2022年高中英语完形填空解题技巧与指导总结 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载高考英语完形填空应试技巧与指导总结讲座求精学校高中组周杰一 阅读技能与试题设计1 理解主旨大意；2 寻读具体信息；3 理解细节；4 根据上下文提供语境推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解；5 简单的判断和推理；6 理解文段的基本逻辑结构；7 理解作者的意图和态度；8 理解文段的文化信息。二 完形填空解题技巧（一）前后呼应法做完形填空时，要始终抓住文章本身，联系“ 双语境 ” 来判断，既大语境 全文中心和基调，小语境 空格前后句子所构成的语境；再根据前有伏笔后有呼应的思路来做题。如：第 21 题 B，根据后面作者所回忆的事情来判断，他的父亲带给他的应是爱与欢乐，所以选 B:joy ，而其他选项都没有给出相应的事情来呼应。第 22 题 D, 由这一段的最后一句“he loved to fish;”及第三段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did.”可知父亲喜欢水及一些水上活动。因此第23 题也就能很快找到正确答案是A: boat。第 30 题 B， 由后面两句可得知父亲会在休息时过来看“ 我” ， 特别后面提到 “My father would stand there in his suit, ” 同样这儿用would更合理。第 32 题 D ，这一段是讲作者在游泳后到他父亲的办公室里玩耍。与后面的“sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk”相呼应。第 33 题 C，与 35 题所在的句子“ - perhaps I shouldnt be playing with his _35_.”相呼应，因此 35 题的答案也能从33 题“ - where he let me _33_anything I found in his top desk drawer.”中推断出是C。第 38 题 C，由文章大意可知道父亲应是十分爱“ 我” 的，所以有时还会给“ 我” 钱买冰淇淋吃。这是与文章的大语境相呼应的。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页学习好资料欢迎下载第 39 题 A，作者认为不仅是我们童年所看到的事物决定了我们的记忆，而且还包括那时关爱我们的人。所以诗人所说的“the rest”就应该是memory与下一句的 “determines our memories”相呼应。（二） But 转折法在完形填空题中，but 一词前后通常会设题。文中一出现but ，应该马上想到前后语意有转折，只要知道其中一方的语意，就可以推出另一方的意思，所以在做题时， 遇到类似but 的词，如： however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等，也可以同样处理，以便于从文中找到解题的依据。仍旧以 NMET 2008 （浙江卷）完形填空为例：第 25 题 D ，由这一段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, he way my father did”.及后面的 “ moving through it,”可知 “ I liked being in the water.”第 37 题 A, 当父亲的学生或助手认为“ 我” 不应该玩他办公室里的东西时，父亲却总是轻松地表示没有关系。所以第37 题答案很明显是A : fine。（三）绝对矛盾法绝对矛盾法是从选项着手分析，若四个选项中有两个选项是绝对矛盾和对立，那么正确选项大多在这两个对立项之间产生。二者必居其一.至于究竟是两者中的哪一个，则需要进一步根据上下文的语境来判断。例如在浙江省湖州中学教学讲义高一英语模块一、二（2008 ，9）第 120 页，完形填空第二段：Most computers have a memory(存储器 ). They can work millions of times _3_ than man. That means information can be put in _4_ and be taken out any time when needed. 第 3 题的选项分别是A.slow B. slower C. fast D. faster 据观察应选用比较级，所以先排除A 和 C，在根据后面的一句及我们的常识可知，电脑的工作效率要比人快，所以在B， D 这两个对立项中，自然就可以很轻松地把正确答案D 选出来了。又如第 90 页的完形填空：The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage in 1987. Just _1_ a dragon, it winds its way from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years. Some sections are now in ruins or even entirely_2_ . 第 2 题的选项分别是A.appeared B. missed C. went D. disappeared 显然 A 和 D 是对立项，根据题意可知长城的一些部分已经破败不堪，甚至完全消失，故答案就是D. disappeared 。高中学习丛书英语高一（Book1,2）第 101 页的完形填空中有一部分是这样的：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页学习好资料欢迎下载Jazz is America s contribution to _5_ music. Compared to classical music, which _6_ formal European traditions, jazz is a free form. 第 5 题的选项分别是A.classical B. scared C. popular D. light 其中 A 与 C 相对立，通过后一句“Compared to classical music,” 可知正确选项为C。（四）同义复现法同义复现是英语中常见的一种现象。为强调某一意思，但又不想重复使用某个词或短语。在完形填空题中，同义词或同义短语的位置多半比较靠近，很容易找到，所以同义复现法是很好的解题技巧。无须过多的推理，只需确定是哪里使用了同义复现，然后从选项中找出与之相符合的一项即可。如 2007学年第一学期期末考试样卷（湖州市）高一英语完形填空的第三段：That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his _45_ of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote his dream in great detail and _46_ drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch _47_ the locaion of everthing important there. 第 45 题的选项分别是A. mind B. chance C. goal D. design 正确答案C：goal 与下一句中的dream同义，并且结合上下文得出他写了37 页纸来描述他自己的目标，也就是他的梦想。高中学习丛书英语高一（Book1,2）第 82 页的完形填空最后一段：I was worried and I sank in my thoughts. I didn t even _19_ that the coffee was bad, _20_ Steven didn t notice there was a person next to him.第 19 题的选项分别为A. pretend B. understand C. insist D. realize 第 20 题的选项分别为A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though 第 20 题的正确选项为B. just as。由此可知第19 题的正确选项应与由“just as”引导的从句中的谓语动词 “notice ”同义，故选D. realize。