2022年中考英语总复习之情态动词详解与练习 .pdf

定义：情态动词表示说话人对某动作或状态的态度，或表示主观设想。1. 情态动词有自己的词义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和后面的动词构成谓语（情态动词 + do）2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化（也就是说，不管句子的主语是第一、第二或第三人称，单数或是复数，情态动词都不变）现阶段我们常用的情态动词有can may must need 考点一： can， may，must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：1. can 的用法：（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“ 能、会 ” ， 即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和 must 均不可代替它。如： She can swim fast, but I cant . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如： You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。（3）.表示推测，意为“ 可能 ” ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时 cant 译为 “ 不可能 ” 。如： Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall. 不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。【例题】 1.I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No. She _be there, I have just been there.A.can t B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt2. _ you pass me a pen? I d like to write down the phone number. Sure. Here it is. A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must 【解析】由题干可知，本句表示请求、许可。2. could 的用法：（1）.can 的过去式，意为“ 能、 会” ，表示过去的能力。如： He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。（2）. could 在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? Yes, you can.可以。 （注意回答）3. may 的用法：（1）.表示请求、许可，比can 正式，客气、婉转。如： May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。【例题】 _ I borrow your MP3? Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 【解析】在此处表示请求，意为“ 做 可以吗 ” 。(2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能，或许 ” ，一般用于肯定句中。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 如： It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢. (3) .may 的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如： He is away from school. He might be sick. 他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。例题： Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please? Sorry, Im not sure . But it _ be. A. might B.mustn t C.can t D.must(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如： May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！4. must 的用法：(1).must 表示主观看法，意为“ 必须、一定 ” 。如： You must stay here until I come back. 在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗？例题 May I go to the cinema, mum? Certainly, but you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need (2) 其否定形式mustn t表示 “ 一定不要” “千万别 ” “禁止 , 不许 ”. 如： You mustnt play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustn t be late. 你一定不要迟到。（3）对 must 引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为neednt 或 dont have to .如： Must I finish my homework? 我现在必须完成作业吗？No, you needn t.不，你不必。例题： May I take this book out of the reading room? _. Please read it here. A. Certainly B.No, you needn t C.No, you mustnt D.No, you may not【解析】 May I ?的否定答语为No, you cant/ mustnt. ；Must I ?否定答语为No，you needn t/don t have to.;Can I ?的否定答语为No，you can t. 在口语交际中，要体会句子中的情感差别。(4)must 表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。注意其反意问句的构成形式：当 must 表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如： She must have seen the film before，hasnt she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分) You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday ，didn t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分) 5. need的用法：（1）.need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为neednt，意为 “ 没有必要，不必 ” 。 用 need 提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为neednt或 dont have to 。如： Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗？名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - Yes, you must .是的。 No. you needn t /don t have to. 不，你不必。例题： You _ get there by bus. A. don t need B. needn t to C. don t need to D. need dont to(2).need 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如： I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl. 他需要多了解那个女孩。如果是物作主语，一般用need doing 与 need to be done这种情况下应注意两点：.主动形式的动名词doing 具有被动的含义；.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如： . The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。6. shall 的用法：shall 表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如： Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗？在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。(1).用“ Lets do.”来提出建议。如： Lets go for a walk after supper. (2).用“ What/How about.? ”来提出建议；about 后接名词或动词ing 形式。如： What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us? (3).用“ Why not.? ”来提出建议，表示“何不”not 面后接动词原形。 “Why not.? ”实际上是“ Why dont you/we.? ”的简略形式。如： Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why dont we stay here another day? (4).用“ Would you like.? ”来提出建议，意思是“你想要吗?”Would you like 后可接名词或不定式。如： Would you like a cup of tea?Would you like to go and see her? 因此，如果我们说： “去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shall we go for a swim?Lets go for a swim ，shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you think of going for a swim? 7. should 的用法：（1）.should 意为 “ 应该 ” ，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如： We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。（2）Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如： You should have finished your homework. 你应该已经完成作业了。（事实上你没有完成。 ）8. will 的用法：will 表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 如： I will help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。注意：1、will 在 there be 句型中的形式及其句式变换。由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+ 动词原形”来表示，所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be 。 （一定不能说there will have ）例如：There are many students in our school. There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能说： There will have a sports meeting next week. 2、will 与 be going to do sth 区别：. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. . be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. . be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will 则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. .在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to, 而多用 will, 如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you 10. had better 的用法：had better 意为 “ 最好 ” ，没有人称的变化， 后面接不带to 的不定式， 其否定形式为： had better not。如： We had better go now. 我们最好现在就走。You had better not give the book to him. 你最好不要把这本书给他。考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答: 1.对 may 引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mustn t. No, you can t.2.对 must 引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes, must. No, needn t/ dont have to.3.could 在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）4. shall 引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please.All right.No, thank you. 5.would you 的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please. 【例题】 Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily? _. A.That s right B.With pleasure C.It doesn t matter D.No trouble【解析】 A. 意为 “ 对了 ” ，B.意为 “ 乐意效劳 ”, C. 意为 “ 没关系 ” D.意为 “ 不费事 ” 。考点三 :不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 1.（1）.can t可译为 “ 不会 ” ， 如： I can t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。（2）当句子表推测时，用cant 表达不可能，如： He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了，他正和Tom 下棋呢。（3）cant 还可用来回答 “ May I ? ” 这样的问句。如：May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？No, you mustn t. / can t. 不，你不能。（4）cant 还可用于固定习语中。cant help doing 禁不住， 情不自禁cant wait to do sth 迫不及待如： She cant help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。The children can t wait to open the box. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。2. may 的否定式为may not，译成 “ 可能不 ” ，如： He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。3.（1）mustn t 表示不许，不可。如：He mustnt leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。You mustnt talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。(2) mustn t 也可用于以may 表示要求时的否定回答中。如： May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗？No, you mustn t (can t). 不，不行。4.（1）needn t 意为 “ 不必 ” 。如： You needn t meet him unless youd like to.你不需要见他，除非你愿意。（2）neednt + have+ 动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。如：You neednt have bought it. 你没必要买它（但你却买了）。5. shouldn t 表示不应该。如：You shouldn t feel so unhappy over such little thi ngs. 对于这种小事， 你不应该感到这么不高兴。考点四 :情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词 + be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。如： You neednt get up so early every day. 你不必每天都起这么早。She shouldn t speak to her mother in that way.她不应该用那种方式和妈妈说话。More and more trees must be planted in China. 在中国必须种植更多的树木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我们都看不到，因为它们离我们太远了。考点五 : 情态动词表示推测的用法: 一、 “情态动词 +动词原形”表示对现在的推测。1、can 表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如：That man cant be her husband she is still single. Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postman? 2、must 表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。如： He must be in his office now. Mr Li must be working now， for the lights in his office are still on. 3、might 表示推测时不一定是may 的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。如：The man may be the headmaster. Where is Mr Li? He might be working in his office. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - May Mr Li come? He might not come here. 4、Could 表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。如： Could it be an animal? It could not be ， because it is not moving. 5、Should 表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比 must 的可能性小一点。如：It is already 10 oclock now they should be there. 二、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的推测性用法。1、 “ must +have done/been- ”表示“过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”，不用于“musn t+have - ”形式。如： She must have seen the film before，hasnt she?( 注意反意疑问句的后半部分 ) You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分) 2、 “should +have done /been- ”表示“本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做” ； “ shouldn t+完成式”表示“本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。以上结构常带有说话者的责备的感情色彩。如： You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time). You shouldn t have gone to bed when you woke up at five (but in fact you went to bed again then). 3、 “needn t+完成式”表示“本来没有必要做某事，而实际上却做了”。如： There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried . 4、 “can t /couldn t+have done /been- ”表示“过去不可能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”。如：I saw him just now. He can t have gone to Japan.She said the man couldn t have stolen her car.5、 “ could+have done/been- ”表示“过去本来能够，可以做某事或成为某种状态，而实际上没有”，说话者有些遗憾。 “could sb. have done /been- ？”是它的问句形式。如： You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York (but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel .) Could Mr Li have helped this girl student? 6、 “may/might+ 完成式”表示“过去可能，本来可以于某事而实际上没有干”，might 的可能性较小，语气较弱。 如： He may have finished reading the book. She might have given you some help，however bus she was. 【情态动词易混点归纳】易混点一 : can 和 be able to 两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“ can”和过去式“ could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用 be able to 来表示。 另外be able to 常常指经过努力， 花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如： Jim can t speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。 Well be able to see him next week. 下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。I m sure you ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon. 我们能在中午到达山顶。易混点二 :can 和 may 1. can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”， 一般可互换使用。如：Can/ May 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - I help you ? 我能帮助你吗？2. can 和 may 表示可能性时的区别：1)在肯定句中用might， may，must，不用 can 2)在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must 3) 在否定句中用cant（不可能）， 不用may， must。 如： She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿？That can t be true. 那不可能是真的。易混点三 : may be 和 maybe 用法区别常用位置may be may 为情态动词，be 为动词原形句中，作谓语maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语例如： He may be wrong , but I m not sure. 也许他错了，但我也不确定。易混点四： cant 和 mustnt 1. can t 根据其基本用法可译为：（1）不会。如：I can t speak English . 我不会说英语。（2）不能。如：We cant do it now because it s too dark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。（3）否定句中表示推测。“ 不可能 ” ，如： The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那个人不可能是咱们老师，他年轻得多。2. mustn t 意为 “ 禁止、不许 ” ， 用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。如：You mustn t play football in the street. It s too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危险了。易混点五： must 和 have to 1.must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如： I know I must study hard. 我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。I havent got any money with me, so I ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱， 只好向朋友借点了。He said they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。2. have to 可以用于多种时态；而must 只用于一般现在或将来。如：The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。例题： Can you go surfing with us this afternoon? I d like to , but I _ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.A.need B.must C.have to D.should 易混点六 : used to do / be used to doing / be used to do/ be used for doing sth used to do 表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用to do，不用 doing形式；而 be used to doing 意为“习惯做” ， be 可有各种时态；be used to do 意为“被使用去做,” 为被动语态形式。be used for doing sth“用作”如： My father used to eating meat. 我父亲过去起床晚，但现在不得不早起了。She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉。 He wasn t used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。A knife can be used for cutting things.( 刀可以用来割东西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用来割东西 ) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 【情态动词活学巧练】1 1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. canC. has to D. must 2 They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able toC. can able to D. are able to 3 May I take this book out? No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would 5 Can you speak Japanese? No, I_. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not 2 1 He_ be in the classroom, I think. No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt 2 Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough. A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt 3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need 4 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to 5 _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do 3 1 The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must 2 You _ be late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. needntC. dont have to D. dont need to 3 Must I do my homework at once? No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not 4 1 His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor. A. has not to B. dont have toC. havent to D. doesnt have to 2 He had to give up the plan, _ he? A. did B. didnt C. does D. doesnt 3 They had to walk here, _ they? A. mustnt B. did C. didnt D. hadnt 5 1 He had better stay here, _ he? A. didnt B. dont C. hadnt D. isnt 2 Youd better_late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. wont be D. dont be 3 Youd better _ your hair _ once a month. A. had; cut B. had; cuttedC. have; cut D. have; cutted 4 You_ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not 6 1 Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? _ A. Here you are B. Sorry, I cant C. Yes, please D. Let me try 2 Why dont you ask Mike to go with us? Thanks, _. A. I will B. I wont C. lean D. I may 3 _ I take the newspaper away? No, you mustnt. You_read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 7 1 Excuse me. _ you please pass me that cup? A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must 2 _ you like to have another try? A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do 3 Would you like to go boating with us? Yes