情态动词使用版.ppt

We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我可以知道你的名字吗？我可以知道你的名字吗？ You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。你必须遵守校规。 情态动词整十三，说者态度及情感；情态动词整十三，说者态度及情感；词义本身不完整，独做谓语不能干。词义本身不完整，独做谓语不能干。没有人称数变化，常和动原紧相连；没有人称数变化，常和动原紧相连；能许必应表意愿，推测肯否求意见。能许必应表意愿，推测肯否求意见。情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 特特 点点 情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词无人称和数的变化， He could be here soon. 他很快就来。他很快就来。 We cant carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。我们搬不动那箱子。 Im sorry I cant help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。对不起，我帮不上你。 情态动词后面跟情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式是在情态动词后面加的动词需用原形，否定式是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气.情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 位位 置置 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前。前若有助动词，则在助动词之前。疑问句中，疑问句中， 情情态动词放在主语之前态动词放在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. He must have been away. What can I do for you? How dare you treat us like that! 情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 用用 法法1. can (could) 表示表示“能，会，可以能，会，可以, 同意同意, 准许准许, 以及客观以及客观条件允许和许可条件允许和许可”， could 为为 can 的过去式。的过去式。 表示能力表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages. 表示允许表示允许 Can I borrow the book from the library. 表示可能性表示可能性 Shanghai can be very cold in March.否定式：否定式：can not/cannot/cant/couldnt简答式：简答式：yes, can. / No, cant. A man can do no more than he can.凡是量力而行。凡是量力而行。Even the cleverest housewife cannot cook a meal without rice.巧妇难为无米之炊。巧妇难为无米之炊。2. may (might) “可以可以”，表示说话人同意，许可，表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。或请求对方许可。 表示可能性表示可能性表示允许表示允许表示祝愿表示祝愿1. She may be still waiting for us.2. May I come in?3.May you have a happy holiday.May I use your dictionary? Might I borrow some money now? 简答：简答：Yes, you may. No, you mustnt.* “必须；应该；一定；准是必须；应该；一定；准是”，表示说，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。但只用于肯定句表示猜事以及对事物的推测。但只用于肯定句表示猜测测, 而而mustnt 表示表示“禁止、不准、不允许禁止、不准、不允许” I must finish my work today. After such a long walk, you must be tired. 否定形式：否定形式：must not/mustnt 表示禁止表示禁止,不允许不允许简略回答：简略回答：Yes, .must. / No, neednt.3. must值得注意的是：值得注意的是：（1）must + have + p.p，表示现在对过去事物的推测。，表示现在对过去事物的推测。 He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 We must have been met somewhere before. 我们以前一定在哪里见过面。我们以前一定在哪里见过面。 （2）must 和和 have to 的区别的区别: must 表示说话人的主表示说话人的主观思想观思想, have to “不得不不得不,必须必须”，表示客观需要、客观，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。条件只能如此。 You must do it now. 你必需现在就干。你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干说话人认为必须现在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走客观条件必须现在走)2.It must have rained last night, _?1.It must be nice to take a walk here, _?isnt it didnt it3.You must have seen her yesterday, _? must表示推测时，其反意疑问句应根据动词表示推测时，其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化。的实际时态而变化。didnt you4. need 做情态动词做情态动词“必须必须”时多用在否定或疑问句中时多用在否定或疑问句中. You need not hand in the paper this week. 这一周你不必交论文。这一周你不必交论文。 否定形式：否定形式：need not / neednt简略回答：简略回答：Yes, must. / No, neednt.“neednt + have + pp” 表示过去做了没必要做的事情表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 You neednt have taken it seriously. 这件事情你不必太认真。这件事情你不必太认真。 need 作实义动词使用，这时作实义动词使用，这时 need 就象其他动词一样，有就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数，第三人称，单复数， 后面加带后面加带 to 的动词等特性。的动词等特性。Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗你需要词典吗? *5. dare “敢敢”，多用在否定句、疑问句、条件句中。，多用在否定句、疑问句、条件句中。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗你敢抓小猫吗? 否定形式：否定形式：dare not / darent 简略回答：简略回答：Yes, dare./No, darent. dare 还可作实义动词还可作实义动词,后接后接to Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗？你敢黑夜走路吗？ He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。6. ought “应当；应该应当；应该”，后面跟带有，后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。的动词不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 否定形式：否定形式：ought not to/oughtnt 简略回答：简略回答： Yes, ought./No, oughtnt toought + to have done 句型。表示事情本该做而未做。