三、例题：NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空所给的短文是以作者的父亲给他童年生活带来的爱与欢乐而展开的回忆与联想。试题原文如下：In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call _21_and love. I don t remember my father ever getting into a swimming tool. But he did _22_the water. Any kind of _23_ride seemed to give him pleasure. _24_he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页学习好资料欢迎下载But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being _25_the water, moving through it, _26_it all around me. I was not a strong _27_, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my _28_. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my father s office and _29_those summer days with my father, who _30_ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the _31_person not in swimsuit. After swimming, I would go _32_ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me _33_anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk _34_ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn t be playing with his _35_. But my father always _36_and said easily, “ Oh, no, it s _37_.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get _38_ an ice creamA poet once said, “ We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is _39_.” And I think it is not only what we “ look at once, in childhood” that determines our memories, but _40_, in that childhood, look at us. 21 A. desire B. joy C. anger D. Worry 22 A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love 23 A. boat B. bus C. train D. Bike 24 A. But B. Then C. And D. Still 25 A. on B. off C. by D. In 26 A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting 27 A. swimmer B. rider C. walker D. Runner 28 A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears 29 A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. Ruining 30 A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to 31 A. next B. only C. other D. Last 32 A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside 33 A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out 34 A. the moment B. the first time C. while D. before 35 A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment 36 A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out 37 A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny 38 A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself 39 A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice 40 A. which B. who C. what D. whose 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页学习好资料欢迎下载四 解题指导无论是哪种形式的阅读技能检测，只有在平时的课堂教学中扎实学生的语言基础，才使学生稳步提高用英语获取信息，处理信息，发现问题和解决问题的能力。无法想象一位词汇贫乏，语法不通，句子结构不清的学生能在完形填空题中得高分。所以作为教师的我们有义务从小处着手，从细节做起，逐渐地培养学生的解题能力。具体可以从以下几点做起：（一）词汇分类可以单元或模块为单位，把其中的近义词，反义词等归类，这样就能使学生在遇到有同义反复或绝对矛盾题型时， 更快地找到正确的答案。如在 Book 1里就有这样一些近义词或词组：opinion, view; destroy, damage; as if, as though; be concerned about, care about; right away, at once 等。反义词或词组有：generous, mean; selfish, selfless; equal, unfair; be fond of, be tired of; think highly of, think little of等。（二）句子衔接注意句子和句子之间的衔接，可应用不同的连接词连接相同的两个句子，观察其产生的意义有何不同。在平时的阅读中也可以指导学生善于发现句子和句子或段落和段落之间的连接词，并适时对连接词进行总结和归类。例如：表示并列的有：and, too, whats more, in addition, as well as等；表示因果的有：beacause, since, so that, therefore, as a result等；表示转折或对比的有：while, however, on one handon the other hand等；表示总结的有：all in all, in a word, in conclusion等。明白了句子与句子之间的关系，学生就能更快地理解文章的主旨，也能从细节中更有把握地推断出一些有用的信息。（三）讲究策略做完形填空的速度不能太慢，一般要在8 分钟内完成，否则有可能会造成后面的试题来不及做。那些平时习惯于逐个单词阅读的学生，容易造成思维中断，不能快速把握文章的主旨，因此教师要帮助其纠正这种不良的阅读方法和习惯。良好的阅读习惯不仅要求学生快速把握文章大意，也要求其在阅读过程中注重细节，特别要正确把握反映作者观点和态度的细节。教师可以通过引导学生对反映细节的文字加以理解与概括，培养学生分析、概括、演绎和归纳的能力，从而达到既不忽视文章细节，又能正确把握文章中心思想的能力。有了良好的阅读技能，学生不仅能在做完形填空时游刃有余，而且还能从整体上提高英语考试的成绩。NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页