2014中考复习课件(专题九：动词的时态与语态).ppt

2014中考复习课件中考复习课件 专题九：动词专题九：动词的时态与语态的时态与语态 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 考点直击1动词的时态动词的时态 初中阶段应掌握的时态共八种，即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。 以do为例，常用的八种时态的构成及常与之连用的时间状语如下表所示：专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 时态 结构 常连用的时间状语一般现在时 do/doesoften, always, sometimes, usually等一般过去时 didyesterday, last year, just now, ago等一般将来时 am/is/are going to do 或 will/shall dotomorrow, next week, soon, in a month等专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 过去将来时was/were going to do 或 would dothe next day等现在进行时 am/is/are doingnow, these days等过去进行时was/were doingat this time yesterday, at that time, when引导的时间状语从句等现在完成时has/have donealready, yet, ever, never，so far, for three days, since two days ago等过去完成时 had donebefore, when引导的时间状语从句， by过去时间 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 2在常用的八种时态中，中考热点问题透析如下：在常用的八种时态中，中考热点问题透析如下：1条件状语从句： 在when, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从 句和if引导的条件状语从句中若主句为一般将来时，从句用 一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： Ill go to see him when I have time. 我有时间的话， 就去看他。 If he calls, tell him Ill ring back. 如果他来电话，告诉他我将给他回电话。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 2非延续性动词come, go, leave, start, finish等需用其进行时 表达将来之意。如： I am leaving for Japan tomorrow.明天我要去日本。3“be going to动词原形”也可表示根据已有迹象，可能要 发生的情况。如： Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. 看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。4在现在完成时的句子中，如果有持续的时间状语，要把非 延续性动词变为延续性动词。如： I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had，而不用bought)专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 5在由if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句用过去将来时 态，if从句需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如： Amy said that she would go shopping if it didnt rain the next day. 艾米说过如果第二天不下雨，她就去购物。6have been to 和have gone to的区别 两者后均可接地点，前者表示“去过某地(已经回来)”，通 常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示“到某地去了(还未 回来)”，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。如： He has gone to Paris.他去巴黎了。 He has been to Paris three times.他去过巴黎三次。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 3动词的语态动词的语态 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。 常用的五种被动语态结构及示例如下表所示：专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 时态结构示例一般现在时am/is/are过去分词 All these things are made by machines.一般过去时was/were过去分词This book was written by Lu Xun.一般将来时will be/is/are going to be过去分词The cars will be sent abroad by sea.现在完成时has/have been 过去分词All the postcards have been sent out.含情态动词情态动词be 过去分词The flowers must be watered every day.专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 4谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况1表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语： happen, last, take place, break out, come out，come true, run out, give out等以主动形式表示被动意义。如： The meeting took place in a beautiful city. 会议在一个美丽的城市举行。 A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 2一些特殊动词： 英语中有很多动词，如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们 被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表 达被动意义，主语通常是物。且该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用。如： This kind of computers sells well. 这种电脑很畅销。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 3感官动词： 系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受的感官 动词，如 feel, sound, taste, feel等在主系表结构中常以主 动形式表示被动意义。如： Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 提醒提醒当使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, find, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面接不定式作宾语补足语时， 在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时要补出 to。如： Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被动语态： A stranger was seen to walk into the building.专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 考点过关 基础过关基础过关 . 根据汉语提示完成句子1He is tall and strong now. But you cant imagine he _ (重) only 2 kilos at birth.2Kids arent_ (允许) to go out at night, because its dangerous for them. 3The ancient Chinese_ (发明) tea that is now very popular all over the world. 4Could you_(邮寄) the books for me on your way to school, Amy?weighed allowed invented post 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 5Sorry, I have lost the dictionary you _(借出) me last week.6Its not reasonable to_ (浪费)too much time on video games.7I cannot_ (许诺) you anything at this moment, but I will try my best.8The cat was_(卧)fast asleep by the fire.9He borrowed my iPhone 4s and hasnt_(归还) it to me.10Unluckily, the recent floods _(摧毁)many farm houses in the south.lent waste promise lying returned destroyed 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 .