2022年初一英语名词讲解及练习.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名词一、名词分类：名词分为 一般名词 和专出名词一般名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称,又可分为个体名词,如boy, house, insect, tiger 等；物质名词,如air, snow, bread, rice 等；抽象名词,如glory, honesty, failure, education 等；专出名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专出名称,如 China Central Television 等；名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1.一般名词： 可数名词和不行数名词 1可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词Cheng Du, China, Obama, 个体名词 : 表示个体的人或事物名称的词；如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag 每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式；A. 单数 表示 “一个 ” 的概念；用名词的单数时,名词前需加 a 或 an；如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果） 、an orange（一个橘子）等；B. 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体；如 two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周） 等；集合名词： 表示一群人或一些事物名称的词；如：people, family, class, furniture 复数形式的构成有两种：规章名词复数形式的构成和不规章名词复数形式的构成；规章名词复数形式的构成词形复数形式的构成方法例 词cat cats 大多数名词在词尾加 -s；（在清辅音后读s,在浊辅音book-books 及元音后读 z；）dog-dogs bag bags boy- boys 名师归纳总结 以 s、x、ch、sh 结在词尾加-es, 读作 iz ；glass glasses 第 1 页,共 10 页尾的名词match matches - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 把 y 变成i , 加 -es, 读作 iz city cities 以辅音字母+y 结但专出名词例外,直接在y 后加 -s, 读作Canadian Canadians 尾的名词以辅音字母+o 结z American Americans tomato tomatoes 一般直接加-es,读作 z; 某些词例外 ,加 -s potato potatoes 尾的名词kilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photos 以元音字母 +o 结尾直接加-s, 但读作 z zoo zoos 的名词radio radios 有的直接加-s, 读作 z roof roofs 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名大多数要将f 或 fe 变为 v,再加 -es,读作 z leaf leaves wife wives 词knife knives yourself-yourselves 不规章名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点 例 词man men foot feet 通过转变词内元音字母tooth teeth mouse mice（老鼠）通过在词尾加 -en 或-ren ox oxen（牛）child children a sheep two sheep 单复数形式相同 a deer two deer（鹿）a Chinese two Chinese（中国人）留意事项 :只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks 单数名词用于复数含义 : people, public, police 特别名词的讲解：people 作“ 人们,人民” 解时,只有复数形式,谓语动词作复数；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 作“ 民族” 解时,单复数不同,复数要在词尾加 s；There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人；There are fifty-six peoples in our country. 我们国家有 56 个民族；clothes 等属于无单数形式的复数名词,谓语作复数；例： My favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts, scissors等名词,由两部分构成,常以复数形式显现,谓语动词要用复数；要表示单数常用a pair of 表示,此时如作主语,谓语要作单数看待；例： Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. 集体名词看作整体时,谓语用单数; 指成员时,谓语用复数；His family is a large family. 指整体His family like animals. 指成员有的名词单复数意思不同：例： hair 和 fruit 通常作单数,表示总体；My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的；I like fruit .Its good for you. 我喜爱水果 ,水果对你的身体有好处；但假如表示如干根头发或各种水果,就需用复数形式 . Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发；She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜爱梨,桃和其它水果；2不行数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词 物质名词： 表示无法分为个体的名词；如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice 名师归纳总结 抽象名词： 表示状态,品质,动作,感情等抽象概念的名词；如：health, happiness, help 第 3 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 个体名词可数名词集体名词一般名词 物质名词不行数名词抽象名词专出名词留意事项 ：1. 不行数名词没有复数变化,不能与 a/an 或表示详细数量的词直接连用；这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little 等词；如 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk 2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词 +量词 +Of+ 名词 来表述；用量词修饰时,第一 要留意量词的单复数；然后 要留意名词是否可数 ,不行数时用单数 ,可数时用复数 ,如：one bag of rice. one kilo of apples. ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples. 对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用 how many ；对不行数名词的数量提问要用 how much ,但对不行数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用 how many ；如：I would like two apples. How many apples would you like. I want some bread. How much bread do you want. I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want ？名师归纳总结 询问价格用How much ,如 : How much is the coat. How much are the coats. 第 4 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 二. 名词的全部格全部格的构成：1. 有生命的名词2. 无生命的名词有生命的名词（1）一般单数名词后加 's. 如： my brother's book ,Jack's cat,the girl's pen （2）以 -s 结尾的复数名词的全部格,只需在名词右上方加 ；如： the girls dormitory ,a teachers' college 留意：在不规章复数名词后,要加 's.如： women's clothes. （3）假如一样东西为两个人共有,在后一个名词词尾加 's,如：Tom and Peter's room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）（4） 假如一样东西不是共有的,两个名词都要加 's. 如： Tom's and Peter's rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）无生命名词 : 无生命的名词的全部格,通常用“ of+名词 ”的结构来表示；如：（一张马的照the windows of the room （房间的窗户）a picture of the horse 片）名词习题一 写出以下名词的复数形式：名师归纳总结 1. house _ 2. it _ 3. zoo _ 第 5 页,共 10 页4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. this_ 22. German _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. American _ 33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ 41.tooth _ 42.mouth_ 二挑选填空：1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They don t have to do _ today. C. many homework D. A. much homework B. many homeworks much homeworks 3. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 4. June 1 is _. A. childrens day B. childrens Day C. Childrens Day D. Childrens day . C. Kate and Joans D. 5. _ room is next to their parentsA. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan Kate and Joan 6. Miss Green is a friend of _. A. Mary s mothers B. Mary s mother C. Mary mothers D. mother s of Mary 7. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 8. Id like to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 9. Many _ are singing over there. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 10. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 11. Mr. White has three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 12. -Are these _. - No, they aren t. Theyre _. D. A.sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow sheeps, cows 13. There are many _ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 14. - Whose room is this. - It s _. s C. Li Mings A. Li Ming B. Li Ming D. Li Mings15. Here are _ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 16. Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 17. I always go to that _ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 18. _ room is on the 5th floor. 名师归纳总结 A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys 第 7 页,共 10 页and Lilys B. two bottle of 19. Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _ _. A. two orange - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges 20. 10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 21. I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English 22. There are two _ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves 23. There are seven _ in a week. A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 24. My father is a _. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 25. - Excuse me, are you _. - Yes, Im from _. D. American, A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English America 名师归纳总结 26. They are _ jackets. A. Lucy s B. Lucy第 8 页,共 10 页27. What color is _ coat. A. Peters B. Peter28. These are _ books. A. teacherss B. teachers29. They are _ ice creams A. childrenB. childrens30. This is _ bag. A. Tom and PeterB.Toms and Peters 31. Where are _ . A. the schools students B. students of the school 32. Those are _ bags. A. driverss B. drivers33.This bag is _ . A. Mary s and Tom s B. Mary and Toms34. _ fathers are coming. A. Mary s and Kate s B. Mary s and Kate C. Mary and Kates- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 35.How _ are these books. A. many B. much 36. This pair of pants _ blue. I like _ very much. A. is, it B. are, them C. is, them D. are, it 37.How _ glasses of water do you want. A. many B. much 38. This is _. A. Mike and Jim's bike B. Mike's and Jim bike C. Mike's and Jim's bike D. Mike and Jim bike 39. These are _. A. Amy and Linglings room B. Amy s and Linglings room C. Amy s and Linglings rooms D. Amy and Linglings room A. family is family are B. family 40. My _ _ big and my _ _ happy. is families are 三依据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of _ to do. homework 2. There are seven _ in a week. day 3. How many _ can you see. tomato 4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _. glass 5. There are five _ in the picture. child 6. There are two_ over there （bench）7. I like taking _ （photo）8. l can see two_ standing there（ woman）9. There are two baskets of_ on the floor （apple）10.There are three_（knife ）11. How many_sheep are there on the hill. 12. There is some_food in the basket. 13. The baby has only two_tooth now. 14. There is a lot of_water in the bottle. 15. There are five_people in his family. 16. Let's take_photo, OK. 17. The_leaf on the tree turn-yellow. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 18. The_child are playing games on the playground now. 19. Their_dictionary are very new. 20. I see you have a few white_hair. 21. They are_woman doctors. 22. Can you give me some bottles of _ orange, please. 23. There are many_fox in the picture. 24. I would like some apple_juice. I am very thirsty. 四将以下句子变成复数形式1This is a knife. _ 2That is a tomato. _ 3She has a wish. _ 4That child is very lovely. _ 5. He is looking after the baby._ 6. Its a big heavy box. _7. This picture is nice._ 8. She is a beautiful woman._ 9. Im a good child. _ 10. Thats a delicious peach._ 五 将以下句子改为单数句子1. These are red coats. _ 2. Who re the boys. Theyre my students._3. Theyre women workers here. _4. Are they playing basketball now. Yes, they are._ 5. What are they. They are buses. _ 6. Those are beautiful flowers._ 7. We have many old pictures._ 六 翻译以下词组名师归纳总结 一瓶牛奶一杯茶一双鞋子第 10 页,共 10 页两条裤子三杯桔子汁六包盐五千克鸡蛋一些面包一点水- - - - - - -