2022年UnitHealthyeating词汇讲解学案 2.pdf

1 Healthy eating 词汇讲解学案1、 diet n. 根据语境猜词义(1) She is on a diet in order to lose weight. (2) Its important to have a balanced, healthy diet. 根据语义找匹配A. 日常饮食B. (病人或减肥者的)特种食品(1) B(2)A be / go on a diet 节食put sb. on diet 让某人节食a balanced diet 均衡饮食diet/food diet 特指维系健康的定量或定质的食品，常用于病人、减肥者等的食物。是可数名词。They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health. food 是一般用法。指能维系生命的、能充饥的、能吃能喝的东西。作为食物，是不可数名词；作为食物种类，是可数名词。We must have food to eat and clothes to wear. The children jumped with joy at sight of all kinds of foods on the table. 用 food/diet 填空The sick man must not go without (1) food ， but he must have a (2) diet without sugar. 2、 energy n. 根据语境猜词义(1)Its important and necessary to try to save energy. (2)Young people usually have more energy than the old. 根据语义找匹配：A. 能源B. 精力、活力(1) A(2) B energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；精神饱满的名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 energetically adv. 精力旺盛地；精神饱满地energy-saving adj. 节约能源的nuclear energy n. 核能solar energy n. 太阳能be full of energy 精力充沛devote ones energy to 致力于energy/force/power/strength energy 物理学意义上的“ 能、能量 ” ；生理学上的 “ 精力、活力 ” 。Though he is very thin and small, he is full of energy. force 指外在的 “ 力量、武力 ” ；也指自然界的力量，复数常指“ 兵力、军队 ” 。I was prevented from coming by force of situation. the air forces 空军power 指“ 能力、权力 ” 或内在的 “ 力” ；也指人或机器等潜在的或能发出的力量。I shall do everything in my power to rescue. Knowledge is power. strength 指人的 “ 体力、力气 ” 和“ 长处 ” ；指物的 “ 强度” 。He pulled the injured person from the ruins with all his strength. 单项填空()(1) You are always full of_. Can you tell me the secret? Taking plenty of exercise every day. A. power B. strength C. force D. energy D本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：你总是精力充沛，能告诉我其中的奥秘吗？每天进行大量的锻炼。()(2) Our country is performing reforms in many fields, one of _ is electric _. A. that; force B. those; strength C. them; energy D. which; power 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 D句意：我们国家在许多领域在进行着改革，其中的一项就是电能改革。()(3) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas, and other forms of _. A. source B. energy C. power D. material B本题考查名词辨析。句意：一些国家在提高对天然气和其他形式的能源的利用。通过上文中的 their use of natural gas ，我们便可知道它所指的是：大自然的能量，所以答案是B。energy， force，power和 strength 是高考名词辨析的常见考题。在处理这类题目时，我们一定要特别注意它们各自的侧重点：energy 侧重于人的精神和大自然的能量；force 侧重于强迫性；power 强调动力或潜在的力量或人的权力；strength 强调气力。3、lie n&v. 根据语境猜词义(1) Believe him. He never tells a lie. (2) He lied that he had been to the moon. (3) West of the hill lie two chemical plants. (4) He lied on his back on the playground. 根据语义找匹配A. 位于B. 撒谎C. 谎话D. 躺卧(1) C(2) B(3)A(4)D lie n. 谎话； vt. 撒谎；vi. 位于、躺lay v. 产卵，下蛋；摆放tell a lie tell lies 撒谎；讲谎话a big lie 弥天大谎a black lie 用心险恶的谎言a white lie 善意的谎言单项填空名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 ()(1) The manager had fallen asleep where he _ ， without undressing. A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied B本题考查的是lie 有关时态词形的变化和语义辨析。