2022年中考英语重点短语词组和句型归纳.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中考英语学问点归类 :短语、词组归纳一、动词 +介词1look at 看 ,look like 看上去像 , look after 照管2listen to 听 3welcome to 欢迎到 4say hello to 向 问好 5speak to 对 说话此类短语 相当于及物动词 ,其后必需带宾语,但 宾语 无论是名词仍是代词,都要放在介词之后；如：This is my new bike. Please look it after. ×This is my new bike. Please look after it. 二、动词 +副词“ 动词 +副词” 所构成的短语义分为两类：A动词（ vt.）+副词1put on 穿上 2take off 脱下 3write down 登记此类短语可以带宾语,宾语如是名词,放在副词前后皆可；副词的前面； 试比较：宾语如是人称代词,只能放在First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. First listen to the answer, then write down it. ×First listen to the answer, then write it down. B动词（ vi）+副词；1come on赶快2get up起床3go home回家4come in进来5sit down坐下 6stand up 起立此类短语属于不及物动词,不行以带宾语；三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games 介词短语聚焦“ 介词 +名词/代词” 所构成的短语称为介词短语；行归类；现将 Unitsl-16 常用的介词短语按用法进1in+语言 /颜色 /衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着 ；如：in English,in the hat 2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“ 在 排 /队/班级 /年级” 等；3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“ 在上午 /下午/傍晚” 等一段时间；4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“ 在书桌 /铅笔盒 /卧房里” ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5in the tree 表示“ 在树上非树本身全部 ” ；on the tree表示“ 在树上 为树本身全部 ” ；如：There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 6in the wall 表示“ 在墙上（凹陷进去） ” ；on the wall 表示“ 在墙上（指墙的表面） ”；如：Therere four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7at work（在工作） /at school（上学） /at home（在家）应留意此类短语中无 the；8at + 时刻表示钟点；如： at six, at half , past ten. /那样” ；9like this/that 表示方式,意为“ 像 这10of 短语表示所属关系；如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China. 11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所；如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree. 12from 与 to 多表示方向,前者意为“ 从 ”go to school/ bed/ work. ,后者意为“ 到 ” ；如：from one to ten, 另外,以下这些短语也必需把握； 如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike 等；重点句型大回放1I think 意为“ 我认为 ” ,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型；其否定式常用I dont think ,如： I think hes Mr. Zhang. L17I dont think you are right. 2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“ 把 给 ” ,动词 give 之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型； 如指物的宾语是人称代词时,就只能用give it/ them to sb. 如：His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr. Hu. L57 3take sb./ sth. to意为“ 把 送带到 ” ,后常接地点,也可接人；如：Please take the new books to the classroom. 4One , the other /One is and one is 意为“ 一个是 ；另一个是 ”,必需是两者 中；如： One is red and one is grey.L50或 One is red, the other is grey. 5Let sb. do sth. 意为“ 让某人做某事” ,人后应用 不带 to 的动词不定式, 其否定式为 Dont let sb., do sth.,或 Let sb. not do sth. 另外, Lets 与 Let us 的含义不完全相同 ,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,如：Lets go for a walk./Let us try once more, please. 6help sb. to do sth. /help sb. with sth.意为“ 帮忙某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换；如：Let me help you find it.L42/Let me help you with it. 7What about ？ /How about ？意为 “ 怎么样？” 是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等； about 为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing 等形式；如： What/How playing chess. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 8It s time to do / It s time for sth. 意为“ 该做 的时间了”,其中 to 后须接原形动词,for 后可接名词或 V-ing 形式；如： Its time to have supper. =Its time for supper. 9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“ 喜爱做某事” ,如：Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. L 43前一种句型侧重详细的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,试比较：Tom likes swimming, but doesnt like to swim this afternoon. 