2022年八年级下英语第一单元知识点总结.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Unit 1 Will people have robots. 1. fall v. come or go down from force of weight, loss of balance, etc; drop; become 落下；跌落；变成The book fell off the shelf. 这本书从架子上掉了下来；fall 用作动词时,主要有两种用法；一种是作为实义动词,可以和介词或副词搭配,表示“落下；跌落”,例如：I fell back in my chair. 我跌坐到自己的椅子上；另一种是作为系动词,与形容词连用,表示进入某种状态,如：fall asleep 入睡（进入睡眠的状态）；fall 的动词过去式是fallen；fall 用作名词时,表示“落下；降低”,例如：I sat listening to the fall of the rain on the roof. 我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音；fall 仍可以表示“秋天”,与autumn意思相同；词汇扩展常用搭配：fall asleep 入睡 fall behind 落后于（某人或某物）fall down 跌落 fall in love with 宠爱；爱上 fall off 掉下 fall over 跌落；被绊倒谚语：He who does not advance falls backward. 不进就退； Pride goes before a fall. 骄兵必败；2. alone adv. Without any companions 独自地；孤独地I don't like going out alone after dark. 我不情愿天黑后独自外出；解析along 和 lonely：（1）alone 既可用作形容词,又可用作副词,意思是“独自的（地）；单独的（地）”,侧重于说明独自一人,没有同伴或助手；alone和 on one's own,by oneself意思相近；alone用作形容词时,一般与be 动词连用,在句中作表语；例如：She is alone at home. 她独自一人在家；alone 用作副词修饰动词时,放在动词后面作状语；例如：I like to work alone. 我宠爱独自一人工作；alone 用作副词时,也可作定语,意思是“只有；仅仅”,但必需置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后；例如：This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand trees. 仅是今年,我们已经载了一万颗树；（2）lonely只用作形容词,它在句中既可作定语,也可作表语,表示“孤独的；孤寂的”；该词带有“孤寂”的感情颜色；用作定语时,意思为“孤独的；荒芜的；偏僻的”等；例如：That's a lonely island. 那是一个荒芜的岛屿；Lonely用作表语时,可以表示“孤寂的；孤寂的”；例如：I was alone but I didn't feel lonely. 我独自一人,但我并不感到孤独；词汇拓展常用搭配：let / leave somebody / something alone 不干涉某人或某物；听其自然let alone 不管；不必考虑谚语：An evil chance seldom comes alone. 祸不单行3. dress v. put clothes on yourself or someone else 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Is she old enough to dress herself yet. 她会自己穿衣服了吗？dress仍可以用作名词,表示“女服；连衣裙；服装”；例如：Mary wore a long red dress last evening. 玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙；辨析dress,put on 和 wear：（1）用作动词时,dress既可以表动作,也可以表状态,常用人作宾语,意思是“ 穿衣服”,例如：She is only a girl of three. She can't dress herself. 她只是一个三岁的女孩,她仍不能自己穿衣服；需要留意的是,在表示“给自己穿衣”时,我们通常说dress oneself = get dressed；当 dress表示状态时,一般要用be dressed in 结构,例如：She was dressed in a red coat. 她穿着一件红色的上衣；（2）put on 意思是“穿（戴）上”,强调动作；例如：He put on his coat and went out. 他穿上外套就出去了；（3）wear意思是“穿（戴）着”,强调状态；例如：Lucy's mother often wears a pair of glasses. 露西的母亲常常戴着一副眼镜；词汇扩展常用搭配：dress somebody up in something / as somebody or something 谚语：Eat to please myself, but dress to please others. 吃是使自己受用,穿是使别人受用；1. unpleasant adj. not pleasant; not enjoyable 使人不开心的；不合意的There is an unpleasant smell from this room. 这屋子里散发出一种难闻的气味；unpleasant可以表示“令人不快的；厌恶的”,例如：I found his manner very unpleasant. 我觉得他的态度厌恶极了；词汇拓展相关词：unpleasantly adv. 厌恶地记忆导航反义词：pleasant adj. 令人开心的unpleasant 是由 pleasant 加上否定前缀un-构成的；类似这种构词法的词仍有：able有才能的unable没 有才能的；happy兴奋的unhappy不兴奋的；2. hundred n. the number 100; a very large number of things or people （一）百；很多（事物或人）The tree was probably a hundred years old. 这棵树可能已经有一百年了；Hundreds of people attended the famous director's farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位闻名指挥家的辞别音乐 会；用法 hundred 用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后,一般不用复数形式,例如：three hundred, a few hundred 等；但 当 hundred 表示“成百的；很多的”意思时,它面前不用详细数字,而常用hundreds of 结构；留意hundred 在这名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载个结构中要用复数形式,前面可加some,a few,several等词修饰；例如：Her coat cost hundreds of dollars. 她的外套价值几百美元；类似的搭配仍有thousands of数以千计的；很多的,millions of 数以百万计的；很多的；词汇拓展谚语：One good head is better than a hundred strong hands. 上百双有力的手,不如一个聪慧的头脑；To hear a hundred times is not so good as to see once. 百闻不如一见；3. such adj. of the same kind as the thing or person which has already been mentioned 这（那）样的；这（那）种辨析such 和 so：（1）such 是形容词,意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”,修饰名词；例如：I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方；需要特殊留意的是,such修饰单数可数名词时,应当根据如下词序：such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词；（2）so是副词,意思是“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”,修饰形容词、副词和分词；例如：I have never seen so beautiful a place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方；同样,需要特殊留意的是,so修饰单数可数名词时,应当根据如下词序：so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词；此外,当名词前有few,many,little,much等修饰词时,要用so；例如：so many people,so few days,so much time,so little money等；词汇拓展常用搭配：such as 例如 such and such 某某；这样那样的谚语：There's no such thing as a free lunch. 