高二下学期英语人教新课标选修八Unit5TravellingabroadGrammar.pptx
Unit 5 Meeting Your AncestorsLesson Four Grammar TheThe Present Perfect Continuous TensePresent Perfect Continuous Tense Learning objectives To discover the form of the Present Perfect Continuous TenseTo observe the meaning of the Present Perfect Continuous TenseTo understand the two main uses of the Present Perfect Continuous TenseA Guessing Game: Who is he/she? A person. He/she went to the university to obtain a degree to work as a professional. He/she gets up early every day and works late into the night. At work, he/she sometimes talks in English. He/she has been giving online classes since mid-February. xploringlanguage featuresEA. Observing and deducing form Look at the sentences found in Reading I: We have been excavating here for many years and (Line 6-7) We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick, (Line 15) We have been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, . (Line 20)Discovering the form: = have / has + been + v-ing TB P. 41 EX.21. Sam has just finished learning to fly an airplane in a six-month course. (how long) How long have you been learning to fly an airplane, Sam?3. The nurses in the kindergarten have been busy looking after the sick children all day. (what) What have the nurses in the kindergarten been busy doing all day?7. The poor girl has been collecting seashells to make a living. (why) Why has the poor girl been collecting seashells?xploringlanguage featuresEB. Mastering the formTB P. 95unfinished past or present resultxploringlanguage featuresEB. Observing the meaning Look at the sentences found in Reading I: We have been excavating here for many years and (Line 6-7) We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick, (Line 15) We have been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, . (Line 20)By definition Relate past actions to the present现在某个时间点过去将来I lived in Shaoguan. (But not any more.)I have lived in Shaoguan, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. (I know all these cities now.)I have been living in Guangzhou for 20 years. (And Im living here now.)xploringlanguage featuresEB. Observing and comparing meaningsnderstandingthe useU Compare the use of the Present Perfect Continuous and the Present Perfect: The guests have been leaving since about 9 oclock. The guests have left they are at the airport now. I have been reading a great book. Ill lend it to you when Ive finished. I have read that book. Its good. I have been reading a lot about Dr. Sun Yat-sen recently. I have just finished his biography.Two main uses: 1. 动作刚刚结束使用规则1：现在完成时更强调动作的完成；现在完成进行时强调动作 在过去的一段时期内反复出现。nderstandingthe useUWe have decided to get married. 我们决定了要结婚。I have cut my finger. 我切伤了我的手指。Two main uses: 1. 动作刚刚结束使用规则2：短暂性动词，如start, find, lose, begin, stop, break, die, decide, cut等，更常用于现在完成时强调目前的结果。nderstandingthe useU I have bumped into Mary 4 times this week. He has played for the national team in 40 matches so far.Two main uses: 1. 动作刚刚结束使用规则3：如果句子中提及了动作重复出现的次数，则一般不用现在完 成进行时，而是使用现在完成时。1.Ive swum 2.Ive been swimminga. and I feel exhausted.b.50 lengths of the pool.1.Weve stayed 2.Weve been staying a. at this hotel a couple of times before.b.at a small hotel near the sea.Complete the sentences to describe the information in the graph. 1. Birth rate _ (fall)since _. 2. Car output _ (grow)from _ to_ today.3. The number of deathsfrom traffic accidents_ (rise)since _. 4. Production of wool_ (drop)by _since _. hasbeen falling/has fallen1990hasgrown$2 billion$6 billionhas been rising/has risen1950has dropped$1 million1985ractising the GrammarPTwo main uses: 2. 动作可能还要进行下去I have played tennis since I was a kid.I have been playing tennis since I was a kid.当表达过去的动作持续到现在还未完成，现在完成时和现在完成进行时常可互换。使用规则1: 表示状态的动词一般不使用现在完成进行时。