10ask sb.not to do sth. 意为“ 让某人 不要做某事” ,其中 ask sb.后应接动词不定式,如：Ask your friends to guess what is in it. L44 11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“ 把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2 点；如：Show your friend your family photo. （L36）/Show your family photo to your friend. 12introduce sb. to sb. 意为“ 把某人介绍给另一人”如： Introduce your family to her. 重点短语快速复习1.kinds of 各种各样的2. either or 或者 或者 ,不是 就；introduce to sb.就是“ 向某人作介绍” ；15. first of all 第一,第一16. go wrong 走错路是17. be/get lost 迷路3. neither nor 既不 也不 18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗清茶4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国19. get on 上车5. take a seat 就坐20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因 而闻名22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室 23. at the head of 在 的前头8. on ones way to在 途中 24. laugh at 嘲笑9. be sick/ill in hospital 生病住院25. throw about 乱丢,抛散末尾10. at the end of在 的终点,在 的26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜11. wait for 等待28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉12. in time 准时 快13. make one s way to 往 （艰难地）29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架走去30. take ones temperature 给某人体温14. just then 正在那时31. have/get a pain in 某处疼痛名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as 一 就 47. lots of=a lot of 很多 48. no longer/more=not any longer/more 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 不再35. stop from doing sth. 阻挡 干某49. get back 回来,取回事36. fall asleep 入睡50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑37. again and again一再地,反复地52. eat up 吃光,吃完38. wake up 醒来,叫醒 53. run after 追逐39. instead of 代替54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物40. look over 检查55. takegood care of =look after well41. take exercise运动（好好）照管,照管42. had betternot do sth. 最好（不要）干56. think of 考虑到,想起某事 57. keep a diary 坚持写日记43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of 从 向外58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 59. harder and harder 越来越厉害 60. turn on 打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）46. all by oneself 独立,单独 61. turn off 关重温重点句型1So + be助动词情牵动词主语前面陈述的确定情形也适于另一人（物）时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“ 另一人（物）也如此；” 前面陈述的否定情形也适于另一人（物）时,常用“例如：Neither/ Nor + be助动词情态动词 +主语” 这种倒装结构；He likes playing basketball, and so do I. 他喜爱打篮球,我也喜爱；Kate cant speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim凯特不会说汉语；吉姆也不会；留意：“ So+主语 +be助动词情态动词 ” 这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步确定对方的 看法,表示“ 的确如此； ”“ 是呀；” 例如：一 Basketball is very popular game in America名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 篮球在美国是一项很受欢迎的运动；一 So it is的确如此；2Turn rightleft at the firstsecond crossing. 这一指路的句型意为“ 在第一二 个十字路口向右左拐；” 相当于 Take the first second turning on the rightleft. 例如：一 Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office？你能告知我去最近的邮局的路吗？一 Walk along this road,and turn left at the third crossing. 沿着这条路走,在第三个路口向左拐；3It takes sb. some time to do sth. 此句型表示 “ 干某事花了某人一段时间； ” 其中的 it 是形式主语, 后面的动词不定式 （短语）才是真正的主语；例如：It took me half an hour to finish the hard work完成这项艰难的工作花了我半个小时；4 thinkfind + it + adj. + to do sth. 此句型中的 it 是形式宾语,不行用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不 定式（短语）才是真正的宾语；例如：I found it important to learn English well. 我发觉学好英语很重要；s wrong with . 5What此句型相当于 Whats the matter/ trouble with ？后跟某物作宾语时,意为“ 某物出什么毛 病了？” 后跟某人作宾语时,意为“ 某人怎么了？” 例如：Whats wrong with your bike？你的自行车出什么毛病了？s broken它坏了；一 ItWhats wrong with you？你怎么了？