世上没有免费的午餐；1. in prep. 在 之后（用于将来时）in 100 years 在一百年后People will have robots in their homes in 100 years.一百年以后,人们家中会有机器人；比较：after 在 之后（用于过去时,表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后）He will come back in two hours. 他两小时后会回来；He came back after two hours. 他是两小时后回来的； 2. less, fewer 比较少；more 比较多less 是 little 的比较级,修饰不行数名词 fewer是 few的比较级,修饰可数名词 more 是 much和 many的比较级名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载much 修饰不行数名词,many修饰可数名词I have less money than he has. 我的钱比他的少；There are more building in this city than in that city.这个城市的楼房比那个城市多； 3. fall in love with . 爱上 Last year I visited the art exhibition and fell in love with the work of Picasso.去年我参观了艺术展,爱上了毕加索的作品；4. a kind of . 一种；some kinds of . 几种a kind of book 一种书five kinds of flowers 五种花many different kinds of goldfish 各种不同的金鱼（fish 单复数相同,此处是复数）5. as well as 也；与too 同义He likes this book and he likes that book, too. / He likes this book as well as that book. 他宠爱这本书,也宠爱那本书；She can come here, too. / She can come here as well. 她也能来；6. worth adj. 值 ；值得 ；相当于 价值This house is worth $10 000. 这个房子价值一万美元； be well worth doing sth. （很）值得做That film is well worth seeing. 那部电影（很）值得看；These books are worth reading twice. 这几本书值得看两遍；7. knock down . 击倒,撞倒；拆除knock down the pins 击倒球柱 knock down the machine 拆除机器 knock 组成的词语仍有： knock on at the door 敲门 knock into sb. 撞了某人名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载knock up 叫醒1. prediction n. 预言,猜测predict v. predict + that 后接从句,如The weather forecast predicts sunshine for tomorrow. 天气预报说明天阳光明媚；I predict that he will win. 我猜测他会赢；2. paper moneypaper n. 纸,纸张,是不行数名词,如a piece of paperpaper money 中 paper是名词做定语,表材质,只用单数；newspaper n. 报纸,可数名词3. space n. 表示“宇宙,空间时”,不行数名词；通常前面不用冠词；There are many stars in outer space. 在太空中有很多恒星；Travel through space to other planets interests many people.现在很多人对穿越太空去其他星球旅行感爱好；4. besides prep. 除了 仍；相当于as well as, in addition to；如：Besides basketball, he also plays soccer well. 除了打篮球以外,他踢足球也踢得很好；All of us passed besides John. 除了约翰外,我们也都及格了；语言要点1. - What do you think Sally will be in five years.- I think she'll be a doctor.2. - What do you think life will be like in 100 years.- Every home will have a robot.3. - Will kids go to school.- No, they won't. They'll study at home.4. - There will be fewer trees.5. robot, credit card, leisure time, pollution, astronaut, apartment, rockets, space station, moon, fewer, less, fall in love with, World Cup, in the future, the same as, help with写作名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载学校要举办My future is not a dream. 的演讲竞赛,请你写一篇演讲稿参与竞赛；参考句型及词汇：In ten years or more, I will .try, study hard, keep fit, work well, make achievement, achieve success .写作点拨：写演讲稿时应留意：1. 就本文来说可先描述对将来的畅想,然后写为了实现这样的理想应当如何去做,最终说明自己的决心；2. 畅想将来时,应用一般讲来时；参考范文：My Future is not a dream.Future. What an exciting word.Very often I ask myself: "What will the future be like." Sometimes I sit at my desk, daydreaming. Could I make great achievement in the future. Will my future be a bed of rose. Can I grasp the chances when they come to me.In ten years or more, will I be working as a scientist, a teacher or a soldier. After work, what other things can I do. Maybe I can go to many places and see the world. And I'll have more leisure hours for books. There are so many books I want to read. I'll go swimming in the real sea, and to skate on real ice.Facing the future, I couldn't help feeling excited. As a junior middle school student, first of all I must study hard, keep fit and work well. Furthermore, I will learn English well. I'll do my best and I'm sure I'll achieve success.I feel confident for my future.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页