用所给词的适当形式填空1It is said that some people _ (send) to Mars in a few years.2Every student in our class was at the meeting except you. Why? Sorry, sir. Ms Wang _ (explain) a Maths problem to me.3My father _ (work) in a factory for five years. But now he is a teacher.4When I got to school yesterday morning, it _ (rain) hard.5Is everyone here? No, sir. Jim_ (not arrive) yet. He is still on the way.will be sent was explaining worked was raining hasnt arrived 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 6Dont worry about your boy too much. His temperature _ (drop) back to normal if he takes this medicine.7Did the old soldiers from Taiwan enjoy the welcome party last Friday? Yes. They were so excited to see their friends again. Most of them _ (not see) each other since 1949.8The old computer_ (break) down easily, so I had to restart it again and again.9The people in the earthquake area _(provide) with food and medicine from all over the world last week.10Wheres Miss Wang? Look! She_ (talk) with the students.will drop havent seen broke were provided is talking 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 中考透视中考透视 ()1. 2013内江内江 Though he _ the book three times, he hopes to read it again. A. read B. reads C. has read D. would read()2. 2013青岛青岛 The astronaut is so tired that he _ for eleven hours. A. has been asleep B. has fallen asleep C. has gone to bed D. has gone to sleepC A 解析解析根据“three times”可知“他把这本书读了三遍”，所以要用过去完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，所以选C。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()3. 2013菏泽菏泽 Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone. Im sorry. I _ football with my friends then. A. play B. played C. am playing D. was playing()4. 2013丽水丽水 Which team do you think _ the game? Hard to say. There are still ten minutes before it ends. A. won Bhas won Cwill win D. winsDC解析解析句意：“琳达，今天早晨我给你打电话了，但是没有人接。”“真抱歉，那时我在跟朋友们一起踢足球。”表示过去某个时候正在进行的动作用过去进行时，结构为“主语was/weredoing”。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()5. 2013安徽安徽 I cant find David. Where is he? He _ for tomorrows competition at home. A. prepares B. is preparing C. has prepared D. prepared ()6. 2013泰安泰安 Do you know whether David will go cycling or not tomorrow? David? Never! He _ outdoor activities. A. hates B. hated C. is hating D. has hated BA专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()7. 2013青岛青岛 The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it _. A. is played B. plays C. will be played D. will play()8. 2013河南河南 Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for _ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be soldAB专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()9. 2013安徽安徽 Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. A. can be learned B. has been learned C. can learn D. has learned ()10. 2013内江内江 Many buildings in Lushan _ in the earthquake on April 20th. It will surely be reconstructed(重建) more beautifully. A. have destroyed B. are destroyed C. were destroyed D. are destroyingAC解析解析根据时间状语“on April 20th”可知要用过去时； 主语buildings 是动作的承受者，要用被动语态，所以要用过去时态的被动语态，所以选C。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()1. 2013威海威海 Alice, would you mind not playing the guitar? I _ on the phone. Oh, sorry, mom. Atalked Btalk Cwas talking Dam talking D 语法专练 解析解析句意：“爱丽丝，请不要在这儿弹吉他，好吗？我在接电话。”“哦，对不起，妈妈。”根据句意可推知爱丽丝的妈妈正在接电话，所以句子用现在进行时。故选D。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()2. Did you see Tom at the party? No, he _ by the time I got there. Aleft Bwas leaving Chad left D. has left()3. When will you tell him the good news? I will tell him as soon as he _ back. Acomes Bcame Cwill come D. is comingCA专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()4. Can your brother make model planes? Yes, this week he _ a new one. Amakes Bwould make Chad made Dis making()5. Nobody noticed what the young man _ at that moment. Awill do Bwas doing Chas done Dhad doneDB 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()6. Has he returned the library book yet? Not yet. Dont worry. He _ it soon. Areturned Bhas returned Cwill return D. returns()7. You are late. The meeting _ for about ten minutes. Im sorry. The traffic is heavy. Ahas begun Bbegan Chas been on DbeginsC C 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()8. Where is your father, Leo? He is in Hainan on vacation. He _ for two weeks. Ahas been away Bhas left Chas gone D. left()9. _ you _ to the radio? No, you can turn it off. ADid; listen BHave; listened CDo; listen DAre; listeningA D 解析解析答语是“你可以关上(收音机)”，由此可见问话人是问对方“是否在听收音机”，故应用现在进行时。