在处理这一问题时，首先我们要搞清楚它在语境中的语义，本句的语义是：经理穿着衣服就在他躺着的地方睡着了。通过had fallen asleep 可知它是 “ 躺卧 ” 的意思， 排除 A 和 C。从时态意义出发，睡着时， 躺卧的动作正在发生，所以答案是B。()(2) At the foot of the hill _ a big lake surrounded by trees. A. lays B. is laying C. lies D. lying C本题考查的是lie 有关词形的变化和语义辨析。在处理这一问题时，我们首先要搞清楚它的句式结构。这是地点状语放在句首的一个完全倒装句，其主语是a big lake。它的语义是：山脚下有个被树环绕着的大湖。巧记一：撒谎 (lie)的规则，不规则的是躺(lie)，躺下来(lay) 就下蛋(lay), 下蛋(laid) 不规则。原形 词性 语义过去式 过去分词 现在分词lievt. 撒谎liedliedlyingvi.躺卧laylainlayvt.产卵、下蛋；摆放laidlaidlaying巧记二：He lied that he lay in bed and laid a hen in a box and saw her laying an egg. 他撒谎道他躺在床上把母鸡放在盒子里看着她下蛋。4、 win (won, won) v. 根据语境感悟其用法名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 (1)After struggling, he won in the end. (2) They worked hard together and won the game. (3)After ten years of hard work, he won the first prize for the music competition. win 作为不及物动词是(1)_ 的意思；作及物动词是(2)_或(3)_。(1) 赢(2) 赢(了比赛 )(3) 获(得了 )奖win back 赢回win hands on 轻易获胜win out 获胜；成功win over 说服；把 争取过来win the day 获胜；成功win/beat/defeat win 是不及物动词，也是及物动词。在作为及物动词时，它的宾语不能是人。Slow and steady wins the race. beat 是及物动词，它的宾语是人，不能是事物。一般指小型的活动。We beat Class 1 in the school sports meeting. defeat 也是及物动词，它的宾语是人，也可以是辩论活动。比较正式，一般指大型活动。We will defeat them in the Olympic Games. 完成句子(1) Our teachers have won the love and respect ( 赢得了爱戴和尊重)of the students. 单项填空()(2) The Huston Rockets _ the Los Angeles Lakers 108：89 in the NBA on Sunday. A. hit B. won C. beat D. defeat C句意：在周日的NBA 比赛中，休斯敦火箭队以108：89 战胜了洛杉矶湖人队。hit “打、撞击 ” 明显不合题意；win 后不能跟人，这里的洛杉矶湖人队指的是人；而beat 和 defeat 可以，但从时态考虑，这件事发生在过去，要用一般过去时，beat 的过去式和原形是一致的，defeat 的过去式是defeated，所以答案是C。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 5、 glare v. 根据语境猜词义(1) They stood there with anger, glaring_at each other without saying anything. (2) The storm came pouring down, thunder rolling and lightning glaring. 根据语义找匹配：A. 发出刺眼的光B. 瞪眼、怒目而视(1) B(2) A look at/glance at/stare at/glare at look at 没有附加意义的看，强调动作。Look at the book and tell me what you see. glance at 用眼睛的余光看，“ 瞥见 ” 。The captain is kicking the ball, glancing at his partners. stare at 因惊讶、好奇而睁大眼睛看。含有无礼或粗鲁的意味。Its impolite to stare at foreigners. glare at 因愤怒而看， “ 怒视 ” 。Everyone glared at the two who kept talking when the others were studying in the reading room. 用 glance/stare/glare 填空(1) I often glance through the title to pick up the most interesting ones to read. (2) The teacher glared at the boys when they laughed loudly in class. (3) Dont stare at me. Im shy. 6、limit v. 根据语境猜词义(1) We should take efficient activities to limit high school students to surfing the Internet. (2) He has reached the limit of her patience. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 7 根据语义找匹配：A. 极限B. 限定，限制(1) B(2) A limitation U“限制、限定 ” 。强调能力的局限性或缺陷。limited adj. 有限的limitless adj. 无限的Co, Ltd. 股份有限公司用 limit 的正确形式填空(1)My life is _ ， but learning is _. (2)The _ of speed is for the safety of each driver. (1) limited; limitless 吾生有涯，学无涯。