句型。表示事情本该做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就应该来。你昨天就应该来。 ought not to have done 句型。表示不该做的事情却做了。句型。表示不该做的事情却做了。 You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room. 你不应该把书带出阅览室。你不应该把书带出阅览室。7. will (would) 表决心、愿望。表决心、愿望。 would 为为 will 的过去式的过去式, 可可用于各人称。用于各人称。will, would用于第二人称疑问句表示说话人用于第二人称疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问向对方提出请求或询问,用用 would 比比 will 更婉转更婉转,客气。客气。 否定形式：否定形式：will not/wont. wouldnt 简略回答：简略回答：Yes, will./ No, wont.1、表示意愿、表示意愿 Ill try my best to overcome the difficulty.2、表示意图、表示意图What will you do?3、表示请求建议、表示请求建议 Will you help me to put these books in order?4、表示倾向习惯动作、表示倾向习惯动作 She will sit for hours without saying a word.would 与与 used to的用法与区别：的用法与区别：used to 表示过去与现在，过去某时与后来的情况有表示过去与现在，过去某时与后来的情况有所不同，强调所不同，强调“现在已无此习惯了现在已无此习惯了”，而，而would只表只表示过去的情况，与现在无关。示过去的情况，与现在无关。When he was young, he would smoke a lot.(不含有和现在比较，现在他也许还在抽，也许不抽了不含有和现在比较，现在他也许还在抽，也许不抽了)He used to live in country, but now he lives in city.8. shall表示将要、会，征求意见表示将要、会，征求意见(用于一、三人称用于一、三人称)，许诺、，许诺、命令、警告（用于二、三人称）。命令、警告（用于二、三人称）。 should表示应该、应当，本该（含有责备之意）表示应该、应当，本该（含有责备之意）否定形式：否定形式：shall not/shant , should not/shouldnt简略回答：简略回答：Yes, shall./No, shant. 1、第一、三人称疑问句中表示、第一、三人称疑问句中表示“请求或征求对方意见。请求或征求对方意见。 Eg. Shall I get you a cup of coffee?2、第二、三人称陈述句中、第二、三人称陈述句中1、表示允诺、表示允诺“会（得到）。会（得到）。2、表示命令、表示命令/警告威胁警告威胁 “该会必须该会必须”shall/should + have +p.pought to表示本应该做而未做。表示本应该做而未做。Eg:You should have been five minutes ago.shall/should not + have +p.pought not to表示本不应该做而做了。表示本不应该做而做了。Eg: She shouldnt have come here.情态动词表推测用法的比较：情态动词表推测用法的比较：can / could have done，在否定、疑问句中表示，在否定、疑问句中表示“对过对过去发生行为的可能性猜测。去发生行为的可能性猜测。 在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“本来能本来能做而未做做而未做”You could have come earlier. 你本来可以来早点的。你本来可以来早点的。 The door was locked. She couldnt have been at home.mustmightneedshouldought tocancouldmaycant+ be 表示对现在情况的否定推测表示对现在情况的否定推测.用在否定用在否定或疑问句中。或疑问句中。Cant she be at home now?It cant be ture.情态动词用法归类：情态动词用法归类：（1）.表示表示“能力能力”的情态动词：的情态动词： can, could, 相当于相当于 be able to（2）.表示表示“可能可能”、“也许也许”、“肯定肯定”、“理应理应”等推测判断的情态动词：等推测判断的情态动词：can could “可能可能”，相当于，相当于be possible may, might, “可能、也许可能、也许”：意义上相当于副词：意义上相当于副词maybe, perhapsmust 表示肯定，意义上表达表示肯定，意义上表达“Im sure”should “应该应该”按照可能性由大到小、有把握的程度从高到低排列：按照可能性由大到小、有把握的程度从高到低排列：A. He is at home. 他在家（表示确定的事实）他在家（表示确定的事实）B. He must be at home.他肯定在家（可能性相当大）他肯定在家（可能性相当大）C. He should be at home.他应该在家（可能性较大）他应该在家（可能性较大）D. He can (may) be at home.他可能在家（有可能但不肯定）他可能在家（有可能但不肯定）E. He could (might) be at home.他或许在家（可能性最低）他或许在家（可能性最低）（3）.表示请求、允许、应该、禁止等情态动词。表示请求、允许、应该、禁止等情态动词。A.can/could/may/might 都表示请求别人允许或答复，意义上差别不大，往往可以互都表示请求别人允许或答复，意义上差别不大，往往可以互用。但在语气上即表示客气、委婉的程度有些差别：用。但在语气上即表示客气、委婉的程度有些差别： can(最常用最常用)could(较客气较客气)-may (更正式客气更正式客气)-might(最最客气客气)B. should, ought to, must语气从弱到强的排列层次如下：语气从弱到强的排列层次如下：had better(最好最好)-should(应当应当)-ought to(应该应该)-must(必须必须)C. will, would 表示请求对方做某事，表示请求对方做某事，shall欲自己做某欲自己做某事，征求对方意见事，征求对方意见Will you open the window?Shall I open thewindow?几组易混淆的情态动词辨析：几组易混淆的情态动词辨析：(1).表示表示“能，会能，会”的的can (could)/ be able to(2).表示表示“允许允许” can (could) / may might ： 当请求允许做某事时，常用当请求允许做某事时，常用can。在无把握得到允。在无把握得到允许或表现客气时可用许或表现客气时可用could; may/might 则多用于正式则多用于正式文体。当表示允许某人做某事时，要用文体。当表示允许某人做某事时，要用can或或may,不能不能用用could和和might.-Could I use your mobile phone?-Yes, of course you can.-Might I trouble you for a while?-You may indeed!(3).must/have to:must强调说话主观看法，即主观上的必要性强调说话主观看法，即主观上的必要性;have to表表示客观需要，即周围环境、习惯、协约等所要求某人示客观需要，即周围环境、习惯、协约等所要求某人或某人必须做的，或某人必须做的，must 无人称和数的变化，只有一种无人称和数的变化，只有一种形式；形式；have to 可又过去时、将来时，其一般现在时有可又过去时、将来时，其一般现在时有人称和数的变化。人称和数的变化。(4).must not/ need not/ may not mustnt 表示表示“不准、禁止不准、禁止”；neednt 表示表示“不必、不必、没有必要没有必要”（相当于（相当于dont have to, not necessary）; may not 随语境变化，有俩种含义：随语境变化，有俩种含义：“可能不可能不”和和“不不允许允许”。It may not rain. 可能不会下雨。可能不会下雨。You may not leave. 你不能离开。你不能离开。情态动词专练题情态动词专练题1.Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would2. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, _. A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt3.You to attend the meeting, but you didnt. A. should come B. would have come C. came D. should have come4.We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended5.Tom went on foot, but he by bus. A. might go B. may go C. could have gone D. ought have gone 6.We play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge. A. had better B. would better C. would rather D. had rather7.There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom? A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Ought8.There was a lot of time. He . A. mustnt have hurried B. neednt have hurried C. could have hurried D. ought to have hurried9.We didnt study Chemistry last night, but we . A. had studied B. could C. should D. could have10.One ought for what one hasnt done. A. not to be punished B. to not be punished C. to not punished D. not be punished 11.May I pick a flower in the garden? . A. No, you neednt B. Not, please C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont12.Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you . A. will B. could C. may D. might13.Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may not C. should not D. dont have to14.I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She at the meeting. A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken15.I wonder how he that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 16.You take your umbrella. I am sure it wont rain. A. shouldnt B. cant C. dont have to D. mustnt17.The dog hibernate in winter. A. dont need B. doesnt need to C. needs not to D. needs not18.Look what you have done. You have been careful. A. should B. can C. must D. may19.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I him. A. would see B. could meet C. might have seen D. might see20. Lets go to the cinema, shall we? ? A. No, I cant B. Yes, I will C. Yes, thank you D. No, wed better not 21.If you had been more careful, you have made so many mistakes.A. wont B. wouldnt C. may not D. mustnt22.Whenever Mother was not here, the children make a lot of noise.A. will B. would C. were to D. were going to23.Why is it so dark. There be a heavy rain coming. A. shall B. may C. should D. will24.Tom is late. What to him? A. should have happened B. must have happened C. can have happened D. would have happened25.Tom, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself. A. wont, could B. mustnt, may C. shouldnt, must D. cant, should 26. “Can you imagine how about it?” “No, I cant.” A. could they know possibly B. could they possibly know C. they could possibly know D. possibly they could know27.Tom full marks, but he was too careless a spelling mistake. A. could gain, to make B. could have gained, to make C. could have gained, and made D. could have gained, as to make28.I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day. A. dare fighting off B. dared fight off C. dare to fight off D. dared fighting off29. the man there be our new teacher? He be, but Im not sure. A. May, mustnt B. Can, may C. Must, cant D. Can, cant30. Someone is knocking at the door. Who it be? It be Tom. He is still in the school. A. can, cant B. can, mustnt C. might, could D. might, may 1.I am not sure whether he will come or not. He must come tonight.2.He mustnt be an American because he cant speak English at all.3.I tried to call him at the office, but there is no reply. He can be at home.maycantmustCorrect the mistakes in the sentences1. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would2. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended3. - Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you _. (NMET1992) A. might B. will C. can D. should Multiple choiceCAC4. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost5. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not6. Could I borrow your dictionary Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should7. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. can C. may D. willDCCC