2022年UnitHowcanwebecomegoodlearners知识点整理.docx

名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Unit 1 How can we become good learners. 语法 一. 介词 by 的用法 1.by 意为“ 通过” ,其后常接名词或动词 -ing 形式；用来表示“ 以、通过、用（某种方法或手段）” 而达到某种预期的目的,常用来回答 how引导的特别疑问句； by doing sth意为“ 通过做某事”How does the boy improve his spoken English. By talking with a foreigner. 1 How do you learn English so well. chatting with my uncle in America online. A. By B. With C. In D.And 2Jackson studied Chinese by _ tapes. A. listening B. to listen C. listening to D. to listening to 2.by+ 时间,意为“ 不迟于,在 之前”ten oclock.I have to go to bed by 3.by+ 地点,意为“ 在 旁”Jim sat down by the window.4.by+ 交通工具,意为“ 乘 ”I go to school by bike. 5. 由 by 构成的固定短语： by the way 顺便说一下 by oneself 独自 =alone 二. 现在完成时的用法 一 用法 : 1. 表示过去发生的某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果 . 常用 的标志词有 already “ 已经”, 用于确定句 ,yet“ 仍, 已经” ,用于否定句和疑问句 ,ever （“ 曾经” ）,never （“ 绝不,从 不” ）,just （“ 刚刚” ）,before （“ 以前” ）,once（“ 一次” ）,twice（“ 两次” ）. I have already eaten the dinner. I have already seen the film. （说明我现在饱了）；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. meet B. will meet C. have met 2 Hi,guys.Where are you heading向 行进 now. Home.We all our money,so we have to walk home now. A. spend B.spent C. have spent D.are spending 3Have you ever seen him _. A. ago B. two days ago C. before D. just now 2. 表示过去发生的某一动作或状态,始终连续到现在； 常常与时间状语 for+ 时间段 ,since+ 时间点或一般过去时从句 , 如：for five minutes （5 分钟）since 1985（自从 1985 年始终到现在） .since he was five years old （自从他是五岁的时候始终到现在）现在完成时的标志语仍有so far “ 到目前为止”留意：此时谓语动词要用连续性动词,如是非连续性动词要变成 连续性动词；leave-be away borrow-keep buy-have begin-be on die-be dead join-be a member of go/come-be in open-be open become-be I have waited for you for three hours. 小时；我始终等你等了三个He has been away for a month. 他已经离开一个月了； （has been away不能用 has left）Her brother has been a member of army for three years. （has been a member of army 不能用 has joined army）Han Mei has kept the book since last week.（has kept 不能 用 has borrowed ）1I my hometown for a long time.I really miss it. A. left B.went away from C. have left D.have been 2 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -away from 2 How do you like your English teacher. He is great.We all love him.We friends since three years ago. A. were B.have made C. have been D.have become 3 Anna,you Chinese is good. have Since I was ten. you been in China. A.How long B.How far C. How often D.How soon 4Has the movie begun. Yes, it _ for five minutes. A. has begun B. began C. has been on 二 现在完成时的确定句 , 否定句和疑问句的构成1. 现在完成时的确定句的构成是: 主语+have/has+ 动词过去分词 +其他 . have 用于各种人称 ,has 用于第三人称单数 He has already posted the letter.他已经寄了那封信 2. 现在完成时的否定句的构成是 : 主语+have/has+not+ 动词过去分 词+其他. He hasnt posted the letter yet.他仍没有寄那封信（留意：否定句中要把 already 变成 yet ）3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句的构成是 词+其他. 确定回答是 Yes,主语 +have/has +havent/hasn t :Have/Has+主语+动词过去分 否定回答是 No,主语Has he posted the letter yet. Yes,he has/No,he hasnt 三have/has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区分1.have/has gone to 意为“ 已经去 地方了（仍没回来,不在说话人所在的地方）”Where is Li Lei. 2.have/has been to He has gone to school. 意为“ 曾经去过 地方（已回来）Where have you been. I have been to the library. 1She isnt at the cinema now because she the 3 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -library. A.has been to B.have been to C.has gone to D.have gone to 2 I think the man over there must be Bob. It be him.He has to Australia. A. can t;gone B.cant;been C. may not;been D.mustnt;gone 3 Have you ever been to Canada. Yes,I there last year with my parents. A. have been B.have gone C. went D.go 4 Where is Jhon. He _ the supermarket. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone Section A 1.ask for sth 索要某物 ask sb for sth“ 向某人索要某物” He asked his mother for some money. 1He always asks me advice whatever he does. A. for B. on C. of 2She wrote to her friend and information about computer programming. A. asked for B. went for C. cared for D.paid for 2.the way to do sth=the way of doing sth. 3. 