2022年非谓语动词常用的解题技巧 .pdf
读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思非谓语动词常用的解题技巧（一）综观历年高考英语非谓语动词考题，其考点主要不外乎以下四类：一是要求考生确定该用何种非谓语动词（不定式？动名词？现在分词？过去分词？）；二是要求考生确定非谓语动词用什么时态 （一般式？进行式？完成式？）； 三是要求考生确定非谓语动词用什么语态（主动式？被动式？）；四是在考查其他知识点时用非谓语动词选项作干扰，要求考生能准确识别。下面我们分别就这四类考点的应对技巧作一归纳，希望对同学们的复习有所帮助。一、确定非谓语动词形式的技巧1. 根据语法特点确定英语语法对非谓语动词的具体使用有许多“规则”，其中最基本、最简单，同时也是最常考的一条是：介词后通常要用动名词，不用不定式。这一点虽然看似简单，但许多容易忽略，尤其是当介词与所考查的动名词被其他成分所隔开时，更是容易被忽略。如：例 1 One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. (北京卷 ) A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting 解析：答案为D 。making mistakes 和 correcting them 为两个并列的动名词，用作介词by 的宾语，所以应采用相同的形式。又如：When you are cooking it s best to clear up as you go, instead of leaving everything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal with. 烹调时，最好是边干边收拾，而不要把活留到最后而剩下一大堆东西要打扫收拾。例 2 Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. (福建卷 ) A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized 解析：答案为A。介词from 后接有两个并列成分作宾语，一个是his parents，另一个是精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思realizing that。句意为：一方面来自父母的压力，另一方面自己也意识到已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定不再玩电子游戏了。又如：After looking up their number in the phone book and making sure l had got it right, I phoned again. 我查了电话簿，确信电话号码无误之后，我又打了电话。2. 根据搭配习惯确定英语中有许多需要与特定非谓语动词搭配的表达，如有些动词只接不定式作宾语，而有些动词则只接动名词作宾语；有些动词可接不定式的复合结构作宾语，而有些动词却不能接不定式的复合结构作宾语； 有些固定搭配习惯上只允许与不定式搭配，有些固定搭配习惯上只允许与现在分词搭配，还有些固定搭配则习惯上只允许与过去分词搭配；等等所有这些都有可能成为高考的考点，所以记住这些搭配习惯对做题至关重要。如：例 1 I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. ( 安徽卷 ) A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 解析：答案为B。remember 后接不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语均可，但意思不同：后接不定式表示记住要做某事，后接动名词表示记住做过的事情。根据句意，选B 最合适。句意为：我在离开办公室前记住了要锁门，但忘记了要关灯。又如：Please remember to water the plants while I m away. 我不在时，请记住浇花。例 2 Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students. (江西卷 ) A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思spoken 解析：答案为C。考查invite sb to do sth 句式，但试题中用的是invite 的被动式。又如：Don t forget we re invited to the Jones for drinks on Sunday. 别忘了我们受邀请到琼斯家参加星期日的酒会。例 3 If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge. (陕西卷 ) A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet 解析：答案为D 。have no choice but to do sth 为英语固定句式，意为“除了做某事外别无选择；只好做某事”，其中的不定式不可改为其他形式。又如：For the above reasons, the management has no choice but to close the factory. 基于上述原因，管理层没有办法，只好关闭工厂。例 4 As Jack left his membership card at home, he was n t allowed _ into the sports club. (上海卷 ) A. going B. to go C. go D. gone 解析：答案为B。考查 allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事）句式，此题属该句式的被动式，表示“被允许做某事”。又如：Exam candidates are not allowed to use advanced calculators with database capability. 考生不得使用有数据库功能的高级计算器。例 5 When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. (上海卷 ) A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of 解析：答案为 A。考查have trouble doing sth（做某事有困难）的用法， 其中的doing sth 习惯上不能改为不定式或过去分词，但可在doing sth 前加上介词in （加上介词in 后， doing 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思为 动 名 词 ） 。 又 如 ： No, I don t know his number I have quite enough trouble remembering my own. 不，我不知道他的号码，我光记自己的号码就够困难的了。3. 根据句子语境确定例 1 Tony lent me the money, _ that I d do as much for him. (全国卷 II) A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped 解析：答案为A。根据句子语境以及选项动词hope的意思可知，空格处所填之词在此表伴随，而英语中表示伴随的非谓语动词通常就是现在分词，故选 hoping。 句意为： 托尼把钱借给了我，希望我能尽力为他工作。又如：She rushed past the policeman, hoping he wouldn t ask what she had in her suitcase. 她赶紧从警察身边走过去，希望他不会问起手提箱里有什么。例 2 He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched. (天津卷 ) A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left 解析：答案为C。根据句子语境以及选项动词leave的意思可知，空格处所填之词在此表结果，而英语中表示结果的非谓语动词通常就是现在分词，故选leaving。又如： A man rushed past and jogged her elbow, making her drop the bag. 一个男人从她身边匆匆走过，轻轻碰了一下她的肘部，结果她的袋子掉了。例 3 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky. (四川卷 ) A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found 解析：答案为B。根据句子语境以及选项动词find的意思可知，空格处所填之词在此表结果，而且是表示令人感到意外的结果（尤其注意空格前的副词only ） 。根据英语语法，表示意外的结精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思果，通常用only to do sth，故选 B。又如： He raced through the living room, only to find the front door closed. 他飞快地跑过起居室，却发现前门锁上了。二、确定非谓语动词时态的技巧确定非谓语动词时态方法很简单，那就是看非谓语动词所表示的动作是发生在谓语动词之前还是之后若发生在谓语动词之前，则非谓语动词用完成式；否则，就用一般式。如：_ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (重庆卷 ) A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked 解析：答案为A。从时间上看，显然“被要求加班”在“错过看电影”之前，故非谓语动词要用完成式，据此可排除B 和 D ；又因为动词ask 与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动意义的选项C。 句意为：由于那天晚上我被要求加班，所以我错过了一场很好的电影。又如： Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another. 自己当老板已经这么久了，他觉得难以听从别人的差遣。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页
