高考英语复习_阅读理解示范课(经典突破_().ppt

阅读理解示范课课件（一）阅读总量不少于1000个单词，设问共20个小题，总用词量逐年增加，阅读速度每分钟至少要50个以上单词，而且理解准确率应在80%以上。（二）题材尽量多样化，包括日常生活、轶事传说、广告通知、报道、社会文化、史地、经济等。不同题材的文章应有不同的侧重点。天文史地、科普常识类，要留心事实和细节；人物传记、历史故事、幽默小品类，要领会文章的主题、写作意图、人物性格和特征等；社会文化教育、政治经济类要注意观点和结论；风土人情、日常生活，要留意（西方）文化与习俗等；新闻报道广告海报类，要注意其独特的写作手法、事情的起因、经过、涉及的人物具体数字及作者的态度。（三）体裁尽量避免单一化。因此我们务必熟悉文体格式，熟读并背诵一些范文，千方百计增加对语言经验的积累。（一）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节;（二）既要理解具体的事实，也要理解抽象的概念;（三）既要理解字面意思，也要理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度、意图等;（四）既要理解某句、某段的意义，也要理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断;（五）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。（一）细节推理题）细节推理题 一般针对某个特定细节而提出，难度较小，属浅层理解，通读短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。解题方法：解题方法： 1通读全文，领悟大意，理解文章结构层次及细 节，特别注意以下几个方面：五个W(Who, where, when, which)和一个H(how)以及其他特殊之处；数字、日期、时间等；同位语、破折号、括号、省略号等；表示附加说明的词，如：by the way, besides, whats more, in addition to, including to, as well as等。倒装句及加强语气的词，如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed等。 2选用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。 The cold is the most common of mans ailments. Yet it stumped the medical authorities. Many of more terrible diseases have come under the control of modern man as the result of the knowledge gained in the lab of science research. Investigators have thought that the cold is usually caused by a virus. However, no method of studying this virus has been devised. The chimpanzee is the only animal to which the disease can be given experimentally. The use of this animal is limited by its cost and by the fact that so many of the animals die of pneumonia during the experiments. This leaves for all practical purposes only human volunteers to be used in research projects. Many inmetes of prisons have helped in this work, but because of these limitations, research into the cause and cure of cold has progressed very slowly. Research into the cause and cure of colds has _. A. gone ahead very slowly B. gone ahead very quickly C. been very common D. been impossible 要求正确理解短文中一些关健词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。1透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定含义。 2 要熟悉常见的设问形式：1) The underlined word in the paragraph refers to /means _.2) What does “_” in paragraph stand for /mean?3) “_” could best be replaced by which of the following?4) The expression /phrase “_” means _.5) The word “_” is closest in meaning to _.(二)词句理解题解题方法1. When everyone agrees on a decision, the decision is unanimous. A. 无效的 B. 一致通过的 C. 匿名的 D.有价值的2. A food that contains good and healthy things is nutritious. A. 有营养的 B.鼓励的 C.珍贵的 D.稀少的3. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero. A.英雄 B.主角 C.偶像 D.象征三推理判断题主要对短文的结论、隐含意义（寓意）、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作的思路及目的等进行考查， 纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述事实，进行正确的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目的动机和性格特征、作者的倾向态度、语言中的语态和语气等。有时还可能会假设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提及情况进行推理和想象，对题目中提出各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息或作者意图的最佳答案。解题方法1读懂原文，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系， 并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，仔细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。2要熟悉常见的设问方式： 1) We can we infer /conclude from the passage that _. 2) It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that _. 3) The passage /story /author /paragraph implies, but does not directly state that _. 4) The authors /writers attitude towards is _. 5) What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story? Never before in history have people been so aware of what is going on in the world. Television, newspapers, radio keep us continually informed and stimulated our interest. The sociologists interest in the world around him is intense, for society is his field of study. As an analyst, he must be well acquainted with a broad range of happenings and must understand basic social processes. He wants to now what makes the social what it is, how it is organized, why it changes in the way that it does. Such knowledge is valuable not only for those who make great decisions, but also for you, since this is the world in which you live and make your way.The passage chiefly concerns _. A. the work of a sociologist B. the new media C. modern society D. decision-makers(四)归纳概括题此类题主要针对的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段）、作者的写作目的(purpose)等方面，要求考生在准确理解全文后归纳短文要点、概括中心思想，也分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。 解题方法1领会全文大意，灵活运用概念、判断、归纳、推理 等逻辑方法，真正理解文章的话题和中心思想。一般而言，英语文章的话题往往用很少几个词加以概括，通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上；不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特点是新闻报道，第一段通常是故事的梗概(lead paragraph)，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想，但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中；英语文章讲究使用主题句和主题段。主题段通常在文章简要概括文章中心思想，而主题句(topic sentence)常在一段的开头，也有可能在段中或段末。其作用是交待该段的中心意思，段与段之间常有词语连接，承上启下，使文章连贯。要准确地理解一篇文章必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住文章的脉络，即句与句之间，段落与段落之间逻辑关系。 1) What I the main subject /the best title of the passage? 2) Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3) The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage is _. 4) From the passage we know that _. 5) The main idea of this passage is _. 6) The passage is mainly about _. 7) Choose the best title for the passage.五图表理解题图示理解题中地图的一般坐标方位是“上北下南，左西右东”（特别标明方位的除外）。有时根据文章内 容提供一幅或多幅图（地图、示意图或其它图形），要求考生正确判断和选择符合原文内容的图示。解题方法1先看问题和图示再读原文，要以原文提供的事实、逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，使自己的思维模式与作者写作时的思维模式相吻合（词、短语或句子），分析其中的细节，找出符合图示所要求的必要条件： 1) Which of the following maps gives the right position of ? 2) Which of the following diagrams /pictures /figures shows the correct relationship between A.B and C? 3) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what is /looks like? A U.S. Couple have succeeded in a 55-meter fall over Horseshoe Falls in a barrel(木桶) with only slight hurts. Horseshoe Falls is the Canadian part of Niagara Falls. Steven Trotter of Florida and Lori Martin of Atlanta treated at a hospital for small hurts after dropping over the falls as a Fathers Day show. Police took an hour to free the barrel wrapped with bulletproof (防弹的) material and covered in thick plastics, from rocks at the base of the fall. Which of the following gives the correct relationship between Canada, Niagara Falls and Horseshoe Falls?ABC MHCNHCNHCHNCD 1. 先看问题，再读文章：带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和用户服务，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。 2. 细读全文，认真推敲：针对题目的要求，细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词，它们既是检查的重点，也是把握全文意思的突破口。因此必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答案。 3. 复读全文，验证答案：在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否贯通，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。1所选有据，避免主观阅读他人作品，理解他人的意图，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈，自以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，正好走进实的陷井。若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题多半会错。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”2符合原文的答案正确答案最佳答案阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对，但从全文来看则不是最佳的。因此，必须通盘考虑，取主题，舍枝节。3解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。