2022年中考英语专题复习六介词连词考点讲解和训练题.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中考英语专题复习四：介词、连词考点讲解和训练题【考点直击】1. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；2. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义；3. 并列连词 and, but, or, so 等的主要用法；4. 常用的从属连词的基本用法【名师点睛】1. 介词的功能 介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用；介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语；介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语 补足语；例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. 定语 The girl will be back in two hours. 状语 Our English teacher is from Australia. 表语 Help yourself to some fish. 宾语补足语 2. 常用介词的用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1）at, in on 表示时间点用at；例如： at six oclock, at noon, at midnight；表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in；例如： in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon 等；表示详细的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用 on；例如： on Monday, on July 1 2） since, after st, on Sunday morning 等；由 since 和 after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开头的时段,但 since 词组表示的时段始终连续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用；而因而要与一般过去时连用；例如：I havent heard from him since last summer.After five days the boy came back. after 词组所表示的时段纯系过去,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3） in, after in 与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后” 的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语；After与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语；一段时间的词语；例如：He will be back in two months. He will arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month. （2）表示地点的介词 1）at, in, on After 与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示at 一般指小地方；in 一般指大地方或某个范畴之内；on 往往表示 “ 在某个物体的表面”；例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 2） over, above, on over, on 和 above 都可表示 “在 上面 ”,但详细含义不同；Over 表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under； above 也表示位置高于某物,但不肯定在正上方,其反义词是 below ；On 指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面；例如：There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teachers desk.3） across, through across 和 through 均可表示 “ 从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同；Across 的含义与 on 有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行；Through 的含义与 in 有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行；例如：T he dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4 in front of, in the front of in front of 表示 “在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范畴以外；in the front of 表示 “在 的前部 ”,在某个范畴以内；例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building. The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 3. 介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系；记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词；（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend on , （2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one in the end 等；（3）介词与形容词的搭配 in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for 等；4. 连词的功能 用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词叫连词；连词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独使用；连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词；5. 并列连词 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子；常见的并列连词有：1表并列关系的and, both and, not only but also, neither 等； nor2表挑选关系的or, either or3表转折关系的but, while 等；4表因果关系的for, so 等；6. 从属连词 从属连词用来引导从句；常见的从属连词有：1引导时间状语从句的 after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as 等；2引导条件状语从 句的 if, unless 等；名师归纳总结 3引导缘由状语从句的because, as, since等；第 3 页,共 15 页4引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that 等；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5引导让步状语从句的 though, although, even if 等；6引导结果状语从句的 so that, so that, such 等； that7引导比较状语从句的 than, as as 等；8引导名词从句的 that, if , whether 等；7. 常用连词的用法辨析（1） while, when, as 这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有所不同；1 当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事；While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“ 背景 ”的时间状语从句；例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car. 2 当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是 while ；例如：While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework. 3 当两个动作都表示进展变化的情形时,最常用的是 as；例如：As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them. 4 当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示“ 一边 一边 ” 时,最常用as；例如：Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry. She looked behind from time to time as she went 5 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时,通常用 when；例如：When he finished his work, he took a short rest. 6 当从句是瞬时动作,主句是连续性动作时,通常用 when；例如：When John arrived I was cooking lunch. （2）as, because, since , for 这四个词都可表缘由,但用法有区分；1 假如缘由构成句子的最主要部分,例如：一般用 because；因此, because引导的从句往往放在句末；I stayed at home because it rained. -Why aren t you going.-Because I dont want to.2 假如缘由已被人们所知,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或 since；Since 比 as略微正式一点； As 和 since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - As he wasnt ready, we left withouthim. Since I have no money, I cant buy any food.For 引导的句子不3 for 用来补充说明一种理由,因此,for 引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里；放在句子的开头；例如：I decided to stop and have lunch-for I was feeling quite hungry. （3）if, whether if 和 whether 都可作 “ 是否 ” 讲,在引导宾与从句是一般可互换；例如：I wonder whether if you still study in that school. I don t know whether if he likes that film. 在以下情形下,只能用 whether,不能用 if ：1 引导主语从句时；例如：Whether he will come to the party is unknown. 2 引导表语从句时；例如：The question is whether I can pass the exam. 3 在不定式前；例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.（4）so that, such.that1 so that中的 so 是个副词,其后只能跟形容词或副词,而 后接名词或名词短语；例如：I m so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming. such.that 中的 such 是个形容词,2 假如在名词之前有 many, much, little, few 时,用 so,不用 such；例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job. I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over. （5）either or , neither nor, not only but also 这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分；当它们连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化；例如：Either you or he is wrong. Neither he nor his children like fish. Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （6）although, but 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中；例如：我们不能说“ Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others. 这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others. （7）because, so 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中；例如：我们不能说“ Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或 John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 【实例解析 】1.