短语如何理解与记忆讲义--高考英语学习提升课堂 .docx
高考英语学习提升课堂：短语如何理解与记忆阅读下面短文（2022年新高考全国I卷），从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our _41_ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we _42_ along Chalk Creek. I was _43_ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was _44_, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So _45_ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It _46_ - he didnt end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.Another time, we rented a boat in Valerio Lake. The sky was clear when we _47_, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly _48_ our peaceful morning trip. The _49_ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to _50_ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No _51_. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there _52_, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were _53_.Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of _54_, wondering what camping fun and _55_ we will experience next.41. A.ideas B.jokes C.memories D.discoveries42. A.camped B.drove C.walked D.cycled43. A.annoyed B.surprised C.disappointed D.worried44. A.unhurt B.unfortunate C.uncomfortable D.unafraid45. A.due to B.instead of C.apart from D.as for46. A.worked B.happened C.mattered D.changed47. A.signed up B.calmed down C.checked out D.headed off48. A.arranged B.interrupted C.completed D.recorded49. A.wind B.noise C.temperature D.speed50. A.find B.hide C.start D.fix51. A.luck B.answer C.wonder D.signal52. A.patiently B.tirelessly C.doubtfully D.helplessly53. A.sorry B.brave C.safe D.right54. A.relief B.duty C.pride D.excitement55. A.failure B.adventure C.performance D.conflictKeyCADCB ADBAC ADCDB其中，45和47题分别考查了短语instead of 和headed off，前者在课本的词汇表中直接列出，是考生熟悉的短语；head off 在字典中可查到两种用法：1. If you head off a person, animal, or vehicle, you move to a place in front of them in order to capture them or make them change the direction they are moving in. 拦截，拦住。 He changed direction swiftly, turned into the hallway and headed her off. 他迅速改变方向，拐进走廊截住了她。2. If you head something off, especially something unpleasant, you take action before it is expected to happen in order to prevent it from happening. 阻止，防止（尤指不愉快的事）发生 He would ask Congress to intervene and head off a strike. 他将要求国会进行干预，防止发生罢工。显然，上面head off的两种释义和The sky was clear when we _47_ (headed off)中的headed off是不匹配的。其实，可以将这个短语拆分为head + off 的模式来理解。head：to move in a particular direction 朝（某方向）行进 off: away from a place 离开（某处）因此，句子可以理解为The sky was clear when we headed (for the mountains) off (the departure place)当我们离开（出发地）前往（山里）时，天空晴朗。此外，句子The _49_ (wind) picked up and thunder rolled(风起雷鸣)中，乍看之下，很多人会以为在考查名词，笔者却认为该题旨在考查短语pick up（加速，越刮越大风）；此外，该题也考查了动词roll的意思，可谓是一石二鸟。roll: to make a long continuous sound 发出持续的声音 Thunder rolled. 雷声隆隆。考生对pick up最熟悉的意思是“捡起，拾起”，对于它的其他意思，了解较少，因为它的意思实在太多了，字典上列出的意思有20余种。下面的短语检测资料你怎么看呢？检测效度如何？如果学生对每个短语没有经过较充分的理解和记忆，只看中文意思进行匹配的话，该种练习对学生的辨别、理解有一定的帮助。那么，对于意思丰富的短语，教师在平时的教学中应该怎样取舍、作出选择呢？选择的标准又该如何把握呢？<一>掌握好短语的基本意思1. 基本意思短语的最基本的意思掌握好了，理解短语的延伸意思就有了基础；2. 延伸意思短语的延伸意思往往建立在其基本意思之上，再进行适度的延伸，因此，正确的推测能力很重要。<二>短语的理解记忆程序目前，多数学生主要从教科书中获得短语，极少数学生能够直接应用于口头和书面输出，在这基础上如果有课外相关语言材料的输入，可以加强学生对该短语意思的理解，记忆起来更容易；之后如果教师采取及时、有效的检测手段，很多学生可能就能够将它应用输出。实际上，如果一个短语在教科书和课外资料及其检测中二次、三次、多次出现的话，学生理解和记忆的水平就越高，自由应用的可能性就更大，这就提醒英语老师们，要在课外相关材料的选择、检测的方式和频率上下功夫，让学生的语言学习更加顺利一些。<三>一语多义的短语如何取舍这个问题很考验老师的经验和判断力。一个经验丰富的老师知道一个短语的哪些意思学生应该掌握、哪些意思容易掌握、哪些意思不容易理解，等等。无论如何，有一个原则是，在有意义的情景中理解记忆是最理想的；此外，提高学生的总体阅读理解能力非常关键，学生的总体能力提高了，在碰到陌生的东西的时候，解决问题的能力也强，可谓是：授人与鱼，不如授人与渔。学科网（北京）股份有限公司
