2022年完整不定代词的用法讲解及练习题.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 不定代词的用法 1. some ,any 1 some多用于确定句,修饰复数可数名词和不行数名词,作“ 一些” 解；它仍可修饰单数可数名词,作“ 某一” 解；如：H-5 avian influenza first broke out in some Asian countries. H-5 型禽流感第一在亚洲爆发；Some people are early risers. 有些人起得很早；2 any 通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句,修饰单数或复数可数名词以及不行数名词；If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me. 图书馆假如来了新杂志,替我借几本；Are there any stamps in the drawer. 抽屉里有邮票吗？Is there any money with you. 你身上带钱了吗？3 any 仍可以用于确定句,作“ 任何的” 解；You can come here any time. 你什么时候来都行；You can get it at any shop. 你可以在任何一家商店买到它；2. either,both ,all 1 either 表示“ 两者中的任何一个”；Either of the brothers is selfish. 两兄弟都特别自私；Either will do. 两个都行；“ 两个都” ,修饰可数名词,统指两者；2 bothTom and Jack both made some progress. 汤姆和杰克两个都有所进步；Both of them should make concessions. 他们双方都应做出让步；3 all“ 全部,全部的”,修饰可数名词和不行数名词,指两个以上的人或物；All the students contributed to the fund. 全部的同学都为基金会捐了款；钱都花完了；All of the money has been spent. We are all for you. 我们都支持你；Say all you know and say it without reserve. 知无不言,言无不尽；3. no , neither,none 1 no “ 不” ,可修饰单数和复数可数名词以及不行数名词；Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待；There are no clouds in the sky. 天上没有云；I have no money for such things. 我没钱买这些东西；,其所指范畴是两个人或物；2 neither“ 两者中哪个都不”Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对；Neither of the two countries is satisfied with the result of the talk. 两个国家都不中意会谈的结果；3 none “ 没有一个人或东西”,它既可指可数名词（其所指范畴是两个以上的人或物）,又可指不行数名词；All of the trees were cut down, and none was were. left. 全部的树都被砍了,一棵也不剩；None of the students failed the examination. 没有一个同学考试不及格；None of this money is his. 这笔钱没有一点儿是他的；, “ 几个” ； 修饰可数名词； a few表示确定意义, few4. few, a few,little, a little ； a few的意思是“ 少数”1 few的意思是“ 没有几个”表示否定意义；The problem is so difficult that few people can solve it. 1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 这个问题太难了,几乎没人能做出来；Only a few people can solve this problem. 只有几个人能解决这个问题；Few of them want to go. 他们中几乎没有人想去；a little表示确定意义,little表示否定意义；如：A few of them want to go. 他们中有几个人想去；2 little“ 没有多少”,a little“ 少量” ,修饰不行数名词；There is little rainfall this spring. 今年春季雨水很少；Although it did not rain for the whole month, there is a little water in the pond. 虽然整整一个月没下雨了,但池塘里仍有一点水；5. many , much, most 1 many 用于修饰可数名词；Many of the problems have been solved. 大部分问题已经解决了；Many think that the situation will change soon. 2 much 用于修饰不行数名词；许多人认为局势会很快转变；Much of the money has been spent. 这笔钱的大部分已经被花掉了；They have finished much of the work. 他们已经完成了大部分的工作；6. another,other ,the other,others ,the others 1 another 指同类中多个东西中的“ 另一个”（即 one more ）；This watch doesn't work, I must get another one. 这块表坏了,我该另买一块了；He went back to work too soon,and was laid up for another three months. 他回去上班过早,结果又病倒三个月；但要留意： other 与物主限定词连用也可指余下的另一个或全部；如：Use your other hand. 用你的另一只手；Mary is older than me but my other sisters are younger. 玛丽比我大,其余的都是我妹妹；2 other 单独使用时指其他的、另外的人或物；There must be some other reason for him refusing to help. 他不予帮忙肯定另有缘由；I saw Tom with some other fellow students. 我观察汤姆和其他一些同学在一起；指同类中余下的另一个或另一些；3 the otherone/ones.I'll have to use our duplicate key. I lost the other one. 我不得不用我们的备用钥匙了,我把那一把丢了；Where are the other students. 其他同学去哪儿了？One of the murderers was caught, but the other is still at large. 一个凶手被抓住了,另一个却依旧逍遥法外；是 other 的复数形式,指其他的、另外的人或物；4 others We should not think only of our children, there are others to be cared for also. 