区分 watch,see,read 和 look “ 做某事的方法”1watch 强调看正在运动或变化的事物；多指看电视、录像、比赛、表演等； 2see yesterday. 用于看电影, We saw a wonderful film 另外 see 侧重于结果,指“ 观察,看到” Can you see the bird in the tree. 3read意为“ 看” 时,指“ 阅读；朗读”,后面接书、报纸、杂志等；4 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -He likes reading storybooks. 4 look 强调“ 看” 的过程,后面接宾语,就用look at. Look at the blackboard,please. Look. The boy is watching the football game.His father is seeing a film,and his mother is reading a newspaper. 1Jim has many books.He likes them very much. A.reading B.seeing C.looking D.watching 2 . Yao Ming is in the basketball game.Lets it. A.Look;look B.Watch;watch C.Look;watch D.Watch;look 4.have conversations with sb.“ 和某人交谈” He had conversations with his son yesterday. 5. What about . =How about .意为“ 怎么样” 或“ 好不好？” 接代词宾格或动词-ing ； I think this is a good idea.What about you. What about visiting the East Lake. We dont have much homework this weekend.Can we go out together. OK.What about a movie. A. to see B.seeing C. see D. sees 6.aloud “ 大声地,出声地” read aloud 朗读loudly “ 大声地,吵闹地” ,强调声音热闹,不动听；The boys are talking_ in the class and it makes the teacher unhappy. A. aloud B. loudly C. louder D. loud 7. 在英语中 , 可以用动词不定式形式表示目的 We have to study hard to find a good job. . 译为“ 为了” ；1 to school on time,I need to get up at 6:00 am. A.Gets B.Getting C.To get D.get 5 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2How kind you are. You always do what you can others. A.help B.helping C.helps D.to help 8. practice doing sth.“ 练习做某事” We should practice English as much as possible. A.speak B.speaking C. to speak D.speak in 9. that way=in that way用那种方法 this way=in this way用这种方法 Finally I found my uncle that way. 10. It + is+ 形容词 +（for/of sb） to do sth. 意为“ 做某事对于某人来说是 的” 在此句型中,it 是形式主语, 真正的主语是 to do sth；当形容词是描述人的性格、品质的词如kind,nice,clever,foolish时用 of sb ,其他大多都用 for sb. It was very difficult for me to finish the work on time. It s kind of you to tell me that. It s polite for students hello to teachers. A.to say B.saying C.says D.say 11. a little =a bit =a little bit=kind of意为“ 一点儿；少许” 都可以用来修饰形容词 / 副词； a little bit quiet. 此外,a little 仍可以直接修饰不行数名词,而 a bit 须和 of 连用才可以修饰不行数名词；The weather here is a little bit hot. a little water=a bit of water 一点儿水What is your new friend like. She is shy. A. a bit of B. a lot of C. a little bit D. a kind of 12. Why dont you do sth.或 Why not do sth. 意为“ 你为什么不做某事呢？”Why dont you buy your mother some flowers.=Why not buy your mother some flowers. 13.finish doing sth“ 完成做某事”6 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Have you finished cooking. Why not your teacher for help when you cant finish the story by yourself. A.to ask;write B.to ask; D.asking;to write. writing C.ask;writing 14. 常见的系动词可简记为 : 一是 be am, is ,are ,was ,were,二是感觉 feel ,三是保持 keep,stay, 四是变 become,get,turn,五是起来 taste 尝起来 ,smell 闻起来 , look 看起来 , sound 听起来, feel 摸起来 后跟形容词作表语；1I feel to see that my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. A.proud B.angry C.upset D.lonely 2The cookies good. Could I have some more. A. taste B. smell C. feel D. sound 3What is the matter with you. You so sad. A.look B.seem to have C.look like D.seem like 15. 祈使句的用法：祈使句表示恳求、命令、劝告、号召、警告等意思；1 确定的祈使句：以动词原形开头,动词原形前可以加Please,please 也可放在句末； Come and have fun. 2 否定的祈使句：“ Dont+ 动词原形 +其他” Dont smoke here. 1 _ late. Its your first day to work. A. Dont to be B. Dont be C. Dont D. No 2 draw on the wall. A. Not B. No C. Doesnt D. Dont 16. 祈使句在表示禁止时,可与含有mustnt 的句子互换Dont smoke here.=You mustnt smoke here. 17. 记住两个表示“ 第一” 的词：at first,first of all 1at first 的意思是“ 起初,开头” ,示意后来的情形有所变化；其反义词组是 at last意为“ 最终,最终”细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -At first I didn t want to go,but I soon changed my mind. 2first of all的意思是“ 第一,第一”,相当于 first,表示次序,是时间上或一系列行为动作的开头,后面往往接next,then 等； First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance 抢救车 . 