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()10. Where were you in July last year? This time last year my family and I _ my grandparents in New York. Awas visiting Bvisited Chad visited Dwere visiting()11. Why not go to see the dolphin show with me? Because I _ it. Asaw Bwill see Csee Dhave seenDD解析解析句中有时间状语“this time last year”，强调在过去某个时刻正进行的动作，应用过去进行时。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()12. Im sorry youve missed the train. It _ 10 minutes ago. Aleft Bhas left Chad left Dhas been left()13. Do you know Jack well? Certainly. We _ friends since ten years ago. Awere Bhave made Chave become Dhave beenAD解析解析 “10 minutes ago”是表示过去的时间状语，应用一般过去时。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()14. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. Ahas lent Bhas borrowed Chas bought Dhas had()15. How many times _ you _ to Beijing this year? Ahave; been Bhad; been Chave; gone Dhad; goneD 解析解析由句意可知应用完成时，谓语动词应用延续性动词。lend, borrow, buy均为非延续性动词，而have是延续性动词。 A 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()16. The shop was quite new, for it _ only the week before. Ahad opened Bwas opening Chas been open Dis opened()17. The train is leaving right now, but David hasnt arrived yet. Well, he said he _ here on time. Acame Bwill be Cwould come Dcan beAC专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()18. _ to the United States? No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago. AHave you been BHave you gone CDid you go DWill you go()19. Nice to see you. I _ you for a long time. I _ in Beijing. Ive just come back. Ahadnt seen; am B. havent seen; was Cdidnt see; will be D. havent seen; shall beA B 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()20. Hurry up! Its time to leave. OK. _. AIm coming BIll come CIve come DI come()21. Mr White came to our school in 2008, and since then he _ us English. Ateaches Btaught Chas taught Dwill teach()22. 2013天津天津 I saw him in the library yesterday. He _ a book at that moment. Areads Bis reading Cwas reading Dwill readA CC专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()23. 2013陕西陕西 When you _ at a restaurant, please order just enough food. Aate Bwill eat Ceat Dhave eaten()24. John likes playing soccer very much and he _ about one hour playing it every day. Aspent Bwill spend Chas spent DspendsC D解析解析由“likes”和后面“every day”可知用一般现在时。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()25. Jim isnt in the classroom. Where is he? He _ to the teachers office. Awill go Bhas gone Chad gone Dis goingB 解析解析由问句可知吉姆没在教室里，而是到老师办公室去了。“到某地去了”用“have/has gone to”。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()26. 2013宜昌宜昌 At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. Aoffer Bare offered Chave offered Dare offeringB 解析解析 “机会”和“提供”之间存在“被动”关系，须用被动语态。故选B。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()27. I wont come to the party unless Sue_， too. You mean if Sue comes youll come? Awill invite Binvites Cinvited Dis invitedD解析解析主句为一般将来时态时，unless引导的状语从句应用现在时表将来； 根据答句可以判断空处应用被动语态。故选D。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()28. A new shoe factory will _ in this part of the city. Abe building Bbe built Cbuild Dbe to buildB解析解析这是一般将来时的被动结构： will be 动词过去分词。故选B。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()29. Its time to do your homework, Jack. Yes, mum. Ill turn off the TV as soon as the programme _. Aends Bend Cwill be ended Dwill end()30. Cotton _ nice and soft. Ais felt Bis feeling Cfeel DfeelsA D解析解析 end在这里作不及物动词，用主动结构表示被动意义。同时as soon as 从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。故选A。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()31. It _ that they had no change with them at the moment. Aseemed Bwas seemed Cseem Dis seemed()32. What _ in that shop? Adid happen Bis happening Cwas happened DhappenAB解析解析 It seems that意为“看来”，其中的seem是连系动词，无被动语态，句中用过去时态。故选A。 解析解析 happen是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，且这里疑问词what在句中作主语，不需用助动词do来帮助提问。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()33. 2013襄阳襄阳 Didnt you see the sign “No Parking！” on the right? Sorry, I didnt. But now I know parking _ here. Awasnt allowed Bisnt allowed Cwont allow Ddoesnt allow()34. These books _ out of the reading room. You have to read them here. Acant take Bmust be taken Ccan take Dmustnt be takenBD专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态 ()35. You may go fishing if your work _. Ais done Bwill be done Chas done Dhave done()36. What do you think of the football match yesterday? Well. Its surprising. The strongest team of our school _. Awas beaten Bwon Cscored Dwas failedA解析解析 if引导的是一个条件状语从句，应用一般现在时的被动语态。 A解析解析 根据句意可知所填动词的意义应为“打败”，其主语为team，二者应为被动关系。