(2) limitation 对时速的限制是为了每个司机的安全。7、 benefit n &v. 根据语境猜词义(1) Smoking has little benefit on our health. (2) I have had the benefit of good education. (3) The expressway will benefit us all and we will certainly benefit_from it. 根据语义找匹配A. 利益B. 有益于 ；得益于 C. 好处(1) C(2) A(3) B have benefit on 对 有益have the benefit of 得益于 sth. benefits sb. 有益于某人be of benefit to 对 有益for the benefit of 为了 的利益sb. benefits from sth. 某人得益于 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 8 完成句子(1)为了人民的利益，我们要不惜一切代价保护大坝。We should make every effort to protect the dam for the benefit of the people. (2)教育事业是有利于人民的事业，我们要把它办好。The cause of education is of benefit to the people. We should operate it well. (3)公益活动恩泽于千家万户，我们非常支持。Everyone has the benefit of public welfare. All of us will support it. 8、throw down After reading the letter, she threw it down and left angrily. 根据语境语义，throw down 意思是： _。扔下，扔掉throw about 随便丢弃，到处乱扔throw out 把 扔出去，随口说，脱口而出，拒不接受，否决(意见、想法等) throw oneself into 投身于 ，热衷于 ，积极从事 throw off 匆匆地脱下衣服(pull off) ，摆脱，甩掉throw on 匆匆地穿上throw up 呕吐，突然建造或匆忙建造，辞职throw away 扔掉，丢弃，抛弃；失去，错过，浪费，白费throw to 把 扔向 thro w at 用 砸向 用恰当的介词或副词填空(1) I threw the ball to Mike but he threw it at Jack, so they quarreled with each other about it. (2) The housing has been thrown up in this area for the earthquake-stricken people. (3) He threw on his coat and rushed out into the dark. (4)Throw off your worries and throw yourself into the work. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 9 (5)He is a respected person. He always throw himselfinto the cause of education. (6)Dont throw anything out of the bus, which is dangerous. (7)Dont throw litters about. Keep the sight clean. 9、 get away with 根据语境猜词义(1)Dont be tempted to cheat in the exam you will never get_away_from it. (2)He cant get_away_from the office before 7 oclock. (3)Thieves got_away_with computer equipment worth $ 20,000. 根据语义找匹配A. 离开，脱身B. (因做坏事而 )逃避或不受责备惩罚C. 携某物潜逃，偷走(1) B(2) A(3)C get across 被理解，把某事讲清楚get along with ( 事情的 )进展， (人的 )相处get back 回来，要回，收回get down (to) 下来，开始，着手get in 进来，购进，设法做get over 克服，恢复get off 下(车、船、飞机等)，出发，下班get on (事情的 )进展， (人的 )相处，事业有成get out 离开，外出，从 获得有益的东西get up 起床，起身get through 用完，耗尽，完成，顺利通过(考试 )，(用电话 )接通单项填空名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 10 ()(1) Did you make sense of what I said at the meeting? No. Your meaning didnt _. Would you like to explain it a second time? A. get in B. get across C. get over D. get through B句意： 你明白我在会上讲的东西了吗？ 我没明白会上你说的意思，你能再解释一次吗？get in 进去、收获； get across 使 被理解，把 讲清楚； get over 克服、恢复；get through 通过、完成、打通，所以答案是B。B句意为： Jenny正在找一个座位，正在那时，很幸运地，一个人站起来离开了。故选B。()(2) (2010四川 )Jenny was looking for a seat when ，luckily ，a man _ and left. A. took up B. got up C. shut up D. set up 10、cut down 根据语境猜词义(1) When I climbed up the mountain, an old man was cutting_down a tall tree. When I climbed down the mountain, he had cut it up. (2) They have decided to cut_down the household expenses to devote money for the disaster area. 