1If we want to work for our country in the future, we should have strong body and rich knowledge. A.at first B.first of all C.for the first time D.after all 2 ,the Internet was only used by the government.But now it s widely used in every field. A.As usual B.At first C.After all D.So far. 18.try to do sth“ 试图做某事,尽力做某事” She tried to carry the basket. 19.be patient with sb.“ 对某人有耐心” You should learn how to be patient. 20. “ the+ 比较级 +主语 +谓语, the+ 比较级 +主语+谓语” 意为“ 越 ,就越 ”The busier she is ,the happier she feels. The more you smile,the you will feel. A.happy B.happier C.happily D.more happily 21.find+it+ 形容词 +for sb to do sth 意为“ 发觉做某事对某人来说什么样的”it 是形式宾语, to do sth 是真正的宾语I found it very difficult to learn how to drive. 1We find necessary to protect the earth. A.it B. this C. that D. what 2My pen pal found it difficult Chinese well. A.learning B.learn C.to learn D.learned 22.the secret to 的要领； the answer to the question问8 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -题的答案the key to the bike 自行车钥匙23. so that “ 如此 以致于 ”so 意为“ 如此” ,后接形容词或副词, that 意为“ 以致于” ,后接句子；so that 常和 not enough to 及 too to 进行同义句转换 He is too young to go to school.= He isn t old enough to t go to school. go to school.= He is so young that he can1The problem is too difficult for me to work out. 改为同义句 The problem isnt for me to work out. 2She was angry she heavily. walked out and closed the door A.so;that B.too;and C.very;that D.such;that 24.1be afraid to do sth=be afraid of doing sth. 意为“ 害怕做某事”2be afraid of sth 意为“ 可怕某物” She is afraid of the dog. 1 I m afraid out at night alone. A. go B. going C. to go D. goes 2The student is _ see the teacher because he_ a mistake. A. afraid of; has B. afraid to; has made C. afraid to; make D. afraid of; made 25. 区分 because of 和 because 1because of 其后不接句子；We didn t go fishing yesterday because of the heavy rain. 2because 其后接句子 .He is late for shool because he gets up late 1Liu Xiang had to give up the race his foot. A. because of B. because C. though 9 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -D.even if 2 Mary didn't get to the party yesterday_ she didn't feel well. A. if B. because C. but D. until 26. 过去分词短语可作后置定语,意为“ 被 的”； The novels written by Lu Xun are very educational. a boy called/named Li Lei 一个被称作李雷的男孩27.fall in love with 意为“ 爱上（某人或某物） ” They fell in love with each other after working together for many years. 28. 区分 exciting 和 excited 1exciting 意为“ 令人兴奋的” ,修饰物； He told me the exciting news. The story is exciting. 2excited 意为“ 感到兴奋的” ,修饰人； What are you so excited about. Everyone looked very excited. 29.begin to do sth=begin doing sth. She began to cry. 意为“ 开头做某事”30. 区分 the other,another 和 other 1the other 指“ 两者中的另一个”,接可数名词单数；常用短语： one the other 意为两者中“ 一个 另一个”I have two pencils,one is short,the other is long. 2another 泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个,后接单数可数名词；The shirt is too small for me.Show me another one,please. 3other 意为“ 其他的” ,后接可数名词复数； other students其他的同学 4some others 意为泛指“ 一些 另一些”Some people believe it ,others not. 留意： others=other + 名词复数10 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1He has two sisters. One is a doctor and _is a teacher. A. another B. other C. the other D. One 2 Would you like to have cake. No,thanks.I ve had two.Thats enough. A.other B.others C.another D.the other 31.although=though引导让步状语从句,意为“ 尽管,虽然”在一个句子中, although/though “ 虽然” 和 but“ 但是” 不能同时连用,即用了although/though就不能用 but ,用了 but ,就不能用 although/though Although/Though he is poor,he is very happy. 1 many children like KFC.I think they d better try not to eat it too often. A.Because B.When C.Although D.If 2_he is ill,_he goes to school. A. Although, but B. /, / C. Although, / D. But, although 3The boy can speak both English and Japanese he is only ten. Wow,what a clever boy. A.if B.because C.although D.but 32.help 的用法1help sb do sth.意为“ 帮忙某人做某事”I can help you learn English. 2help sb to do sth. 意为“ 帮忙某人做某事” I can help you to learn English. 3help sb with sth.意为“ 帮忙某人做某事” I can help you with learning English. Our teacher always helps us _