比如：I have known Anny for years. *Ive been knowingHow long have you had that car? *have you been havingI have never understood why he likes her. *Ive never been understandingnderstandingthe useUnderstandingthe useU对比：I have been living with a host family for 6 weeks.The castle has stood on the hill overlooking the sea for centuries.使用规则2：延续性动词，如work, live, play等，若动作从过去开始、到 现在还未完成，用于现在完成进行时，有时带有“暂时” 的意味。Two main uses: 2. 动作可能还要进行下去nderstandingthe useU In the following situation, the Present Perfect Continuous is preferred：使用规则3：有些动词本身含有“持续”的含义，比如wait, rain, snow, learn(学习), sit, lie(坐落), play, stay 等，它们常常用于现在完 成进行时，表达过去开始的动作到现在还在进行。It has been raining all day. 雨下了一整天。(雨还在下)She has been learning for hours. 她已经学习了数小时了。(还在学) Two main uses: 2. 动作可能还要进行下去 Complete the following sentences using either the present perfect continuous or the present perfect, or both. Explain why.1. It _(rain) heavily since this morning. 2. Im pleased to say that the basketball team _(play) well all season. 3. I _never _(understand) why we have to pay so much tax.4. I _(not read) any of Austins novels.5. In recent years, companies _(put) a lot of money into developing advanced technology. ractising the GrammarPhas been raining/ has rainedhave been playing/ have playedunderstoodhavehavent readhave been putting/ have put使用规则3：有些动词本身含有“持续”的含义，比如wait, rain, snow, learn(学习), sit, lie(坐落), play, stay 等，它们常常用于现在完 成进行时，表达过去开始的动作到现在还在进行。使用规则1: 表示状态的动词一般不使用现在完成进行时。比如：Ive known Anny for years. *Ive been knowingHow long have you had that car? *have you been havingIve never understood why he likes her. *Ive never been understanding使用规则3：如果句子中提及了动作重复出现的次数，则一般不用现在完 成进行时，而是使用现在完成时。使用规则2：短暂性动词，如start, find, lose, begin, stop, break, die, decide, cut等，更常用于现在完成时强调目前的结果。 Fill in the blanks with the verbs given. We _(discover) fireplaces in the center of the caves where they made fires. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well. We _(excavate) layers of ash almost 6 meters thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. We _(not find) any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter. We _(find) the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these _(be) their most dangerous enemies.have discoveredhave been excavatinghavent foundhave been finding/have found were A choice of grammar1. 动作刚刚结束使用规则1：现在完成时更强调动作的完成；现在完成进行时 强调动作在过去的一段时期内反复出现。使用规则2：短暂性动词，如start, find, lose, begin, stop, break, die, decide, cut等，更常用于现在完成时强调目前的结果。使用规则3：如果句子中提及了动作重复出现的次数，则一般不用 现在完成进行时，而是使用现在完成时。 A choice of grammar2. 动作可能还要进行下去使用规则1：现在完成时和现在完成进行时常可互换，但表状态类的 动词很少用现在完成进行时。使用规则2：延续性动词，如work, live, play等，若动作从过去开始、到 现在还未完成，用于现在完成进行时，有时带有“暂时” 的意味。使用规则3：有些动词本身含有“持续”的含义，比如wait, rain, snow, learn(学习), sit, lie(坐落), play, stay 等，它们常常用于现 在完成进行时，表达过去开始的动作到现在还在进行。A Surprise Dinner Situation: Mums birthday is coming. You and Dad are preparing a surprise dinner for her, when suddenly there is a knock at the kitchen door. Its mom! You two dont want her to find out about it. Mum is very suspicious (怀疑的) and asks lots of questions. In pairs, roleplay the conversation, using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense when necessary.pplying the GrammarA Your conversation begins with these sentences: Mum: What have you been doing in the kitchen? You: Mum: But why have you been cooking? You: Er Because . Mum: And why have you bought so many flowers? You: A Surprise Dinnerpplying the GrammarAPAspectsSelf-evaluationPeer-evaluation1. Are the tenses in the conversation all correct?2. Does the conversation include at least 2 turns?3. Are the questions and answers meaningful and appropriate?4. Is the information interesting?Yes NoYes NoYes NoYes NoYes NoYes NoYes NoYes NoHomework1. The role play task.2. TB P. 41 EX.4: Choose a classmate in your class. Describe: what he/she likes to do in daily life, where he/she lives, what he/she did, what he/she has done or has been doing, what you think he/she will do after graduating from school. In the next period, you will read your descriptions to your group or the class to see if they can identify the person.