一 I have a pain in my head我头痛；6too to在 so that 复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时, 常与简洁句 too to（太 而不能 ）进行句型转换；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He is so young to go to school（改为简洁句）He is too young to go to school在 so that 复合句中, that 后的句子是确定句时, 常与简洁句 enough to 进行句型转换；例如：This maths problem was so easy that we could work it out. （改为简洁句）This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out. 7Sorry to hear that. m sorry to hear that. 意为“ 听到此事我很伤心（遗憾） ；” 常用于对别人的不幸 全句应为 I表示怜悯、遗憾之意；例如：My mother is ill, so I have to look after her at home. 我母亲病了,因此我必需在家照看她；Sorry to hear that. 听到此事我很伤心；重点句型、词组大盘点 她过去是一位汉语老师；1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 用法 used to + 动词原形,表示过去常常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意； 搭配 used to do的否定式可以是 used not to do或 didnt use to do. 比较 used to do sth. 过去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事； 举例 1 I used to read in bed. 我过去总是躺在床上看书；2 Did he use to work into the night. 或 Used he to work into the night. 他以前总是工作到深夜吗？3 I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起；4 Knives are used to cut things. 刀是用来削东西的；2. return it sooner or later. 迟早要将它归仍； 用法名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - lsooner or later 意为“ 迟早” 、“ 早晚” ；2return 此处用作及物动词,意为“ 归仍”,相当于 give back. 拓展 return 仍可用作不及物动词,意为“ 返回”,相当于 go back或 come back； 举例 l He will find his shortcoming sooner or later. 他迟早会发觉他的缺点的；2 When will you return to your hometown. 什么时候回老家？3I have returned the book to the library. 我已经把书仍给图书馆了；3. No matter what the weather is like 无论天气 用法 no matter what 相当于 whatever,其意为“ 无论什么” 拓展类似 no matter what的表达方式仍有：no matter when无论什么时候 no matter where无论什么地方 no matter who 无论谁 no matter how 无论怎么样 举例 l No matter what he does, he always tries to do it well. 无论做什么事,他总是力求做好；2 No matter what happens, I will take your side. 无论发生什么事,我都将支持你；3 No matter who gives a talk, we shall listen carefully. 无论谁做报告,我们都应当仔细听；4 No matter how he goes to work, he is never late. 无论怎么样去上班,他从不迟到；,引导状语从句；4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. 一位年经人与格林先生练习讲 英语 ； 用法 practise doing sth. 表示“ 实践、练习（做）某事”； 拓展 practice名词,“ 实践” 、“ 实施” 、“ 练习” ； put a plan into practice实行某方案； 举例 l The boy practised making a new sound. 那男孩练习发出新的声音；2 She practised the piano two hours every day. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 她每天练习两个小时的钢琴；3 We have laid the plan and now we must put it into practice. 我们已经制订出方案,现在必需 实施；5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans. 他勉励大家参与爱护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动； 用法 1encourage用作动词,意思是“ 勉励”、“ 支持” ；2take part in“ 参与” ,常表示参与活动；3protect 是动词,表示“ 防备”、“ 爱护” ； 搭配 1 encourage sb. in sth. 在某事上勉励或支持某人 encourage sb. to do sth. 勉励某人干某事 2 protect sh. from sth. 使某人不受某事侵袭或损害 比较 1 My parents encourage me in my studies. 我父母亲常常勉励我学习；2 The school encouraged the students to practise using the computers. 校方勉励同学练习使用运算机；3 Will you take part in the English contest. 你预备参与英语竞赛活动吗？4 The vegetables were well protected from the cold. 这些蔬莱被爱护得好而没受冻；6. to warn people about sharks in the water. 警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼； 用法 warn 用作动词,意思是“ 警告”、“ 戒备” ； 搭配 1 warn sb.+ that从句 2 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 3 warn sb. to do sth. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 警告某人做某事 4 warn sb. againstdoing sth. 警告某人当心某事 /不要做某事 举例 1 I warned him that snakes were dangerous. 我警告他,蛇很危急；2 We are trying to warn children the dangers of smoking. 我们正试图警告孩子们吸烟的危害；3 Dr Synes warned me to give up my drinking. Synes 大夫劝我戒酒；4 The notice warned people against swimming in the pool. 公告警告人们不要在池塘里游泳名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页