2022年2022年介词与连词教师版新 .pdf

介词与介词短语考点关注：1. 易混介词的辨析2. 固定的介词短语3. 介词与名词、动词、形容词等的搭配4. “介词加 +关系代词 ” 在定语从句中的运用5. 分词形式的介词?介词一般位于名词或代词前,表示该词与句中其他成分的关系.?介词后接名词或动词的ing 形式【时间介词】表示时间的介词主要有at, on和 in at: a. 表示某一具体的时刻 He usually goes to school at 3:20 b. 表示一天中某段时间或特定的时候 at night, at noon, at this time of year, at that time c. 表示节日 , 泛指 at Christmas, at Halloween on a, 表示具体某一天, on May 1st b, 表示在周几及其早、中、晚。 on Monday, on Sunday afternoon, on a cold night c, 表示在节日 , on New Years Day in a, 表示一天中的早、中、晚, in the morning, in the evening. b, 表示较长的时间段, 如月份 , 季节 , 年份 , 世纪等 . in the 20th century, in 1989, in summer, in May 其他表示时间的用法 : in, after 在之后“in + 段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 My mother will come back three or four days. He arrived five months. She will appear five oclock this afternoon from, since 自从from 仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。 He studied the piano the age of three. They have lived here 1978.(现在还学着呢) 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every, all或者 tomorrow, yesterday, today 等词之前一律不用介词：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - We meet every day. Where did you go last weekend? Where are you going next week? 【地点介词】1)表示地点位置的介词, 主要有 at, on, in, to at (1) 表示在小地方( 一个点 ); (2) 表示“在附近，旁边”at home, at the bus stop, at school He is sitting at the desk. He arrived at the airport at 9:00 am. in ( 1)表示在大地方 ; (2)表示“在范围之内” 。In Paris, in the water, in school He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Jiangsu lies in the east of China. on (1) 表示在一个表面, (2)毗邻，接壤 There are many books on the desk. Russia lies on the north of China.（根据语义判断是in 还是 on、to ）to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤 Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province. （根据语义判断是in 还是 on、to ）2)above, over, on 在上above 指在上方 ,不强调是否垂直 ，与 below 相对；over 指垂直的上方 , 与 under 相对 , 但 over 与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying my head. There is a bridge the river. He put his watch the desk. 3)below, under, beneath 在下面below 表示在下，不一定在正下方under 表示在正下方, 强调垂直beneath 表示双方有接触面, 较正式用语 There is a cat the table. Please write your answers the question. The sun is now the horizon. 3. 表运动方向的介词：across, through 通过，穿过across 表示横过 , 即从物体表面通过，与on 有关；through穿过 , 即从物体内部穿过，与in 有关。She walked the road. He walked the forest. 4. 表示“在之间”的介词：between, among 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - between 指在两个人或两个事物之间；among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。 There is a football match Class 1 and 2 The teacher is standing the students. 5. 表示其他意义的介词1)on ,about 关于on 表示书 , 文章或研究是关于某方面题材, 话题的 , 学术性的，about 表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。 He is writing a book on cooking. He told me a lot about his vocation （其实不用分这么清楚的，随便用就行）2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具； by bus, by foot, by doing with 表示用工具、手段，一般指具体的工具手段write with a pen in 表示用方式，用语言( 语调、笔墨、颜色) 等；in good manners, in red He makes a living selling newspapers. He broke the window a stone. The foreigner spoke to us English. 3)except, besides 除了except 除之外，不包括在内besides 除之外，包括在内翻译：除了张先生没去，我们都去看电影了。除了张先生之外，我们也都去看电影了。4) as 作为 , 担任 , 像 He works as a waiter in that restaraut. a. as adj/adv as和一样 She is as tall as her sister. b, as adj/adv as possible/one can 尽可能 I will come as soon as possible/I can c, as well as 和, 不但 , 而且 , 和一样好 Jim as well as his brother, went out for a party as well 也，一般用在句末，相当于also you like listening to music，I like it as well. 介词常用right, well, all, just, only等副词修饰 , 可表强调 Right after dinner, the boy went to bed. She went to the party only because of him. 介词填空1.Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.（in, on, to）2.Go _ the bridge _ the river, youll find the shop.（across, through; over, above）3.She returned to her country _five years.（in, after, for）4.He would like to meet her _8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 5.The Greens have lived in China _ three years. （in, for, after）【热点透视】热点 1 on, at, in 的区别三个介词如果指时间概念，on用在具体的某一天前面，at用在具体的时刻前面，in用在时间段的前面；三个介词如果表示地点，on 表示在物体的表面，at 表示一个小的地点，in 表示在物体内部；三个介词还可以表示“ 在 方面 ” ，主要是从语境的角度去区别。例 1: The accident is reported to have occurred _ the first Sunday in February.A. at B. on C. in D. to 例 2: My uncle lives _A_ 103 Chaoyang Street _ Beijing. A. at; in B. on; at C. in; on D. of; to热点 2 with, by, in 表示 “ 用”with 通常指 “ 用” 具体的或有形的工具、器官等。有时也表示“ 用” 某种手段、音调等。by 表示 “ 用 ” 方式、手段等，后面常接动名词，后接名词时，该名词前一般不加修饰语。