根据语义找匹配：A. 减少B. 砍倒(1) B(2) A cut across 抄近路穿过cut in 插嘴，打断cut off 停止供应，切断，隔开cut out 删去、戒除cut through 凿穿cut up 切碎单项填空()(1) When Jason failed to pay his bill, the network company _ his Internet connection. A. cut off B. cut out 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 11 C. cut up D. cut down (1) A句意：当杰森没付账时，网络公司终止了他的网络连接。通过语境语义，我们体会出的是 “ 终止、切断 ” 的意思，所以答案是A。完成句子(2)老大爷把树砍倒然后把它劈开。The old man cut down the tree and cut it up. (3)别人在说话时插嘴是不礼貌的。Its bad manners to cut in while others are talking. 11、before long before long/long before before long 副词短语，表示“ 不久 ” 的意思，相当于soon。Before long, the army will be sent to rescue us by the government. long before 既是副词短语，表示“ 很久以前 ” ；也是连接词，引导时间状语从句，表示“ 在以前很久 ” 。I had been there long before when it was bare and deserted mountain. It wont be long before he realize his mistakes. 单项填空()(1) Has Bob returned from the USA? Yes, he arrived two months ago, but it wasnt _ he went to Beijing. A. before long B. long before C. long after D. long ago B句意： 鲍勃从美国回来了吗？两个月前就回来了。没过多久又去北京了。它所体现的是 “ 没过多久就 ”的意思，所以答案是B。()(2) Please wait with patience. He will return _. A. long before B. before long 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 12 C. long ago D. not long B句意：请耐心等待。不久他就会回来的。long before 表示“ 很久以前 ” ； long ago 表示 “ 很久以前 ” ，更多地用在寓言、神话故事开头，以提起故事；not long 是汉语式的表达。12、 put on 根据语境猜词义(1) Its cold outside. Dont forget to put_on your coat in case of a cold when you go out. (2) The opera club in our school will put_on The Story of Red Lamp. (3) Would you mind if I put some music on? 根据语义找匹配A. 穿上 (衣服等 )；戴上 (手套、帽子等) B. 播放 (磁带、光盘、MP3 等) C. (戏剧等的 )上演；展出(1) A(2) C(3) B put up 挂起、张贴；举起、抬起；建造、搭起、投宿put up with 忍受put down 放下；记下；平息put aside 忽视；不理睬；攒钱；放到一边put away 放好；把 收起来put back 放回；延期put off 推迟put out 伸出；拿出；灭火put on weight 发胖、发福put an end to 结束 单项填空()(1)You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them. A. put B. put down C. put back D. put off 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 13 C句意：你可以拿书柜里的所有的书看，但看完后请放回原处。put on 穿上，上演；put down放下，记下；put back 放回原处；put off 推迟，所以答案是C。()(2) The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _ completely. A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. turned over B句意：森林护卫经常发现一些没有完全熄灭的营火。turn down 调小(声音)， 拒绝；put out伸出，拿出，灭火；put away 放好，把 收起来； turn over 转过身，翻到 (第几页 )，所以答案是 B。()(3) (2010全国 )My mother opened drawer to _the knives and spoons. A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together A考查动词词组辨析。put away 放好，收拾起来；put up 举起，搭建，张贴，挂起；put on 穿上，戴上；put together 组装，装配，把 凑合起来。13、Nothing could be better (P10)再没有比这些更好吃的了当比较级与not, never, nothing 等否定词连用时，表示“ 再也没什么比这更 的了 ” 。What an interesting novel! I have never read a more moving story. Its the most moving novel that I have ever read. 多么有意思的小说！我从来没看过比这更动人的故事了。