（整理版高中英语）高三英语语法复习被动语态冀教.doc

高三英语语法复习：被动语态冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：语法复习：被动语态学习过程一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态的根本时态变化被动语态通常为八种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1am/is/are +done 过去分词 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here. 4was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.二、被动语态的特殊结构形式 1带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保存在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例1Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.2The teacher made me go out of the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom by the teacher.3We saw him play football on the playground. He was seen to play football on the playground5有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词，“动词副词等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例1The meeting is to be put off till Friday.2All the rubbish should be got rid of.3This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown. 4My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 5Such a thing has never been heard of before非谓语动词的被动语态v. +ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态一般时态和完成时态 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1. 英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语的特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。常用结构：动词表示主语的属性特征 + 副词 well /badly /easily /smoothly。 read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, eat, lock. 例 This kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态那么强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比拟：The door wont lock. 指门本身有毛病 The door wont be locked. 指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁是人的原因 2. 表示“发生、进行的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？ 3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义 。结构：表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.。 look ,sound ,feel ,smell ,taste, prove ,make 例Your reason sounds reasonable.四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1. 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例The house needs repairingto be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading. The picture-book is very worthy to be read. 3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。 试比拟：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语说明you不是post动作的执行者。 4. 在某些“形容词不定式做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 例This problem is difficult to work out .可看作to work out省略了for me. 5. 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 例This book is too expensive for me to buy. 6. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。 例There is no time to loseto be lost. 用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。 7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,以下动词rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?五、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分方法如下： 1. 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否那么为系表结构。 例The glass is broken. 系表结构 The glass was broken by the boy. 被动语态 2. 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例The door is locked. 系表结构The door has already/just been locked. 被动语态 3. 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。 例 The machine is being repaired. 六、被动语态与高考试题赏析 1. 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析 1In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. NMET1993A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. served解析：B 因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。 2This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.NMETA. killedB. is killedC. was killed D. was killing解析：Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。 3 Have you moved into the new house? Not yet, the rooms _. NMET1991 A. are being paintedB. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting解析：A “house和“paint应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。4 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. 春A. are not decidedB. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided解析：D decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。5The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.春A. was bookedB. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked解析：B 句中tickets是book订票的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。 2. 高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。1Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. NMETA. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen解析：B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see，表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行这件事，这件事有待于“被决定，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。2While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. 1996A. to persuadedB. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuaded解析：C cant help doing “禁不住做某事，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。3I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame解析：A feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame， to let等。3. Correct the mistakes in each sentence if any:1Two boys hurt while playing a ball. were hurt2The singer lived in London until he was sending to university.was sent3How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?will last4A fire was broken out last night. broke out5He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before. had been damaged6The large building that is now built will be a hospital. is now being built7Class is begun at 7:30 every day. begins8His plan is sounded good. sounds9Your coat needs being washed. to be washed / washing 【模拟试题】 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner. A. are not kept；will have toB. are not kept；haveC. do not keep；will have toD. do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed 3. _ the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been toldB. Ive toldC. Im toldD. I told 4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completedB. completesC. has been completedD. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cutB. are cutC. are being cutD. had been cut 6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designedD. would be designed 7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaksB. has brokenC. was brokenD. had been broken 8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costedB. costedC. is costedD. cost 10. Look! Everything here is under construction. Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being builtB. has been builtC. is builtD. is building 11. Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt 12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese. A. writeB. to writeC. to be writtenD. written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you. A. to typeB. typingC. to be typedD. typed 14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash outB. wont be washed outC. isnt washed outD. isnt washing out 15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put upB. give inC. be turned onD. go out 16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongsB. are belonged toC. belongs toD. belong to 17. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to readB. to be readC. readingD. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch 19. This page needed _ again.A. being checkedB. checkedC. to checkD. to be checked 20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taughtB. Having been taughtC. taughtD. Teaching21. The books _ well. A. were sold B. sellC. have sold D. are being sold22. The soup _ nice. A. has tasted B. was tastedC. tastes D. is tasted23. The shop _ at 6 p.m. every day.A. closed B. closeC. is closing D. closes24.The dress needs_ wash25. The book is worth _ read .26. We found it easy _ learn . 27. The article is difficult_ understand.28. Black people had no right_ vote29. I have a lot of homework _do. 30. There are many jobs_do. 【试题答案】15 ACADC610 BCBDA1115 CBCAD1620 DCCDB2123 BCD 24. washing/ to be washed 25. reading26. to learn27. to understand28. to vote29. to do30. to do