我们不应当只想到自己的孩子,仍有别的孩子也需要照料；Others may object to this plan. 别人可能会反对这个方案；5 the others 表示同类中余下的全部；The search party was divided into two groups. Some went to the right, the others went to the left. 搜寻小组一分为二,一部分人向右,另一部分向左；Jenny is cleverer than any of. the others in her class. 珍妮比班上的其他（任何）人都聪慧；7. 复合不定代词 someone somebody, something, anyoneanybody, anything, no onenobody, nothing, everyone everybody, everything 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 someone, somebody 某人和 something 某物Someone is asking to see you. 有人要见你；Someone suggests putting off the meeting. 有人建议推迟会议；There's something wrong with the machine. 机器出了毛病；Something strange happened last night. 昨晚发生了件古怪的事；2 anyone, anybody 任何人和 anything 任何事情Anybody can do this work. It's very simple. 这事太简洁了,人人都能做；Did you meet anyone on your way home. 你回家的路上遇到什么人了吗？He faltered："Is anything wrong？" 他支支唔唔地说： “ 有什么错吗？”He did not say anything after that. 这以后他再也没说什么；3 no one, nobody 没有人 . 和 nothing（没有东西）；I'm not somebody. I'm nobody. 我不是重要人物,我是个无名小卒；No one wants to do that. 没人愿做那种事；Nobody is absent. 没有人缺席；That's nothing. 那没有什么；He said he knew nothing about it. 他说他对那事一无所知；4 everyone, everybody（每个人）和 everything（每样东西,一切事物）；She said good-bye to everyone. 她和每个人辞别；Everybody's business is nobody's business. 事关大家无人管；Everything is ready for the experiment. 试验的一切都预备好了；This news means everything to us. 这个消息对我们至关重要；复合不定代词用法大盘点复合不定代词是由some-,any- ,no- ,every- 加上 -one ,-body ,-thing等所组成的不定代词；复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等十二个；这些复合代词具出名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语；使用时留意以下几点：一、复合不定代词的指代对象1、含-body 和-one 的复合代词只用来指人,含-body 的复合不定代词与含-one 的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同,可以互换；只是用-body 时显得较通俗些,多用于口语中,用-one 时显得较文静些,更常见于正式场合及书面语中；如：Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room. 有人在隔壁房间哭；No one/Nobody is stupid. 没有谁是愚蠢的；2、含-thing 的复合不定代词只用来指事物；如：Are you going to buy anything. 你会去买东西吗？I can hear nothing but your vioce. 我只听到了你的声音；二、复合不定代词的属格1、含-one 和 -body 等指人的复合代词可有- s 属格形式；如：Everybodys business is nobodys business. 大家的事情没人管；Is this anybodys seat. 这儿有人坐吗？2、含-one 和 -body 等指人的复合代词后跟 else 时, - s 属格应加在 else 之后；如：Can you remember someone else s name. 你仍记得其他人的姓名吗？3、含-thing 等指事物的复合不定代词没有- s 属格形式；三、复合不定代词的数1、复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此通常被看成是单数第三人称；当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式；如：Is everyone here today. 今日,大家都到齐了吗？3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人；2、当要对一群人讲话时,可使用以复合不定代词作主语的祈使句,句中的动词用原形；如：Nobody move！= Don anybody move ！ 都别动！Everyone lie down. 统统趴下！四、复合不定代词的替代问题由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,所以在正规的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应当是单数形式；1、含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词,其代词应当是he/she, him/her,其- s 属格形式的代词应当是his/her, his/hers；如：Everyone has his/her own words. 每个人都有他（她）自己的说辞；但是,这样一来就会由于性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性,所以为了防止这种别扭的情形,我们一般都是用 they/them/their/theirs, 特别是在口语中以及非正式场合下；如：No one gave you a ticket, did they. 没人给你票,是吗？Someone came in, but I didnt know who they were. 有人进来了,但我不知道是谁；2、含-thing 等指事物的复合不定代词,不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性,因此我们就使用 it ；如：Something goes wrong, doesn t it.出问题了,是吗？五、复合不定代词的定语复合不定代词的定语必需后置,即放在复合不定代词的后面；如：Can you tell something interesting. 你能讲些好玩的事情吗？Is there anybody important here. 这儿有大人物吗？