(言外之意，这是最动人的) Are you satisfied with his speech? It cant have left us a deeper impression. 你对他的报告满意吗？ 它留给我们的印象再深刻不过了。(言外之意是相当满意) I am very excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine together. I cant agree more. 听说我们将合办一份杂志，我非常激动。我非常赞成。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 14 “ 否定式与比较级” 这一现象频频出现在现代的高考中。对它的考查主要以对话形式出现，带有明显的交际特色。在很多情况下， 命题人通常把它与冠词的问题与分词形式放在一起进行综合考查。单项填空()(1) What do you think of the boys painting? Ive never seen a person with _ sense of art. A. the better B. a better C. a good D. the best B本题考查的是“ 否定词与比较级” 连用的句式。 表示“ 从来都没见过比他更有艺术感的人” ，不定冠词修饰sense, 所以答案是B。 一般地， 我们可以把“ 否定词 a 比较级名词”表示最高级意义作为固定句式来记，以帮助我们做题。()(2) Are you satisfied with what he has done? Not a little. It couldnt be _. A. any worse B. any better C. so well D. so bad B本题考查的是“ 否定词 (couldnt) 比较级 ” 的基本句式。从题干中的not a little 体会出的语义是 “ 非常 (满意 ) ” ，这一结构所表示的是对所述看法的赞同，其语义是： 你对他的所作所为感到满意吗？ 非常满意。再没有比这更好的了。所以答案是B。()(3) Whos your favorite basketballer in China? Yao Ming, of course. No one plays _. A. better B. best C. good D. well A句意： 谁是中国你最喜欢的篮球手？ 当然是姚明喽。 没有人比他打的还好了。所以它考查的是“ 否定词 no one 比较级 ” 的基本句式，答案是A。14、I wish I could see things clearly in the dark.(P13) 我多么希望能够看清黑暗中的东西。wish 作为动词，它有四个重要句式：(1)wish sb. 名词表示祝愿，意为“ 祝某人 ”。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 14 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 15 Wish you success/good luck/a good trip. 祝你马到成功。/祝你吉星高照。(祝你鸿运大发。)/祝你一路顺风。(祝你一帆风顺。) 此处不能用 “hope sb. 名词 ” 这一句式。(2) wish to do sth. 希望做某事I wish to pass the entrance exam, so Ill keep on trying. 我希望能考上大学，因此我会不懈地努力。(3) wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事You are sure to succeed in science. I wish you to be a scientist in the future. 在理科方面你定能成功。我希望你将来当个科学家。不能使用hope sb. to do sth. 句式。I hope you to lend your hand to her. ( ) I wish you to lend your hand to her. ()I hope you will lend your hand to her. ()(4) wish that sb. had done sth. ( 过去 ) sb. did /were ( 现在 ) sb. would do sth. ( 将来 ) What a pity! The boy died. I wish that I had been a doctor.真可惜！小男孩死了。我要是医生该多好啊！We will go hiking tomorrow. I wish it wouldnt rain. 明天我们要远足。但愿天别下雨。wish 后接宾语从句时，它所表达的是虚拟语气，即不太能实现的愿望。在语言运用中，我们要注意：从句中的虚拟语气的形式是有时间限制的。但它的时间不受wish 的影响。而取决于从句动作所发生的时间。巧记：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 15 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 16 图式记忆法wish 之前同步wish 之后had donedid/werewould/could do wish 2) 因为这一结构是虚拟语气，表达了不太能实现的愿望，所以在表示祝愿时，我们一定注意不能使用这一句式，否则给人带来的是虚情假意，不情愿的愿望，尽管语法你没用错。I wish you would come here for a play if you are free.() I wish you to come here for a play if you are free. ()I hope you will come here for a play if you are free. ()翻译句子(1) 我要是教授该多好啊！How I wish I were a professor! 单项填空()(2) How I wish every family_ a large house with a pretty garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had B在处理本题的过程中，我们极易误认为它考查的是时态问题。从语句的语境分析，它是wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气问题。其语义是：我多么希望每个家庭都有一座有着玲珑别致花园的大房子。体现的是对现在的虚拟，用did 形