in 指 “ 用” 语言、字体、墨水、体裁、方式、风格、现金、顺序等。例： Please wait for me here. Ill be back _ 20 minutes, that is, _ two oclock.A.in; in B. after; after C. after; in D. in; after热点 3 besides, except, except for, but, apart from表示 “ 除 之外 ” （1）besides 表示 “ 除 之外（还有） ” ，其宾语包括在内。（2）except 表示 “ 除了 ” 。其宾语不包括在内。（3）except for 强调 整体中的细节 ，意思是 “ 只是 ” ，前后的事物不属于同类。(4） but 常可与 except 互换，强调 “ 不在其中 ” ，通常与 all, every,everybody, nobody, nothing 等不定代词连用。（5）apart from 意为 “ 除 之外 ” ，即可以表示besides 的意思， 也可以表示except 或 except for 的意思。例1 ：Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days. (2007.全国II.16 )A.For B. except C. besides D. with例 2：I know nothing about the accident _ what I read in the newspaper.A.except B. besides C. except for D. except that例 3：The article is quite good _ some spelling mistakes.A.except B. besides C. except for D. except that热点 4 介词短语的辨析考查英语中的复合介词是考试中经常涉及到的内容，只要能够在具体的语境中理解它的意思，就能够正确作答。例 1：_ fire, all exits must be kept clear. A. In place of B. Instead of C. In case of D. In spite of例 2：I have offered to paint the house _ a weeks accommodationA.In exchange for B. with regard to C. by means of D. in place of例 3: _ your advice, I would have been caught in the traffic and I wouldnt have been there on time.A.In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for热点 5 介词与名词、动词、形容词等的搭配例 1： scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. (2007. .23)名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at热点 6 “ 介词 +关系代词”在定语从句中的运用例: The author _ Beijing University _ all of us are familiar will pay a visit to our company.A.from; whom B. in; to whom C. from; with whom D. in; who解题指导： 对于介词与其他词的搭配，除了掌握一些常见的搭配外，要善于从句中找出搭配形式，特别是分割开了的搭配形式；要注意还原短语，选出需用的介词。热点 8分词形式的介词此类介词常考的有：considering（就 而论） ; given（如果有 , 考虑到 ）; including（包括） ; concerning（关于）。例 1: _ his old age, he is healthy enough.A.Considered B. To consider C. Considering D. consider例 2: _ his support, I think we will win the election.A. If B. Given C. Giving D. Have连词的用法一、连词定义: 用来连接词、短语或句子的词。e.g. I study English and Chinese.Does he work at school or in the hospital?I get up early, but my brother gets up late. 二、连词分类：三、用法1.并列连词- 连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的有：(1)表并列关系的and, both and, not only but also, neithernor，as well as（也，和）等。(2)表选择关系的or, either or等。(3)表转折关系的but, however 等。(4)表因果关系的for, so 等。考点一：and ( “和，并且” ) 与 or (“否则” )1）判断改错：They sat down and talk about something. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - They started to dance and sang.I saw two men sitting behind and ate there.“and” 连接平行结构2）翻译：我喜欢英语和数学。I like English _ math. 我不喜欢英语和数学。I don t like English _ math.（1）肯定句中用 “and” 表“ 和” ；（2）否定句中用 “or”表“ 和” 。考点二：表转折的连词but 和 however ：e.g. (他努力工作，但以失败告终。)He worked hard, _ he failed at last.He worked hard. _, he failed at last.区别 : but 后没有逗号，直接连接分句；however 后有逗号相隔，可放句末。考点三：although/ though 和 but 这两个关联词不能同时用改错：（1）Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.（2）“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 正确吗？because 和 so 等关联词都不能同时使用。考点四： - 连词词组：either A or B “ 或者 A或者 B”neither A nor B “ 既不 A 也不 B”not only A but also B “ 不仅 A 而且 B”【连接主语时，谓语 “ 就近原则 ” 】Either you or I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我将去晚会。)Neither I nor he _ seen the movie.（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）Not only you but also he _speaks_ French.（不但你而且他也讲法语。）2. 从属连词 -用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless 等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since 等。(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so that, suchthat等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as as等。(8)引导宾语从句的that, if , whether等。考点一“when ” 和 “while ”Mr. White was taking a shower _ the UFO landed on the street.A. where B. while C. when D. whether_ Mr. White was taking a shower ，the UFO landed on the street. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - A. where B. while C. when D. whetherwhen 引导的状语从句的动作多为终止性动词，也为可持续动词；但while 只能是可持续动词。考点二not until/ till 直到 才till 直到 为止翻译：我会到你回来时才睡觉。我会一直工作到你回来。翻译：他直到3 岁才会讲话。我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。My father _ come back _ we_supper.他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。He _ get up until his mother wakes him up.考点三so that：为了； 所以，结果He took the MP3 player with him _ he could enjoy music during the trip.A. because B. so that C. whenHe got up early _ he could catch the early bus.他起早是为了赶上早班车。(表目的 )He got up early so that he caught the early bus.他起早，结果赶上了早班车。