Would you like something to eat. 要来些吃的东西吗？六、含 some-和 any- 的复合不定代词间的用法区分由 some-和 any- 所构成的复合不定代词（即 之间的区分跟 some和 any 的区分一样；something 和 anything ； someone和 anyone ；somebody 和 anybody ）1、something ,someone,somebody 通常用于确定句中,而 anything ,anyone,anybody 一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中；如：He found something strange but interesting.他发觉了一些古怪但却好玩的事情；Do you have anything to say ？你有话要说吗？I can t meetanybody on the island. 在岛上,我没遇见任何人；2、在表示恳求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和期望得到对方确定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用 something ,someone,somebody 等复合不定代词；如 : Would you like something to eat ？要些吃的东西吗？Isn t there something wrong with you. 莫非你没问题吗？3、当 anything 表示“ 任何事（物） ,无论何事（物）” ,anyone,anybody 表示“ 无论谁,任何人” 等意义时,它们也可以用于确定句中；如：Anything is OK. 什么都行；Anybody knows the answer. 任何人都知道答案；七、复合不定代词的否定1、“ not every- ” 表示的是部分否定,意为“ 并非都,不都”；例如：Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺当；The teacher didnt call everyones name. 老师并没有点全部人的名；2、“ not any-” 和 no- 均表示全否定；例如：He listened, but heard nothing. 他听了听,但什么也没听到；= He listened, but didnt hear anything.You havent called anyone/anybody up, have you. 你没给谁打过电话,是吗？= You have called no one/nobody up, have you. 八、复合不定代词作名词4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 复合不定代词可以充当名词用,表示“ 的事情（东西或人）” ；1、someone/somebody, anyone/anybody 的意义是“ 重要人物,大人物” ,everyone/everybody 意为“ 最重要的人” , no one/nobody 就意指“ 无关紧要的人,小人物” ；例如：2、something ,anything 的意义是“ 重要事情（东西）” ,everything 表示“ 最重要的事情（东西）” ,nothing就指“ 毫无趣味的事情,无关紧要的东西” ；九、合与分的区分问题1、 someone,anyone,everyone 都只能指人,且不和介词of 连用； some one,any one ,every one就既可指人又可指物,可与介词of 连用；例如：Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人；-Which toy would you like. -Any one is OK. -你要那个玩具？- 任凭；2、no one（=nobody）“ 没有人” ,只用来指人,通常不和介词 可用来指物；例如：No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好；of 连用； none“ 没有一个” ,既可以用来指人也None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them. 这些问题没有一个是简洁的,我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题；回答 who 引导的特别疑问句时用no one ；回答 how many 引导的特别疑问句时用none；例如：-Who was late . -No one. -谁迟到了？ - 谁也没有迟到；-How many pigs do you keep. -None. -你养几头猪？ - 一头也没养；不定代词专项练习1He can't hear you, because there is _ noise here Avery much Btoo much Cmuch too Dso many 2_ name is Han Meimai. AHerself BHers CShe DHer 3All of us were invited, but _ of us came Aneither Bnone Cboth 4The weather in Shanghai is different from _ ABaotou BBaotou weather C that in Baotou Dthose of Baotou 5There isn't _ water in the cup. Aany Bmany Csome Dthe 6-Is this _ pen. -No, _ is on my desk. Ayour; my Byours; my Cyour; mine Dyours; mine 7The bottle is empty. There is _ in it. Aanything Bsomething Cnothing 8-Look. We have _ sugar. -Really. Let's go and buy some. Afew Ba few Clittle Da little 9There isn't _ milk in the fridge. You'd better buy some. Ano Bany Csome ”10-“ There isn't _ water here. Could you get _ for me.5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - -“ All ringht.”Csome; any Dany; some Asome; some Bany; any 11Today, _ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world. Amuch too Btoo much Cmany too Dtoo many 12There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand. Aboth Ball Cevery Deach 13Is the shirt on the bed _ . Ayours Byour Cyou 14Mr Green taught _ English last year. Aour Bwe Cus 15These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _ one. Aother Bothers Cthe others Danother 16Mary can't go with us. _ has to look after _ mother at home. AShe; his BShe; her CHe; her DHe; His 17There isn't _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me. Aany; some Bany; any Csome; some Dsome; any 18I often help _ . Ahe or she Bhis and her C him and her Dhis and hers 19There are some trees on _ side of the street. Aboth Ball Ceither Devery ” “ I like _ , because they're not useful.”20“ Which of the two dictionaries do you like better.Aboth Beither Call Dneither 21They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. Aany Bsome Cnone Dneither 22There were _ people and noise in the park last Sunday. Amany; much Bmuch; much C much; many Dmany; many 23_ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary. AEach; every B Every; each CEach; each DEvery; every 24Please keep together. We want _ of you to get lost. Anone Bsome Cmany Dany 25There is _ water here; but there are quite _ empty glasses. Alittle; a few Bfew; little Cfew; a few Dlittle; a little 26The skirt is _ . She made it _ . Ahers; herself Bher; herself Cherself; hers Dherself; her 27“ Haven't you forgotten _ .” “ _ ,oh, I forgot my bag.”Aanything; Excuse me Bsomething; Excuse me Csomething; Pardon Deverything; Pardon 28Be quiet. I have _ to tell you. 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Aimportant anything B anything important Cimportant something Dsomething important 29My father is very busy with his work. He has _ time to do the housework. Alittle Bfew Ca little Da few 30- _ of the boys in Class Four are playing games. -_. AAll BEach CThe both D None 31The boy promised _ mother never to lie to _ again. Ahis; him Bher; her Cher; him Dhis; her ”32“ Would you like some milk in your tea.” “ Yes, just _ .Amuch Ba little Ca few Dlittle 33_ school is much larger than _ . ATheir; our BTheir; ours CTheirs; ours DTheirs; our 34Put it down, Richard. You mustn't read _ letter. Aanyone's else's Banyone's else Canyone else's D anyone else 35He found _ very interesting to ride a horse. Athis Bthat Cit Dwhich 36Han Meimei, what about _ to eat. Aeverything Bsomething Cnothing Danything 37_ office is much smaller than _ . AOurs; yours BOur; yours CTheirs; our DYour; their 38“ Help _ to some meat, Mary,” my aunt said to me. Athemselves Bourselves Cyourself Dhimself 39There are twenty teachers in this gradeEight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers. Athe other Bthe others CothersD other 40Though they had cleaned the floor, there was still _ water on it. Alittle Ba little Cfew Da few 不定代词专项练习参考答案1Btoo much 只能修饰不行数名词, much too 修饰形容词或副词, very much 可修饰动词； many只能修饰可数名词,不能修饰不行数名词；2Dher 作物主代词,意为“ 她的”,留意 her 仍可作 she 的宾格；3B句意：“ 我们都接到邀请,但我们谁没来；” none 是 all 的反义词,表示“（三者以上的）没有一个（人或物）；”4Cthat 作为代词；代替主语 weather. A 项错误在于 Baotou 与前面的主语 weather 不相对应,无法比较；代词that 既可代替不行数名词,也可代替单数可数名词；5Aany 用于疑问句和否定句,some用于确定句；6Cyour 是形容词性物主代词,只能作定语修饰名词； mine 是名词性物主代词,可作主语、表语和宾语,但不能作定语； 7 C空白处填 nothing 是与前一句的 empty 相呼应、吻合的；7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 8C从后一句 “ 去买些糖”可知“ 糖不多了”；little 的意思是 “ 少” ,有否定含义, 只能修饰不行数名词, a little是“ 一点” ,有确定含义；few 和 a few 是修饰或代替可数名词,前者否定,后者确定；9B确定句中用 some,疑问句和否定句中用 any；10D前一句是否定句, 故用 any ；后一句是说话者恳请别人做某事,期望对方同意, 并认为对方能同意,故用 some；11D too much 只能修饰不行数名词,too many 只修饰可数名词；A项只修饰形容词或副词；C项本身就是错误的；12D every 和 each 都作“ 每一个” 讲,但every 只能作定语； each 既可作定语,仍可作主语、宾语、同位语等成分； both 和 all 作主语（代替可数名