not在句首表示另一种情况也是如此，句子要进行局部倒装。Nor do I care“我也不在乎。9. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villages did realize D. didnt the villagers realize答案：A分析：not until放在句首时，句子要进行局部倒装。10. _ can you expect to get a pay rise.A. With hard work B. Although hard workC. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard答案：C分析：从谓语动词can you expect to可以看出，它使用了倒装句式，所以要选择能引导倒装的选项。“only+介词短语引导状语且位于句首时，句子进行局部倒装。【模拟试题】答题时间：60分钟一. 单项选择：1. The officer insisted that the young girl _ a thief and ordered she _ free.A. was not; be set B. should not be; be setC. was not; was to be set D. was not; set2. _ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leave B. If she leavesC. Were she to leave D. If she had left3. It already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its time ?A. we are going home B. we go homeC. we went home D. we can go home4. Had he worked harder, he the exams.A. must have got through B. would have got throughC. would get through D. could get through5. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If they were not6. Yesterday Jane walked away from the 'discussion Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said7. David has made great progress recently. and . A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have you D. She as he; so you have8. I finally got the job 1 dreamed about. Never in all my life happy. A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt9. _ can you expect to get a pay rise.A. With hard work B. Although hard workC. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard 10. So difficult it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English well.A. I have felt B. have I feltC. I did feel D. did I feel11. Only when the war was over _ to his hometown.A. did the young soldier returnB. the young soldier returnedC. returned the young soldierD. did return the young soldier二. 完形填空：As a child, I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost; these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.Maybe it was the strange 1 things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that 2 me so much. There was never total 3 , but a streetlight or passing car lights 4 clothes hanging over a chair take on the 5 of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my 6 , I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no 7 . A tiny sound in the floor would ,seem a hundred times louder than in the daylight. My 8 would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would 9 very still so that the "enemy" would not discover me.Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, 10 on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my homethat was no 11 . After school, 12 , when all the buses were 13 up along the street, I was afraid that Id get on the wrong one and be taken to some 14 neighborhood. On school or family trip to a park or a museum, I wouldnt 15 the leaders out of my sight.Perhaps one of the worst fears 16 all I had as a child was that of not being liked or 17 by others. Being popular was so important to me 18 , and the fear of not being liked was a 19 one.One of the processes of growing up is being able to 20 and overcome our fears. Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.1. A. wayB. timeC. placeD. reason2. A. woundedB. destroyedC. surprisedD. frightened3. A. quietnessB. darknessC. emptinessD. loneliness4. A. gotB. forcedC. madeD. caused5. A. spiritB. heightC. bodyD. shape6. A. eyesB. windowC. mouthD. door7. A. breathB. windC. airD. sound8. A. beliefB. feelingC. imaginationD. doubt9. A. layB. hidC. restD. lie10. A. especiallyB. simplyC. probablyD. directly11. A. discussionB. problemC. jokeD. matter12. A. thoughB. yetC. althoughD. still13. A. calledB. backedC. linedD. packed14. A. oldB. crowdedC. poorD. unfamiliar15. A. leaveB. letC. orderD. send16. A. aboveB. inC. ofD. at17. A. protectedB. guidedC. believedD. accepted18. A. thenB. thereC. onceD. anyway19. A. strictB. powerfulC. heavyD. right20. A. realizeB. rememberC. recognizeD. recover三. 阅读理解:AMy parents were in a huge argument, and I was really upset about it. I didnt know who I should talk with about how I was feeling. So I asked Mom to allow me to stay the night at my best friend's house. Though I knew I wouldnt tell her about my parents situation, I was looking forward to getting out of the house. I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went out in the neighborhood. Mom came to tell that I should stay with my grandpa until the power came back on.I was really disappointed because I felt that we did not have much to talk about. But I knew he would be frightened alone in the dark. I went to his room and told him that I'd stay with him until the power was restored. He was quite happy and said, “Great opportunity.“What is? I asked.“To talk, you and I, “he said “To hold a private little meeting about what were going to do with your mom and dad, and what we re going to do with ourselves now that were in the situation we are in. “But we cant do anything about it, Grandpa, I said, surprised, that here was someone with whom, I could share my feelings and someone who was in the same “boat as I was. And thats how the most unbelievable friendship between my grandfather and me started. Sitting there in the dark, we talked about our feelings and fears of lifefrom how fast things change, to how they sometimes dont change fast enough. That night, because the power went out, I found a new friend, with whom I could safely talk about all my fears and pains, whatever they may be.Suddenly, the lights all came back on. “Well, he said “I guess that means you'll want to go now. I really like our talk. I hope the power will go out every few nights!1. I wished to get out of the house because_.A. I was angry about my parents' quarrelB. I found nobody to share my feelings withC. I wanted to escape from the dark houseD. I planned to tell my friend about my trouble2. Grandpa was happy to see me because_.A. he could discuss the problem with meB. he had not seen me for a long timeC. he was afraid of darknessD. he felt quite lonely3. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The grandchild was eager to leave.B. They would have more chats.C. The lights would go out again D. It would no longer be dark.B“My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy, says a school-grade teacher in Saugus, California. “Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course. These young scientists are part of City Building Educational ProgramCBEP, a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading, writing and math skills, and more.The children dont just plan any city. They map and analyze分析the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in l00 years. With the aid of an architect建筑师who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and built models of their creations. “Designing buildings of the future gives children