（表结果）He got up so early that he caught the early bus.so that 如此 以致情境对话 ：根据对话内容，填入适当连词。Funny Husband (H) & Wife (W) about ShoppingH：“ What are we going to do, my dear ？”W: “ Go shopping.”H：“ We can do nothing _except/but_shopping.”W：“In fact, _neither_ you _nor_ I like shopping.”H: “ Why must you do the things _that_ you dont like?” W: “ _Because_ my skirts are out of style, _ 或 so I want to buy a new one.”W:（In the clothing shop. ） I don t know_if_ they fit(适合 ) me. ”H: “ I don t know what/ which_ you really like. Just go inside and try them on.”H： （对 seller 笑笑）“Can you talk to me for a few minutes ？”S：Why?H：Because if/when/ as soon as_my wife sees (that) I am talking to other ladies, she will be angry at once and leave.S： “Then why do you let her go?”H： “ I want to leave and/ so that_ I won t pay for them.”作业1. Henry, Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit? Which is WRONG? A. together with B. like C. besides D. but in addition to 2. His father will be back from London a few days. A. since B. in C. on D. after 3. He usually goes to work on time . A.except for raining days B.besides it rains 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - C.but that it rains D.except on rainy days 4. Did you have trouble the post office? A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding 5. If you keep on, youll succeed . A. in time B. at one time C. at the same time D. on time 6. The train leaves 6：00 pm, so I have to be at the station 5：40 pm at the latest? A. at； until B. for； after C. at ； by D. before； around 7. the gate and youll find the entrance the park the other side. A.Through；to ；on B.Along；of ；on C.Down ；to ；at D.Up；of ；by 8. One five will have the chance to join in thegame. A. within B. among C. in D. from 9. Do you go there bus? No, we go there a train. A. in；on B. on； on C. by； in D. by； with 10. I made the coat my own hands. It was made hand, not with a machine. A. in； in B. in； with C. with； by D. with； with 11. The trees front of the house are the charge of Mr. Li. A. in； in B. at； in C. in； by D. from； in 12. The old man died cold a cold night. A. from； at B. of； in C. of； on D. for； during 13. My uncle lives 116 Changhe Street. His room is the sixth floor. A. at； on B. to； at C. on； in D. of； to 14. I don t think you can work out the maths problem her help. A. since B. unless C. with D. without 15. He is running the wind towards the station Tom running the right. A.down ；and； on B.against；with ；on C.for；with ；in D.with；while ；to 16. In Hangzhou Mr. Black was so struck the beauty of nature that he stayed another night. A. at； on B. with； at C. for； in D. by； for 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 17. How long has the bookshop been in business? 1987. A. After B. In C. From D. Since 18. We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance exams. A. at B. on C. for D. of 19. Guangdong lies the south of China and Fujian is the east of it. Hainan is the coast of the mainland. A. in； in ； on B. in； on ； off C. on； to ； on D. in； to ；away 20. The student, whom all the teachers are pleased,is very strict himself everything. A.to；with ；in B.with；with ； in C.with；at ；with D.at；with ；at 答案及简析1.D。 “名词介词短语”作主语时，谓语动词要与前面的名词保持一致。D项表达错误。2.B。表示“从现在起多长时间之后”用in 。3.D。except 后接动词不定式可与but 连用，但 except 后还可接that, when, where 等从句或介词短语，在表示对细节加以纠正之意时用except for。4.D。have troubledifficulty in doing sth.with sth.是一个习惯用法，表示“做某事吃力、费劲” 。5.A。 in time 除平时熟悉的 “及时” 之意外，还有“迟早”的意思，相当于 sooner or later。6.C。具体时间即点时间前常用介词at, 表示“到为止”用by。7.A。through指“从某事物的内部空间穿过”；entrance后习惯接 to ；表示“在边”用on。8.C。 “one in five”指“五人中有一个” ，即“ one out of five” 。9.C。 “乘坐交通工具”时，用by抽象名词（无冠词的名词）或用in on 加冠词再加交通工具。10.C。 “由手工制作”用固定词组with ones hands 或 by hand 。11.A 。in front of表示“在前面” ；in the charge of表示“在掌管控制下”。12.C。die of用于疾病、情感、饥饿、寒冷等原因造成的死亡，die from指除了疾病、情感、饥饿、寒冷以外的原因造成的死亡，on a cold night为特定时间。13.A 。在相对小的地点或门牌前用at ；房间“在第几层”用“on. floor” 。14.D。 “在帮助下”用with, “没有帮助”用without 。15.B 。 “逆顶风而跑”用against ； “with 宾宾补”表示伴随；表示“在左右边”用on。 16.D。 “be struck by”意为“被迷住打动”，stay for the night表示“留下来过夜”。17.D。since 常与现在完成时连用。18.B 。offer sb. congratulations on sth. or doing sth.congratulate sb. on sth. or doing sth. 19.B 。in the south 表示在“一个范围之内的南部”，on the east 表示“在东边接壤” ，off the coast表示“离开海岸” 。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 20.B 。表示“对感到满意”，用 be pleased with 。此句为定语从句；主句中用了be strict with sb. in sth.句型。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - -