2022年初中英语词汇辨析.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载中学英语词汇辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 统指各种衣服,谓语动词永久是复数,cloth 指布,为不行数名词clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident incident 指小大事 , accident 指不幸的事故 3. amount, number He was killed in the accident. amount 后接不行数名词,number 后接可数名词a number of students 4. family, house, home home 家,包括住处和家人,5. sound, voice, noise sound 自然界各种各样的声音,6. photo, picture, drawing house 房子,住宅, family 家庭成员 . My family is a happy one. voice 人的嗓音, noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside. photo 用照相机拍照的照片,picture 可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing 画的画Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary 词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word 详细的单词He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population 人口,人数, people 详细的人 9. weather, climate China has a large population. weather 一天内详细的天气状况,climate 长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road 详细的大路,大路,street 街道, path 小路,小径, way 道路,途径 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course 课程（可包括多门科目） ,subject 科目（详细的学科）12. custom, habit a summer course custom 传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接 to do, habit 生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接 of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接缘由,后接of sth./doing sth,reason 用来说明某种现象或结果的理由,后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise 运动,锤炼（不行数） ,exercises 练习（可数） ,practice（反复做的）练习Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作" 课"解时 ,两者可以替换 .指课文用 lesson. 指班级或全体同学用 16. speech, talk, lecture class. lesson 6; class 5 speech指在公共场所所做的经过预备的较正式的演说,talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture 学术性的演讲,讲课a series of lecture on17. officer, official officer 部队的军官, official 政府官员 an army officer 18. work, job 名师归纳总结 二者均指工作；work 不行数, job 可数a good job 第 1 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载19. couple, pair couple 主要指人或动物,pair 多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land country 侧重指版图,疆域,nation 指人民,国民,民族,state 侧重指政府,政体,land 国土,国家The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker cook 厨师, cooker 厨具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages damage不行数名词 , 损害,缺失 ; damages复数形式 , 赔偿金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman police 警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman 指某个详细的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem 常和困难连系, 前面的动词常为 和 ask, answer 连用25. man, a man think about, solve, raise ,question 常和疑问连系, 多man 人类, a man 一个男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡,chicken 仍可以当鸡肉The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph 当电报解时, telegram 指详细的, telegraph 指抽象的 28. trip, journey, travel, voyage a telegram, by telegraph travel 是最常用的, trip 指短期的旅途, journey 指稍长的旅途, voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game sport 多指户外的嬉戏或消遣活动,如打球, 游泳, 打猎, 赛马等； game 指打算胜败的嬉戏,通常有一套规章 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize price 价格, prize 奖,奖品,奖金 31. a number of, the number of win the first prize The price is high/low. a number of 很多,谓语动词用复数； the number of 的数目, 谓语动词用单数； The number of students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front of in front of 范畴外的前面,in the front of 范畴内的前面In the front of the room sits a boy. 33. of the day, of a day of the day 每一天的, 当时的,当代的, of a day 临时的,不长期的 34. three of us, the three of us a famous scientist of the day three of us我们（不止三个） 中的三个,the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 35. by bus, on the bus by bus 表手段,方式,不用冠词,on the bus 表范畴They went there by bus. 36. for a moment, for the moment for a moment 片刻,一会儿,for the moment 临时,一时Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next year 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载next year 将来时间状语,the next year 过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year. 38. more than a year, more than one year more than a year 一年多, more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等）39. take advice, take theone's advice take advice 征求看法, take the advice 接受忠告 40. take air, take the air take air 传播,走漏, take the air 到户外去,漫步 41. in a word, in words He refused to take the advice and failed again. We take the air every day. in a word 总之,一句话,in words 口头上In a word, you are right. 42. in place of, in the place of in place of 代替, in the place of 在 地方 43. in secret, in the secret A new building is built in the place of the old one. in secret 隐秘地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语；in the secret 知道内情,知道隐秘,一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girl a girl 可泛指全部女孩, one girl 一个女孩Can one girl carry such a big box. 45. take a chair, take the chair take a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下, take the chair 开头开会46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea 当海员,出航,by sea乘船,由海路,by the sea 在海边go by sea 47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher 指一个人,既是医生又是老师,医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is 48. in office, in the office the doctor and the teacher 两个人,一个in office 在职的, in the office 在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office. 49. in bed, on the bed in bed 卧在床上, on the bed 在床上 50. in charge of, in the charge of The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed. in charge of 治理,负责照管,in the charge of 由 照管He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her. 51. in class, in the class in class 在课上, in the class 在班级里 52. on fire, on the fire He is the best student in the class. on fire 着火 ,on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 53. out of question, out of the question out of question 毫无疑问的, out of the question 不行能的54. a second, the second a second又一,再一, the second 第 55. by day, by the day He won the second prize. by day 白天, by the day 按天运算 The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a people the people 指人, a people 指民族 57. it, one The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载it 同一物体, one 同类不同一 58. that, this I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. that 指代上文所提到的,this 导出下文所要说的I was ill. That's why 59. none, nothing, no one none 强调有多少, nothing, no one 强调有没有, nothing 指物, no one 指人- How many /How much . - None. 60. anyone, any one anyone 指人,不能接of ,any one 指人物均可,可接of any one of you 61. who, what who 指姓名或关系,what 指职业或位置What is your dad. He is a teacher. 62. what, which what 的挑选基础是无限制的,which 在肯定范畴内进行挑选Which do you prefer, bananas or apples. 63. other, another other 后接名词复数,another 后接名词单数other students, another student 64. not a little, not a bit not a little 特别, not a bit 一点也不 65. many, much, a lot of I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累；many 和可数名词连用,much 和不行数名词连用,a lot of 可数,不行数均可,但不用于否定句 I haven't many books. 66. much more than, many more thanmany more than 后接可数名词many more much more than 后接形容词或不行数名词,people, much more water, much more beautiful 67. no, not no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water 68. no more than, not more than no more than 相当于 only ,仅仅,只有,69. majority, most not more than 至多,不超过majority 只能修饰可数名词,most 可数不行数均可the majority of people 70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself by oneself 单独的,独自的,for oneself 为自己, to oneself 供自己用的, of oneself 自行的,自动的 The door opened of itself. 71. at all, after all at all 根本,全然 , after all 到底,到底 After all he is a child. 72. tall, high tall 常指人或动物,high 常指物体He is tall. 73. fast, quickly fast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快run fast, answer the question quickly 74. high, highly high 详细的高, highly 抽象的高,高度的 think highly of 75. healthy, healthful healthy 健康的,健壮的,healthful 有益于健康的healthful exercise 76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载sleeping 正在睡觉, asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy. 77. gold, golden sleepy 困的,有睡意的gold 指真金制品, golden 指金色的,但金鱼用 gold fish a gold ring 78. most, mostly most 用于表感受的确定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,mostly 大部分 ,是副词 most people, the people are mostly79. just, very just 表强调时是副词,作状语,very 表强调时是形容词,用作定语the very man, just the man 80. wide, broad wide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离,broad 侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders 81. real, true real 真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,际情形相符合 real gold, a true story 82. respectful, respectable true 真的,真正的,指的是事实和实respectful 敬重,有礼貌,respectable 可敬的,值得敬重的be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward 二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward 仍可用作形容词an outward voyage 84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing pleasant 常用作定语, pleased, pleasing 常用作表语, pleased 主语常为人,pleasing 主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing. 85. understanding, understandable understanding 明白事理的,能体谅的,understandable 可懂得的,能够懂的an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 86. close, closely close 接近,靠近, closely 紧紧地,紧密地 87. ill, sick ill 做表语, sick 定,表均可 a sick boy 88. good, well closely connected, stand close good 形容词, well 副词,但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again. 89. quiet, silent, still quiet 寂静的,可以发出小的声音,silent 不发出声音,但可以动,still 完全不动,完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话；90. hard, hardly hard 努力, hardly 几乎不 91. able, capable work hard I can hardly believe it. able 与不定式 to do 连用, capable 与 of 连用 He is capable of doing 92. almost, nearly 二者均为 "几乎 ,差不多 " 和否定词连用用 almost almost nobody 93. late, lately late 迟,晚, lately 最近,近来 I haven't seen him lately. 