-When will Mr Black come to Beijing. -_ September 5. A. On B. To C. At D. In 答案： A；表示时间的介词的用法；表示某一天用介词 on；2.The boys felt sad as they lost _ the girls in the talk show. A. by B. in C. to D. on 答案： C；该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配；lose 表示输给谁的时候用介词 to；应选 C；3-I like riding fast. It exciting. s very -Oh. You mustnt do it like that, _ it may have an accident.A. and B. or C. so D. but 答案： B；该题考查的是并列连词的用法；答语的意思是“ 你不要那样做,否就会发生事故的；”在这四个并列连词中,只有 or 含有这样的意思,所以应选 B；3. John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as C；“ 约翰在听音乐答案： C；该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法；本句的含义是的时候睡着了；” 表示在干某事时发生了某个事情” 通常用 while ；因此应选【中考演练】一. 单项填空名师归纳总结 1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning.第 6 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on 2. Where s Lily. We are all here _ her.A. beside B. about C. except D. with 3. She sent her friend a postcard _ a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of 4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by 5. -What is a writing brush, do you know. -It s _ writing and drawing.A. with B. to C. for D. by 6. English is widely used _ travellers and business people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by 7. _ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students. A. Under B. In C. With D. On 8. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in 9. - Youd better not go out now. Its raining.-It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep _ rain.A. in B. of C. with D. off 10. Japan lies _ the east of China. A. to B. in C. about D. at 11. -Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2022. -I don t think so. Now _ the young _ the old can speak some English.A. either or B. not only but alsoC. neither nor D. both or12. We didn t catch the train _ we left late.A. so B. because C. but D. though 13. Tom failed in the exam again _ he wanted to pass it very much. 名师归纳总结 A. if B. so C. though D. as five thousand words _ I have tested him 第 7 页,共 15 页14. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - myself. A. after B. when C. if D. until 15. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _ he realized it. A. when B. until C. after D. before 16. -This dress was last years style.-I think it still looks perfect _ it has gone out this year. A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since 17. Hurry up, _ you will miss the train. A. and B. so C. however D. or 18. The mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top. A. so as B. so that C. as as D. too toan.19. -Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xi-Of course. I remember everything _ it happened yesterday. A. as soon as B. even though C. rather than D. as if 20. _ you cant answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help.A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since 二. 用适当的介词填空1. -How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt. -I m going there _ my car.2. Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _ us at Zhonglou Restaurant. 3. Hangzhou is famous _ the West Lake. 4. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. 5. Could you tell me if there is a flightto the capital _ March, 25th. 6. We all agree _ you. Lets start at once.7. There is a big shop _ the other side of the road. 8. -Which necklace have you lost. -The one you gave me _ my birthday. 名师归纳总结 9. You should take more exercise. Its good _ your health.第 8 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10. It is clear that fish cannot live _ water. 三. 用适当的连词填空1. _ they are brothers, they dont look like each other at all.2. The dress was very expensive, _ I didnt buy it.3. -Do you know _ I could pass the exam. -Sorry, Ive no idea.t understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.4. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, _ he can5. The war was over about a year ago, _ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. 6. -Is David at school today. -No. He is at home _ he has a bad cold. 7. _ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. 8. Study hard, _ you are sure to have a good result in the exam. 9. Please have a wash _ you go to bed. 10. The twins have learned a lot _ they came to China. 四 完型填空1 A very new, yung officer was at a railway station. He was on his way to visit his mother in 1 town. He wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of his train, 2 she could meet him at the 3 in her car. He looked at all his pockets, but 4 that he did not have the right money for the telephone, so he went on and looked 5 for someone to help him. At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer 名师归纳总结 stopped him and said, “Can you change the money 6 me.”s “ Wait a moment, ” the soldier 7 , and he began to put his hand in his 8 “ I ll see whether I can help you.”“ Dont you know how to speak to an officer.” the young officer said angrily 9 again, “ Now let Can you change the money for me.”第 9 页,共 15 页“ No, sir,” the old soldier answered 10 . 1A other Bthe other Canother Done - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2A so Bso that Cbecause Dwhen 3A place Bstation Cstreet Dstop 4A knew Bthought Cfound Dfound out 5A up Bdown Caround Dinto 6A to Bwith Cfor Dand 7A answered Bspoke Ctold Dsmiled 8A coat Bhandbag Cwallet Dpocket 9A start Bto begin Cdoing Dask 10A easily Bfast Chappily Dquickly 2 One of Charlie Chaplins most famous films was “ The Gold Rush ” The film was set in California in the middle of the 1 century. At that time, gold was discovered in California and thousands of people 2 there to look for gold, so it became 3 as “the gold rush” People said g old could 4 be “panning for goldpicked up by washing sand from the river in a pan of water. This was known as 5 in their search for In the film, Chaplin and his friend are in California. So far, they have been gold and have no money at all. They 6 in a snow storm in a small wooden house. They have 7 They are so hungry that they 8 a pair of shoes, by boiling them in a pan of water. Chaplin sits down 9 the table and eats the shoe. He makes it seem as if this is one of the 10 meals that he has ever enjoyed. 名师归纳总结 1.A nineteen Bninetieth Cnineteenth D ninth 第 10 页,共 15 页2.A went Bleft Cclimb D found 3.A famous Bknown Cwonderful D great 4.A hard Beasily Cdifficulty D slowly - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5.A unhappy Bunsuccessfully Cunlucky D unluckily 6.A have got Bmeet Care caught D live 7.A a little food Bsome water Cnothing D nothing to eat 8.A wear Bcook Cmake D mend 9.A at Bby Cnear D beside 10.A biggest Bdearest Ccheapest D most delicious 五阅读懂得In America, just as in Europe, men usually open doors for women, and women always walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant, unless （除非） the men have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or do some other things like the above On the street, men almost always walk or cross the street on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic But if a man walks with tw