94. living, alive, live, lively 名师归纳总结 living, alive, live均为活着的, living 定表均可, alive 定表均可, 定语后置, live 只能做定语,第 5 页,共 14 页lively 意为活波的all the living people=all the people alive - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载95. excited, exciting excited 使人兴奋的, exciting 令人兴奋的 96. deep, deeply deep 详细的深, deeply 抽象的深,深深地 97. aloud, loud I'm excited. The news is exciting. deeply moved, dig deep aloud 出声地, loud 大声地 read aloud出声地读 98. worth, worthy 二者均为值得,worth 后接 doing, worthy 后接 to be done, of being done It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited. 99. bad, badly bad 形容词, badly 副词,不好,但与 I need the book badly. 100. before long, long before need, want, require 连用为 "很,特别 " go bad before long 不久以后, long before 很久以前 not long before = before long 101. quite, rather quite 完全地,相当于completely, rather 修饰比较级quite impossible 102. happy, glad happy 兴奋,幸福,定表均可,glad 兴奋,只能做表语a happy girl 103. instead, instead of instead 是副词,放在句首或句末,instead of 是介词短语,放在句中He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV . He watched TV instead of seeing a film. 104. too much, much too too much 后接不行数名词,much too 后接形容词much too heavy 105. be about to, be going to, be to do be about to 表最近的将来,后面不接时间状语,be going to 侧重准备,想法,be to do 侧重意志,方案,支配I'm to meet him. 含双方事先约好的意思 106. raise, rise raise 及物动词, rise 不及物动词 The sun rises in the east. 107. bring, take, carry, fetch bring 拿来, take 带走, carry 随身携带, fetch 去回这一来回动作 108. spend, take, pay, cost fetch a box of chalk spend人做主语,花钱,花时间 ; spend on sth./in doing sth; take 物做主语,花时间 ; pay 人做主语,花钱,pay for; cost 物做主语,花钱109. join, join in, take part in join 加入某个组织,并成为其中的一员；join in 参与小型的活动, join sb. in ；take part in 参与大型的活动 110. learn, study learn 学习,侧重学习的结果,study the problem 111. want, hope, wish He joined the army five years ago. study 学习,侧重学习的过程,讨论want 准备,想要,want to do, want sb. to do, hope 期望（通常可以实现） ,hope to do/ hope thatwish 期望（通常不能实现）wish sb. to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success. 112. discover, invent, find out discover 发觉原来存在但不为人所知的东西,invent 创造原来不存在的物体,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载find out 发觉,查明 At last he found out the truth. 113. answer, reply answer 及物动词, reply 不及物动词,后接 to reply to the letter 114. leave, leave for leave 离开, leave for 前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai. 115. rob, steal rob 抢劫 rob sb. of sth.,steal 偷 steal sth. from sb. 116. shoot, shoot at shoot 射死, shoot at 瞄准,但不肯定射中 117. drop, fall He shot the bird and it died. drop 及物不及物均可,fall 不及物动词Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice. 118. search, search for search 后接地点, search for 后接东西 119. used to, be used to He searched his pocket for money. used to 过去经常, be used to习惯于,后接sth./doing sth.；被用来,后接do sth. He is used to getting up early. 120. win, lose, beat win 后接 sth.,反义词为 lose, beat后接 sb. win the game, beat them 121. live on, live by live on 以 为主食, live by 靠 谋生 122. beat, hit, strike live on fish/ live by fishing beat 连续性地击打；hit 打中,对准打；strike 打一下或如干下beat the wings 123. meet, meet with meet 遇到, meet with 体验到,遭受到 meet with an accident 124. lose, miss lose 失去（详细的物体） ,错过sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 思念,错过sth. is missing, miss the chance 125. be tired of, be tired with/from be tired of 厌烦 , be tired with/from由于 而累了be tired with/from running 800 meters 126. care about, care for care about 关怀,计较,在乎,一般多用于否定句中；care for 关怀,照管,喜爱,情愿He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies. 127. catch a cold, have a cold catch a cold 不能和表示 "一段时间 "的状语连用,而 have a cold 可以 She has had a cold for a week. 128. change for, change into change for 调换成, change into 变成 129. continue, last Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice. 二者均为连续, continue 主动,被动均可, last 只能用主动 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued. 130. feed, raise feed 喂养,养活,饲养to give food to , raise 饲养,哺育cause to grow, bring up children raise the family 131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载go for a doctor 去请医生, go to a doctor 去看病132. notice, observe, catch sight of notice 留意到, observe 观看,认真地看,catch sight of 突然看到observe the stars 133. insist on, stick to insist on 坚持要求,后常接 134. look, seem, appear doing, stick to 坚持 , 后常接 sth. stick to the plan look 指从外表上看,seem指内心的判定,appear 指给人以表面的印象appear wise, look like his father 135. gather, collect gather 把分散的东西集中到一起,collect 指细心地、有挑选地进行收集collect stamps 136. mean to do, mean doing mean to do 准备,想要做某事,mean doing 意思是,意味着By this I mean giving the students more practice. 137. die from, die of die from 表示死于（枪）伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等,die of 表示死于疾病,饥饿,冰冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold 138. pay for, pay back,